Role of Time Integration in the Discrimination of Frequency Response Patterns

1962 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-125
Author(s):  
F. V. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Time Integration ◽  
Response Patterns

scholarly journals Quantifying Sweet Taste Liker Phenotypes: Time for Some Consistency in the Classification Criteria

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Iatridi ◽  
John Hayes ◽  
Martin Yeomans
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Sucrose Solutions ◽  
Liking Rating

Taste hedonics is a well-documented driver of food consumption. The role of sweetness in directing ingestive behavior is largely rooted in biology. One can then intuit that individual differences in sweet-liking may constitute an indicator of variations in the susceptibility to diet-related health outcomes. Despite half a century of research on sweet-liking, the best method to identify the distinct responses to sweet taste is still debated. To help resolve this issue, liking and intensity ratings for eight sucrose solutions ranging from 0 to 1 M were collected from 148 young adults (29% men). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed three response patterns: a sweet-liker (SL) phenotype characterized by a rise in liking as concentration increased, an inverted U-shaped phenotype with maximum liking at 0.25 M, and a sweet-disliker (SD) phenotype characterized by a decline in liking as a function of concentration. Based on sensitivity and specificity analyses, present data suggest the clearest discrimination between phenotypes is seen with 1.0 M sucrose, where a liking rating between −15 and +15 on a −50/+50 scale reliably distinguished individuals with an inverted U-shaped response from the SLs and the SDs. If the efficacy of this approach is confirmed in other populations, the discrimination criteria identified here can serve as the basis for a standard method for classifying sweet taste liker phenotypes in adults.

A Comparative Study of Implicit and Explicit Composite Time Integration Schemes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 2041003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wooram Kim ◽  
J. N. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Time Integration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Integration Schemes ◽  
Time Integration Schemes ◽  
Nonlinear Transient ◽  
Computational Aspects ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

In this paper, a number of recently proposed implicit and explicit composite time integration schemes are reviewed and critically evaluated. To give suitable guidelines of using them in practical transient analyses of structural problems, numerical performances of these schemes are compared through illustrative examples. Meaningful insights into computational aspects of the composite schemes are also provided. In the discussion, the role of the splitting ratio of the recent composite schemes is also investigated through a different point of view, and similarities and differences of various composite schemes are also studied. It is shown that the explicit composite scheme proposed recently by the authors can noticeably increase the efficiency and the accuracy of linear and nonlinear transient analyses when compared with other well-known composite schemes.

Reciprocity, Bullying, and International Cooperation: Time-series Analysis of the Bosnia Conflict

1997 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Goldstein ◽  
Jon C. Pevehouse
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Strategic Response ◽  
Conflict And Cooperation ◽  
Regional Conflicts ◽  
Neoliberal Institutionalism ◽  
Events Data

Although the role of reciprocity in international cooperation is central to neoliberal institutionalism, empirical understanding of the concept remains weak. We analyze strategic response patterns—the use of reciprocity or inverse response (bullying)—in the Bosnia conflict from 1992 to 1995. We construct weekly time series of conflict and cooperation among the parties to the Bosnia war, using machine-coded events data. Time-series statistical analysis identifies several important patterns of strategic response, both reciprocal and inverse. These include bilateral responses, which are central to the concepts of reciprocity and evolution of cooperation, and triangular responses, which are central to the debates on containment versus accommodation in regional conflicts. Specifically, Serb forces displayed inverse triangular response, cooperating toward Bosnia after being punished by NATO. Outside powers displayed triangular reciprocity, increasing hostility toward Serb forces after Serbian attacks on the Bosnian government.

Role of HVDC Interconnection for Improving Frequency Response in a Low Inertia Power System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid-Al-Masood ◽  
Shohana Rahman Deeba ◽  
Hasin Mussayab Ahmed ◽  
Md. Nahid Haque Shazon ◽  
Zarin Tasnim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Frequency Response

EFFECT OF VARIATIONS IN MICROPHONE COVER SHAPE AND WEARING POSITION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A HEARING-SUPPORT DEVICE MOUNTED ON EAR — SIMULATION STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 1650048
Author(s):  
HEEPYUNG KIM ◽  
KYOUNG WON NAM ◽  
JINRYOUL KIM ◽  
SUNHYUN YOOK ◽  
DONG PYO JANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Hearing Ability ◽  
Environment Model ◽  
Actual Speech ◽  
Beamforming Algorithm

Morphological and positional factors that can affect the actual performance of the hearing-support (HS) devices are utilized to support the damaged hearing ability of the sensorineural hearing-impaired persons. However, there have been few studies that demonstrated the effects of variations in such design factors on the frequency response of the device experimentally. In this study, the effect of design variations in the shape of the microphone cover on the housing and the wearing position of the device mounted on the ear on the input frequency response of the device and on the performance of an embedded beamforming algorithm were investigated using a human upper body model, a hearing aid housing model, and an acoustic environment model using computer simulation. Experimental results showed that the implemented simulator could simulate the actual acoustic situations (differences less than 5 dB in audible frequency range) and that both of the response patterns of the device and beamforming algorithm were varied in accordance with the variations in the shape of the microphone cover and the mounting position of the device on the ear. These results demonstrate the necessity of additional design and algorithm fine-tuning of each (HS) device to improve its actual speech enhancement performance.

scholarly journals Spike burst–pause dynamics of Purkinje cells regulate sensorimotor adaptation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niceto R. Luque ◽  
Francisco Naveros ◽  
Richard R. Carrillo ◽  
Eduardo Ros ◽  
Angelo Arleo
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Vestibular Nuclei ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Spike Burst ◽  
Vor Adaptation ◽  
Cell Firing ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells ◽  
Oculomotor Adaptation

AbstractCerebellar Purkinje cells mediate accurate eye movement coordination. However, it remains unclear how oculomotor adaptation depends on the interplay between the characteristic Purkinje cell response patterns, namely tonic, bursting, and spike pauses. Here, a spiking cerebellar model assesses the role of Purkinje cell firing patterns in vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) adaptation. The model captures the cerebellar microcircuit properties and it incorporates spike-based synaptic plasticity at multiple cerebellar sites. A detailed Purkinje cell model reproduces the three spike-firing patterns that are shown to regulate the cerebellar output. Our results suggest that pauses following Purkinje complex spikes (bursts) encode transient disinhibition of targeted medial vestibular nuclei, critically gating the vestibular signals conveyed by mossy fibres. This gating mechanism accounts for early and coarse VOR acquisition, prior to the late reflex consolidation. In addition, properly timed and sized Purkinje cell bursts allow the ratio between long-term depression and potentiation (LTD/LTP) to be finely shaped at mossy fibre-medial vestibular nuclei synapses, which optimises VOR consolidation. Tonic Purkinje cell firing maintains the consolidated VOR through time. Importantly, pauses are crucial to facilitate VOR phase-reversal learning, by reshaping previously learnt synaptic weight distributions. Altogether, these results predict that Purkinje spike burst-pause dynamics are instrumental to VOR learning and reversal adaptation.Author SummaryCerebellar Purkinje cells regulate accurate eye movement coordination. However, it remains unclear how cerebellar-dependent oculomotor adaptation depends on the interplay between Purkinje cell characteristic response patterns: tonic, high-frequency bursting, and post-complex spike pauses. We explore the role of Purkinje spike burst-pause dynamics in VOR adaptation. A biophysical model of Purkinje cell is at the core of a spiking network model, which captures the cerebellar microcircuit properties and incorporates spike-based synaptic plasticity mechanisms at different cerebellar sites. We show that Purkinje spike burst-pause dynamics are critical for (1) gating the vestibular-motor response association during VOR acquisition; (2) mediating the LTD/LTP balance for VOR consolidation; (3) reshaping synaptic efficacy distributions for VOR phase-reversal adaptation; (4) explaining the reversal VOR gain discontinuities during sleeping.

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