Are selective adaptation effects independent of cognitive load?

1996 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 2574-2574
Author(s):  
Donna Kat ◽  
Arthur G. Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Selective Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Effects

Auditory Processing in Children's Speech Perception

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan E. Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Selective Adaptation ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Acoustic Processing ◽  
Processing Differences ◽  
Children's Speech ◽  
The Continuum ◽  
Adaptation Effects

Five- to six-year-old children and adults participated in discrimination and selective adaptation speech perception tasks using a synthetic consonant-vowel continuum ranging from [bal to Ida]. In one condition of selective adaptation, attention was focused on the adapting stimulus, the continuum-endpoint ba], with a whispering task. In another condition, attention was focused away from the continuum-endpoint [da] adaptor to contralaterally presented syllables " she " and " see ." Results, compared with two more typical adaptation conditions, indicated that focused attention did not augment selective adaptation effects, particularly for children who showed smaller effects with focused attention on the adaptor. In contrast to adults, children did not significantly change labeling responses after exposure to endpoint-[ba] adaptors, results matching those of Sussman and Carney (1989). However, children did significantly change labeling following exposure to endpoint-[da] adaptors. Discrimination findings with five-formant consonant-vowel and single-formant stimuli supported the importance of acoustic processing for the selective adaptation tasks performed. Together, results support hypotheses of sensory processing differences in younger, normally developing children compared with adults and show that such abilities appear to be related to speech perception skills.

Effects of Orientation-Selective Adaptation on the Zöllner Illusion

Perception ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Morikawa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Illusion Magnitude ◽  
Selective Adaptation ◽  
Tilt Aftereffect ◽  
Apparent Contrast ◽  
Inhibitory Interaction ◽  
Retinal Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Effects

The model of inhibitory interaction between orientation detectors was examined by prolonged presentation of grating patterns (which was expected to induce orientation-selective adaptation) before measurement of the Zöllner illusion. Adaptation effects were measured under conditions which excluded intrusion by the tilt aftereffect. In experiment 1, illusion magnitude greatly decreased only when the orientation of the adapting grating was the same as that of the inducing lines, which confirmed the first prediction deduced from the model. There was no effect of adapting grating when it was oriented more than 20 ° away from the inducing lines. In experiment 2, adaptation effects were selective not only to orientation but also to spatial frequency. In experiment 3 it was shown that illusion reduction was mediated neither by lowered apparent contrast of the inducing lines nor by retinal adaptation. The results are discussed with respect to the nature of adaptation and possible physiological correlates.

Stimulus Structure in Visual Persistence: An Examination of Selective Adaptation Effects on Phenomenal Continuity

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Burns
Keyword(s):  
Test Stimulus ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Iconic Memory ◽  
Selective Adaptation ◽  
Visual Persistence ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Adaptation Effects

The effects of adaptation by stimuli composed of the dimensions of color, orientation and size were measured on the visual persistence of a red vertical 3.5 c/d grating. Adaptation by the stimulus that shared an identical level on each of the three-component dimensions of the test stimulus decreased the visual persistence of the test stimulus. There was no effect of adaptation on visual persistence when the adapting stimulus and test stimulus shared an identical level on zero-, one-, or two-dimensional components. The present results extend the investigation of selective adaptation effects on visual persistence by Meyer, Lawson, Cohen, and Maquire to color, size and orientation. In addition, these results are in excellent agreement with Burns' finding that physically integral stimuli are represented in iconic memory as integral unitary wholes and not as dimensional components.

Evidence for Separate Movement and Form Channels in the Human Visual System

Perception ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Frisby ◽  
J L Clatworthy
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Human Visual System ◽  
Apparent Movement ◽  
Selective Adaptation ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Adaptation Stimulus ◽  
Real Movement ◽  
Moving Stimulus ◽  
Adaptation Effects

Two experiments are described which investigated the possibility that the directional and form aspects of a moving stimulus are coded in separate neural locations. The experiments employed an adaptation paradigm in which sensitivities to grids in optimal apparent movement were measured following an adaptation exposure to a grid in real movement. The postadaptation grids possessed varying degrees of similarity to the adaptation stimulus: they could either have a similar orientation and a similar movement direction, or they could differ on just one of these dimensions, or they could differ on both of these dimensions. Selective adaptation effects were observed which were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that different form and movement channels exist in the human visual system.

A New Twist on the Rotating-Trapezoid Illusion: Evidence for Neural-Adaptation Effects

Perception ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald M Long ◽  
Thomas C Toppino
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Necker Cube ◽  
Selective Adaptation ◽  
Neural Adaptation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Reversible Figures ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Basic Similarity ◽  
Adaptation Effects

In a series of experiments, the selective-adaptation paradigm was applied to the rotating-trapezoid illusion in an effort to demonstrate neural-adaptation effects in the figural reversal of this classic illusion. Prior to viewing the standard trapezoid, the observer adapted to a rectangle rotating unambiguously in the same direction as the trapezoid or in the opposite direction. In accordance with the neural hypothesis, illusion strength was greatest when the two figures rotated in the same direction and weakest when the two figures rotated in opposite directions. Results were confirmed with two separate dependent variables: the observer's ‘first look’ at the illusion after adaptation and the observer's reversal rate during a test period. These findings were discussed in terms of (a) the basic similarity of results for the rotating trapezoid and reversible figures such as the Necker cube and (b) the need for a multiprocess model of both classes of illusions which emphasizes bottom—up and top—down processes.

Cognitive Load Affects Speech Motor Performance Differently in Older and Younger Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1258-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Movement Duration ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Speech Motor

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of cognitive load imposed by a speech production task on the speech motor performance of healthy older and younger adults. Response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory were the primary cognitive processes of interest.MethodTwelve healthy older and 12 healthy younger adults produced multiple repetitions of 4 sentences containing an embedded Stroop task in 2 cognitive load conditions: congruent and incongruent. The incongruent condition, which required participants to suppress orthographic information to say the font colors in which color words were written, represented an increase in cognitive load relative to the congruent condition in which word text and font color matched. Kinematic measures of articulatory coordination variability and movement duration as well as a behavioral measure of sentence production accuracy were compared between groups and conditions and across 3 sentence segments (pre-, during-, and post-Stroop).ResultsIncreased cognitive load in the incongruent condition was associated with increased articulatory coordination variability and movement duration, compared to the congruent Stroop condition, for both age groups. Overall, the effect of increased cognitive load was greater for older adults than younger adults and was greatest in the portion of the sentence in which cognitive load was manipulated (during-Stroop), followed by the pre-Stroop segment. Sentence production accuracy was reduced for older adults in the incongruent condition.ConclusionsIncreased cognitive load involving response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory processes within a speech production task disrupted both the stability and timing with which speech was produced by both age groups. Older adults' speech motor performance may have been more affected due to age-related changes in cognitive and motoric functions that result in altered motor cognition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document