scholarly journals Estimates of internal templates for the detection of sequential tonal patterns

2008 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 3831-3840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Huang ◽  
Virginia M. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Tonal Patterns

scholarly journals SEQUENTIAL PHOTOGRAPHY OF COASTAL WATER

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Maynard M. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Density Control ◽  
Causal Processes ◽  
Tonal Patterns ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Digital Or

Sequential photographs from aircraft and satellites provide a source of data for studying dynamic features of coastal waters. Procedures for detecting features in sequential photos follow two approaches; (1) application of sequential signatures, (2) simple comparative analysis. For quantitative analyses images of two or more frames must have proper registration and comparable tones, i.e. tones free of photographic variance from film processing, varying exposure and solar illumination. After a normalization correction for variance is determined through use of density control points, density of successive frames is measured with a microdensitometer, the correction is a.pplied and tonal differences determined. Such differences relate to the time character of a feature and to causal processes. Application of correction values and numerical differencing is best accomplished in a digital or computerized densitometer. However, corrections and differencing can also be accomplished graphically from line traces or plots of an objective densitometer. Application of the procedures is demonstrated by analyses of tonal patterns of suspended sediment concentration in an estuary.

scholarly journals Lexical tone contrast in Izon as ubiquitous floating tone

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Rolle
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Support ◽  
Lexical Tone ◽  
Tonal Patterns ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Low Tone

This paper establishes the lexical tone contrasts in the Nigerian language Izon, focusing on evidence for floating tone. Many tonal languages show effects of floating tone, though typically in a restricted way, such as occurring with only a minority of morphemes, or restricted to certain grammatical environments. For Izon, the claim here is that all lexical items sponsor floating tone, making it ubiquitous across the lexicon and as common as pre-associated tone. The motivation for floating tone comes from the tonal patterns of morphemes in isolation and within tone groups. Based on these patterns, all lexical morphemes are placed into one of four tone classes defined according to which floating tones they end in. This paper provides extensive empirical support for this analysis and discusses several issues which emerge under ubiquitous floating tone. Issues include the principled allowance of OCP(T) violations, and the propensity for word-initial vowels and low tone to coincide.

scholarly journals Substance matters: a reply to Jardine (2016)

Phonology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Pater
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Constraint Set ◽  
Tonal Patterns ◽  
Formal Distinction

Jardine (2016) claims that tonal phonology is more formally complex than the phonology of other segmental features, in that only tonal phonology goes beyond the class of weakly deterministic maps. He then goes on to argue that this formal distinction is superior to any available treatment in Optimality Theory. This reply points out that Jardine's formal distinction conflates attested and unattested tonal patterns, which can be distinguished in Optimality Theory, given a substantively defined constraint set.

Whitening fossils for photographic purposes

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 342-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney M. Feldmann
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
False Information ◽  
Tonal Pattern ◽  
Tonal Patterns ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Topographic Relief

The purpose of photographing fossils for study and for publication is to provide information regarding the morphology of the fossil. Typically, this morphology is expressed as topographic relief. Tonal patterns and color rarely serve to enhance the expression of morphology and may, instead, provide false information. As a result, it is desirable typically to eliminate, or reduce, the effects of variations in tonal pattern over the surface to be photographed to emphasize aspects of relief of the specimen and, therefore, actual expressions of morphology. Furthermore, uncoated specimens may be lustrous so that lighting the specimen for photography may produce undesirable highlights. A simple, and non-destructive, technique for whitening fossil specimens involves the application of ammonium chloride sublimate to the surface of the specimen (Figure 1). This coating is non-destructive, produces a uniform, nonlustrous white surface that enhances detail, and can be readily removed without damage to the specimen.

scholarly journals The base of Korean noun paradigms

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngah Do ◽  
Chiyuki Ito ◽  
Michael Kenstowicz
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Tonal Pattern ◽  
Pattern Change ◽  
Tonal Patterns ◽  
Citation Form ◽  
Stem Shape

This paper reports and analyzes the tonal patterns that emerge in South Kyengsang monosyllabic nouns that exhibit two well-known analogical changes in stem shape, one involving coronal obstruent codas and the other stems with an underlying cluster. By the first change, underlying and orthographic /nach/ ‘face’ inflects as nat̚, nach-ɨl (conservative) or nas-ɨl (innovative); and by the second underlying /talk/ ‘chicken’ inflects as tak̚, talk-ɨl (conservative) or tak-ɨl (innovative). We find that many such nouns with a high-low tonal pattern change to high-high when inflected with the segmentally innovative stem. We propose that this tonal change supports the model of Korean noun paradigms proposed in Albright (2008) and Do (2013) in which the citation form serves as the base for the construction of the suffixed forms. If the base is a neutralization site, then learners select the alternant in which they have the greatest confidence of scoring a correct hit when undoing the neutralization.

Factors in the discrimination of tonal patterns. I. Component frequency, temporal position, and silent intervals

1975 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1175-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Watson ◽  
Henry W. Wroton ◽  
William J. Kelly ◽  
Carole A. Benbassat
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Position ◽  
Tonal Patterns

Melodic and Nonmelodic Sequences of Tones: Effects of Duration on Perception

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Warren ◽  
Daniel A. Gardner ◽  
Bradley S. Brubaker ◽  
James A. Bashford,
Keyword(s):  
Item Recognition ◽  
Tonal Patterns ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
Perceptual Limits

Familiar melodic phrases were played repetitively with note durations ranging from 40 msec to 3.6 sec. Recognition required note durations approximating those normally used for playing melodic themes (roughly 150 msec to 1 sec per note). Additional experiments with nonmelodic sequences of tones indicated that different rules applied for nonmelodic patterns: Permuted orders of the same items could be distinguished from each other at all durations employed (10 msec to 5 sec per item). Recognition of different arrangements occurred not only when each tone differed in pitch, but also when all tones had the same pitch but differed in timbre. It was concluded that the durational limits for melodic recognition are not based on perceptual limits applicable to tonal patterns in general, but rather reflect special rules governing melodic organization. Hypotheses concerning the bases for these rules are suggested.

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