Photon Counting Reticon System-Description And Performance

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Jorden ◽  
P. D. Read ◽  
I. G. vanBreda
Keyword(s):  
Photon Counting ◽  
System Description ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Noise and Breakdown Characterization of SPAD Detectors with Time-Gated Photon-Counting Operation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5287
Author(s):  
Hiwa Mahmoudi ◽  
Michael Hofbauer ◽  
Bernhard Goll ◽  
Horst Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Dark Count ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Noise Models

Being ready-to-detect over a certain portion of time makes the time-gated single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) an attractive candidate for low-noise photon-counting applications. A careful SPAD noise and performance characterization, however, is critical to avoid time-consuming experimental optimization and redesign iterations for such applications. Here, we present an extensive empirical study of the breakdown voltage, as well as the dark-count and afterpulsing noise mechanisms for a fully integrated time-gated SPAD detector in 0.35-μm CMOS based on experimental data acquired in a dark condition. An “effective” SPAD breakdown voltage is introduced to enable efficient characterization and modeling of the dark-count and afterpulsing probabilities with respect to the excess bias voltage and the gating duration time. The presented breakdown and noise models will allow for accurate modeling and optimization of SPAD-based detector designs, where the SPAD noise can impose severe trade-offs with speed and sensitivity as is shown via an example.

Construction and performance of a scanning, photon‐counting spectrofluorometer

1976 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1034-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Jameson ◽  
R. D. Spencer ◽  
G. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Photon Counting ◽  
And Performance

Time-Correlated Raman and Fluorescence Spectroscopy Based on a Silicon Photomultiplier and Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunling Zhang ◽  
Liying Zhang ◽  
Ru Yang ◽  
Kun Liang ◽  
Dejun Han
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Sers Spectrum ◽  
Silicon Photomultiplier ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Fluorescence

We report a time-correlated Raman spectroscopy technique based on a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) and a time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) technique to exploit the natural temporal separation between Raman and fluorescence phenomena to alleviate the high fluorescence background with conventional Raman detection. The TCSPC technique employed can greatly reduce the effect of high dark count rate (DCR) and crosstalk of SiPM that seriously hinder its application in low light level detection. The operating principle and performance of the 400 ps time resolution system are discussed along with the improvement of the peak-to-background ratio (PBR) for bulk trinitrotoluene (TNT) Raman spectrum relative to a commercial Raman spectrometer with charge coupled device (CCD). The fluorescence lifetime for solid TNT and Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectrum for 10−6 mol/L trace TNT have also been obtained by this system, showing excellent versatility and convenience in spectroscopy measurement.

scholarly journals The Hvee 14C System at Groningen

Radiocarbon ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Gottdang ◽  
Dirk J. W. Mous ◽  
Johannes Van Der Plicht
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
System Description ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometer ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Voltage Engineering ◽  
New Generation

Since May 1994, a new-generation accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) has been fully operational at the Centre for Isotope Research in Groningen, The Netherlands. The fully automated and high-throughput accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) system, manufactured by High Voltage Engineering Europa (HVEE) is dedicated to radiocarbon analysis. The HVEE 4130 14C AMS is able to analyze up to 3000 samples per year. The system is characterized by simultaneous transport of all three isotopes (12C, 13C, 14C) and 14C analysis with a precision below 0.5 pMC and a daily stability below 0.5 pMC. We present here a system description together with stability and performance measurements.

scholarly journals The Quaternary Isotope Laboratory Thermal Diffusion Enrichment System: Description and Performance

Radiocarbon ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter M Grootes ◽  
Minze Stuiver
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Thermal Diffusion ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Sample Mass ◽  
System Description ◽  
Wire Temperature ◽  
In Series ◽  
Equilibrium Separation ◽  
And Performance

The thermal diffusion enrichment system of the Quaternary Isotope Laboratory consists of 23 hot wire columns of 3m effective length combined to 2 separate systems of 3 and 3 separate systems of 4 columns at the top, each system in series with 1 bottom column. From ≈ 130 L NTP of CO (∼ 65g of carbon) it produces ≈ 8 L NTP of CO (~ 4g of carbon) enriched in12C18O by a factor 6 to 7 and in14C16O by a factor 7 to 8 in about 5 weeks. For12C18O the system has a theoretical equilibrium separation factor of about 250 and a theoretical equilibrium enrichment of about 15. For14C16O these values are 1300 and 16, respectively. The dependence of thermal diffusion transport on gas exchange between top and bottom section and between columns and reservoirs and on wire temperature is given. Forced gas exchange and a higher wire temperature gave a more rapidly increasing enrichment without substantially increasing its final value of 6 to 7 for12C18O. A comparison with the Groningen enrichment system shows that the two systems behave very similarly and that not the system geometry but individual column parameters and the ratio total sample mass/enriched sample mass are the dominant factors determining the enrichment.

Control system description and performance of a phased array telescope

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Tipton ◽  
Joseph A. Meinhardt ◽  
Mohammad Jamshidi
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
System Description ◽  
And Performance
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