Surface Characterization Of Grazing-Incidence Optics In The Extreme Ultraviolet And X-Ray Regions

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean M. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grazing Incidence Optics

Non-destructive surface characterization of float glass: X-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 351 (27-29) ◽  
pp. 2341-2347 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Tiwari ◽  
M.H. Modi ◽  
G.S. Lodha ◽  
A.K. Sinha ◽  
K.J.S. Sawhney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Float Glass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Destructive

Fabrication and characterization of replicated and lacquer-coated grazing incidence optics for x-ray astronomy

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melville P. Ulmer ◽  
Rudy H. Haidle ◽  
Robert I. Altkorn ◽  
P. Georgopoulos ◽  
Brian G. Rodricks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grazing Incidence Optics ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Reference-free, depth-dependent characterization of nanolayers and gradient systems with advanced grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 212 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Hönicke ◽  
Blanka Detlefs ◽  
Matthias Müller ◽  
Erik Darlatt ◽  
Emmanuel Nolot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gradient Systems

Preparation and Application of Lead Dioxide Electrode for Zinc Electrolysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 1125-1129
Author(s):  
Xiao Yong Yang ◽  
Pei Xian Zhu ◽  
Yun Sen Si
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Lead Dioxide ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Zinc Smelter ◽  
Lead Dioxide Electrode

According to the process of anodic oxygen evolution in sulfate system for zinc electrolysis,Ti-base lead dioxide electrode can be prepared to use in this case.The surface characterization of the electrode was studied by Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The electrode lifetime was tested in 1mol/L H2SO4solution at 60°C,and the electro-catalytic properties was examined by polarization curves.Then these samples was enlarged and simulation test was conducted at Mengzi marriage zinc smelter in Yunnan.The results show that the electro-catalytic properties is better and the electrodes lifetime is longer compared to the traditional lead electrode.Moreover,it has a significant effect in reducing energy consumption, manufacturing cost and improving the production and grade of zinc.

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