Growth of forward masking for sinusoidal and noise maskers as a function of signal delay; implications for suppression in noise

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1249-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. J. Moore ◽  
Brian R. Glasberg
Keyword(s):  
Forward Masking ◽  
Signal Delay

Forward masking as a function of frequency, masker level, and signal delay

1982 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 950-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walt Jesteadt ◽  
Sid P. Bacon ◽  
James R. Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Forward Masking ◽  
Signal Delay ◽  
Masker Level

Forward Masking of Dynamic Acoustic Intensity: Effects of Intensity Region and End-Level

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p7128 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk N Olsen ◽  
Catherine J Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Forward Masking ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Signal Delay ◽  
Acoustic Intensity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Response Biases ◽  
Intensity Region

Overestimation of loudness change typically occurs in response to up-ramp auditory stimuli (increasing intensity) relative to down-ramps (decreasing intensity) matched on frequency, duration, and end-level. In the experiment reported, forward masking is used to investigate a sensory component of up-ramp overestimation: persistence of excitation after stimulus presentation. White-noise and synthetic vowel 3.6 s up-ramp and down-ramp maskers were presented over two regions of intensity change (40–60 dB SPL, 60–80 dB SPL). Three participants detected 10 ms 1.5 kHz pure tone signals presented at masker-offset to signal-offset delays of 10, 20, 30, 50, 90, 170 ms. Masking magnitude was significantly greater in response to up-ramps compared with down-ramps for masker-signal delays up to and including 50 ms. When controlling for an end-level recency bias (40–60 dB SPL up-ramp vs 80–60 dB SPL down-ramp), the difference in masking magnitude between up-ramps and down-ramps was not significant at each masker–signal delay. Greater sensory persistence in response to up-ramps is argued to have minimal effect on perceptual overestimation of loudness change when response biases are controlled. An explanation based on sensory adaptation is discussed.

scholarly journals Severe violations of independence in response inhibition tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. eabf4355
Author(s):  
Patrick G. Bissett ◽  
Henry M. Jones ◽  
Russell A. Poldrack ◽  
Gordon D. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Signal Delay ◽  
Independence Assumption ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Saccadic Responses

The stop-signal paradigm, a primary experimental paradigm for understanding cognitive control and response inhibition, rests upon the theoretical foundation of race models, which assume that a go process races independently against a stop process that occurs after a stop-signal delay (SSD). We show that severe violations of this independence assumption at short SSDs occur systematically across a wide range of conditions, including fast and slow reaction times, auditory and visual stop signals, manual and saccadic responses, and especially in selective stopping. We also reanalyze existing data and show that conclusions can change when short SSDs are excluded. Last, we suggest experimental and analysis techniques to address this violation, and propose adjustments to extant models to accommodate this finding.

Masker interaction in pure‐tone forward masking

1980 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Widin ◽  
Neal F. Viemeister
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Forward Masking
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