Melodic and Nonmelodic Sequences of Tones: Effects of Duration on Perception

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Warren ◽  
Daniel A. Gardner ◽  
Bradley S. Brubaker ◽  
James A. Bashford,
Keyword(s):  
Item Recognition ◽  
Tonal Patterns ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
Perceptual Limits

Familiar melodic phrases were played repetitively with note durations ranging from 40 msec to 3.6 sec. Recognition required note durations approximating those normally used for playing melodic themes (roughly 150 msec to 1 sec per note). Additional experiments with nonmelodic sequences of tones indicated that different rules applied for nonmelodic patterns: Permuted orders of the same items could be distinguished from each other at all durations employed (10 msec to 5 sec per item). Recognition of different arrangements occurred not only when each tone differed in pitch, but also when all tones had the same pitch but differed in timbre. It was concluded that the durational limits for melodic recognition are not based on perceptual limits applicable to tonal patterns in general, but rather reflect special rules governing melodic organization. Hypotheses concerning the bases for these rules are suggested.

Tests of a model for source and item recognition memory

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Hautus ◽  
Caren M. Rotello ◽  
Neil A. MacMillan
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Item Recognition

Cue Asymmetry in Source Discrimination Versus Item Recognition

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Dobbins ◽  
Daniel McCarthy ◽  
Sanghoon Han
Keyword(s):  
Item Recognition ◽  
Source Discrimination ◽  
Versus Item

The Necessity and Ways of Legitimation of Large-scale Private Property in Russia: Raising a Problem

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-26
Author(s):  
G. Yavlinsky
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Russian People ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
Economic Assets

Results of privatization campaign in 1990’s continue to meet strong opposition from a very considerable part of Russian people and authorities actually refuse to consider the rights of private owners legitimate and not subject to violation. One of the reasons for this, besides historical tradition, is a specific nature of Russian privatization of 1990’s. The article brings to discussion a set of measures aimed at overcoming its negative consequences. While insisting on the need to honor all previous government obligations and commitments, the paper proposes a one-time special tax (windfall tax) to be levied on those who benefited most from privatization deals that were not just and fair, and special rules to be set for the use and sale of economic assets of national importance. The author also considers possible ways to legitimize private property, as well as chances to achieve а broad public consensus on this issue in Russia.

Analysis of geodetic and legal documentation in the process of expropriation for roads. Krakow case study

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Anna Trembecka
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Property Value ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
The City

Abstract Amendment to the Act on special rules of preparation and implementation of investment in public roads resulted in an accelerated mode of acquisition of land for the development of roads. The decision to authorize the execution of road investment issued on its basis has several effects, i.e. determines the location of a road, approves surveying division, approves construction design and also results in acquisition of a real property by virtue of law by the State Treasury or local government unit, among others. The conducted study revealed that over 3 years, in this mode, the city of Krakow has acquired 31 hectares of land intended for the implementation of road investments. Compensation is determined in separate proceedings based on an appraisal study estimating property value, often at a distant time after the loss of land by the owner. One reason for the lengthy compensation proceedings is challenging the proposed amount of compensation, unregulated legal status of the property as well as imprecise legislation. It is important to properly develop geodetic and legal documentation which accompanies the application for issuance of the decision and is also used in compensation proceedings.

scholarly journals Empirical Insights from a Study on Outlier Preserving Value Generalization in Animated Choropleth Maps

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Christoph Traun ◽  
Manuela Larissa Schreyer ◽  
Gudrun Wallentin
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
First Order ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
Temporal Generalization ◽  
Perceptual Limits ◽  
Local Outlier

Time series animation of choropleth maps easily exceeds our perceptual limits. In this empirical research, we investigate the effect of local outlier preserving value generalization of animated choropleth maps on the ability to detect general trends and local deviations thereof. Comparing generalization in space, in time, and in a combination of both dimensions, value smoothing based on a first order spatial neighborhood facilitated the detection of local outliers best, followed by the spatiotemporal and temporal generalization variants. We did not find any evidence that value generalization helps in detecting global trends.

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