Construction and performance of a scanning, photon‐counting spectrofluorometer

1976 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1034-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Jameson ◽  
R. D. Spencer ◽  
G. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Photon Counting ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Noise and Breakdown Characterization of SPAD Detectors with Time-Gated Photon-Counting Operation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5287
Author(s):  
Hiwa Mahmoudi ◽  
Michael Hofbauer ◽  
Bernhard Goll ◽  
Horst Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Dark Count ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Noise Models

Being ready-to-detect over a certain portion of time makes the time-gated single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) an attractive candidate for low-noise photon-counting applications. A careful SPAD noise and performance characterization, however, is critical to avoid time-consuming experimental optimization and redesign iterations for such applications. Here, we present an extensive empirical study of the breakdown voltage, as well as the dark-count and afterpulsing noise mechanisms for a fully integrated time-gated SPAD detector in 0.35-μm CMOS based on experimental data acquired in a dark condition. An “effective” SPAD breakdown voltage is introduced to enable efficient characterization and modeling of the dark-count and afterpulsing probabilities with respect to the excess bias voltage and the gating duration time. The presented breakdown and noise models will allow for accurate modeling and optimization of SPAD-based detector designs, where the SPAD noise can impose severe trade-offs with speed and sensitivity as is shown via an example.

Time-Correlated Raman and Fluorescence Spectroscopy Based on a Silicon Photomultiplier and Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunling Zhang ◽  
Liying Zhang ◽  
Ru Yang ◽  
Kun Liang ◽  
Dejun Han
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Sers Spectrum ◽  
Silicon Photomultiplier ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Fluorescence

We report a time-correlated Raman spectroscopy technique based on a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) and a time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) technique to exploit the natural temporal separation between Raman and fluorescence phenomena to alleviate the high fluorescence background with conventional Raman detection. The TCSPC technique employed can greatly reduce the effect of high dark count rate (DCR) and crosstalk of SiPM that seriously hinder its application in low light level detection. The operating principle and performance of the 400 ps time resolution system are discussed along with the improvement of the peak-to-background ratio (PBR) for bulk trinitrotoluene (TNT) Raman spectrum relative to a commercial Raman spectrometer with charge coupled device (CCD). The fluorescence lifetime for solid TNT and Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectrum for 10−6 mol/L trace TNT have also been obtained by this system, showing excellent versatility and convenience in spectroscopy measurement.

Photon Counting Reticon System-Description And Performance

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Jorden ◽  
P. D. Read ◽  
I. G. vanBreda
Keyword(s):  
Photon Counting ◽  
System Description ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Developments in optics and performance at BL13-XALOC, the macromolecular crystallography beamline at the Alba Synchrotron

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Juanhuix ◽  
Fernando Gil-Ortiz ◽  
Guifré Cuní ◽  
Carles Colldelram ◽  
Josep Nicolás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photon Counting ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Macromolecular Crystallography ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Photon Counting Detector ◽  
Sample Position ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
Operation Flexibility

BL13-XALOC is currently the only macromolecular crystallography beamline at the 3 GeV ALBA synchrotron near Barcelona, Spain. The optics design is based on an in-vacuum undulator, a Si(111) channel-cut crystal monochromator and a pair of KB mirrors. It allows three main operation modes: a focused configuration, where both mirrors can focus the beam at the sample position to 52 µm × 5.5 µm FWHM (H × V); a defocused configuration that can match the size of the beam to the dimensions of the crystals or to focus the beam at the detector; and an unfocused configuration, where one or both mirrors are removed from the photon beam path. To achieve a uniform defocused beam, the slope errors of the mirrors were reduced down to 55 nrad RMS by employing a novel method that has been developed at the ALBA high-accuracy metrology laboratory. Thorough commissioning with X-ray beam and user operation has demonstrated an excellent energy and spatial stability of the beamline. The end-station includes a high-accuracy single-axis diffractometer, a removable mini-kappa stage, an automated sample-mounting robot and a photon-counting detector that allows shutterless operation. The positioning tables of the diffractometer and the detector are based on a novel and highly stable design. This equipment, together with the operation flexibility of the beamline, allows a large variety of types of crystals to be tackled, from medium-sized crystals with large unit-cell parameters to microcrystals. Several examples of data collections measured during beamline commissioning are described. The beamline started user operation on 18 July 2012.

scholarly journals Polarization Raman Lidar for Atmospheric Monitoring in the Vipava Valley

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 02029
Author(s):  
Longlong Wang ◽  
Samo Stanič ◽  
William Eichinger ◽  
Xiaoquan Song ◽  
Marko Zavrtanik
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Atmospheric Monitoring ◽  
Counting Data ◽  
And Performance

We report on the design, construction and performance of a polarization Raman lidar, built for atmospheric monitoring in the Vipava valley in SW Slovenia, a regional air pollution hot-spot where aerosols are expected to originate from a number of different sources. Its key features are automatized remote operation capability and indoor deployment, which provide high duty cycle in all weather conditions. System optimization and performance studies include the calibration of the depolarization ratio, merging of near-range (analog) and far-range (photon-counting) data, determination of overlap functions and validation of the retrieved observables with radiosonde data.

Channel model and performance analysis of long-range deep sea wireless photon-counting communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 473 ◽  
pp. 125989
Author(s):  
Jun Huang ◽  
Guanhua Wen ◽  
Jiansheng Dai ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Jianyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Photon counting schemes and performance of non-deterministic nonlinear gates in linear optics

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Bartlett ◽  
E. Diamanti ◽  
Barry C. Sanders ◽  
Yoshihisa Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Photon Counting ◽  
Linear Optics ◽  
And Performance
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