IR Detector Materials: A Technology Comparison

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S) ◽  
pp. 805-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Meyer ◽  
C A Hoffman ◽  
F J Bartoli ◽  
D A Arnold ◽  
S Sivananthan ◽  
...  

1995 ◽  
Vol 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Deb

AbstractFerroelectric relaxor thin films of lead lanthanide zirconate titanate (PLZT) (9.5/ 65/35) have been deposited by the laser ablation technique onto metallized silicon and lanthanum aluminate substrates. The dielectric and pyroelectric properties of PLZT films and their temperature dependencies have been investigated in some detail in an evaluation of their potential as prospective pyroelectric infrared (IR) detector materials. The temperature at which the dielectric constant of a PLZT film reaches its peak is different from that for the peak pyroelectric coefficient. A lower dielectric constant at which the pyroelectric peak appears contributes to a high figure of merit for PLZT films, so that it is competitive with its ceramic counterpart, as well as with Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) relaxor ferroelectric ceramic.


Author(s):  
Brennan V. Davis

Abstract The need for failure analysis from the backside of the die has introduced new challenges in device analysis applications. Standard silicon based detectors are no longer as efficient due to the absorption of emission signals by the silicon substrate, which is now in the optical path between the device and the detector. The emergence of infrared detectors has offered a solution since emissions in this regime are not attenuated. This paper will describe a comparison made between a silicon detector and two of the most common IR detector materials.


2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
G. J. BROWN ◽  
F. SZMULOWICZ ◽  
K. MAHALINGAM ◽  
A. SAXLER ◽  
R. LINVILLE ◽  
...  

New infrared (IR) detector materials with high sensitivity, multi-spectral capability, improved uniformity and lower manufacturing costs are required for numerous space-based infrared imaging applications. To meet these stringent requirements, new materials must be designed and grown using semiconductor heterostructures, such as quantum wells and superlattices, to tailor new optical and electrical properties unavailable in the current generation of materials. One of the most promising materials is a strained layer supperlattice (SLS) composed of thin InAs and GaInSb layers. While this material shows theoretical and early experimental promise, there are still several materials growth and processing issues to be addressed before this material can be transitioned to the next generation of infrared detector arrays. Our research is focused on addressing the basic materials design, growth, optical properties, and electronic transport issue of these superlattices.


1993 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dudley ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
D. J. Larson ◽  
D. Dimarzio

AbstractIt has been have demonstrated that synchrotron white beam x-ray topography can be used to characterize IR detector materials at nearly every stage in the manufacturing cycle, including: as-grown CdZnTe single crystal boules; substrate wafers cut from different positions in the boules; thin films grown on characterized wafers; and HgCdTe focal plane arraystructures. Special diffraction geometries have been developed, taking advantage of the broad wavelength spectrum, large beam size, and high intensity of the synchrotron radiation source, to enable rapid and non-destructive assessment of defect densities and strain distributions after each processing step. This diagnostic method has important implications for increasing the producibility of focal plane arrays. Boule characterization can reveal defects, grain orientation, interfaces and strains, and provides guidance for optimal slicing. Wafer characterization produces multiple topographic images, providing both defect mapping and depth profiling in a single exposure. Finally, x-ray topography of HgCdTe focal plane array test articles reveals subsurface damage not observable by optical or IR microscopy. The applicability of this technique to evaluate yield, quality, and reproducibility will be discussed.


1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2934 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bartoli ◽  
L. Esterowitz ◽  
M. Kruer ◽  
R. Allen

1986 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Allred ◽  
A. A. Khan ◽  
C. J. Johnson ◽  
N. C. Giles ◽  
J. F. Schetzina

ABSTRACTA low stress modified horizontal Bridgman technique has been developed and used to grow low defect, large area, subgrain free CdTe crystals for use as substrates in the epitaxial growth of HgCdTe and related IR detector materials. CdTe wafers cut from horizontal Bridgman grown boules exhibit, resistivities in the 107ohm-cm range. Etch pit counts are in the 104cm−2 range. Etch pit patterns as well as x-ray topographs indicate the absence of low-angle grain boundaries. Double crystal x-ray rocking curves are single peaked and very narrow with FWHM(333) as low as 9 arc-sec. Rocking curves of FWHM(333) = 9 to 15 arc-sec, measured at several different laboratories, have been obtained for CdTe wafers cut from several boules. This is in contrast to standard vertical Bridgman grown CdTe samples, which generally show broader x-ray rocking curves sometimes with multiple peaks as a result of subrgrain structure. Low temperature (1.6–4.5 K) photoluminescence (PL) measurements on these low defect samples reveal bright edge emission lines which are the main feature of the spectrum. Additional bound exciton lines and other sharp features associated with donor and acceptor impurities are also present. The very weak defect band luminescence (1.40–1.46 eV) provides additional evidence of sample quality.


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