Research on the detection system of liquid concentration base on birefringence light transmission method

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianze Li ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Luan Hou ◽  
Chuan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Liquid Concentration

scholarly journals Preferential flow systems amended with biogeochemical components: imaging of a two-dimensional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2487-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley R. Pales ◽  
Biting Li ◽  
Heather M. Clifford ◽  
Shyla Kupis ◽  
Nimisha Edayilam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Unstable Flow ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
Soil Component ◽  
Finger Width ◽  
Plant Exudates ◽  
Soil Components

Abstract. The vadose zone is a highly interactive heterogeneous system through which water enters the subsurface system by infiltration. This paper details the effects of simulated plant exudate and soil component solutions upon unstable flow patterns in a porous medium (ASTM silica sand; US Silica, Ottawa, IL, USA) through the use of two-dimensional tank light transmission method (LTM). The contact angle (θ) and surface tension (γ) of two simulated plant exudate solutions (i.e., oxalate and citrate) and two soil component solutions (i.e., tannic acid and Suwannee River natural organic matter, SRNOM) were analyzed to determine the liquid–gas and liquid–solid interface characteristics of each. To determine if the unstable flow formations were dependent on the type and concentration of the simulated plant exudates and soil components, the analysis of the effects of the simulated plant exudate and soil component solutions were compared to a control solution (Hoagland nutrient solution with 0.01 M NaCl). Fingering flow patterns, vertical and horizontal water saturation profiles, water saturation at the fingertips, finger dimensions and velocity, and number of fingers were obtained using the light transmission method. Significant differences in the interface properties indicated a decrease between the control and the plant exudate and soil component solutions tested; specifically, the control (θ= 64.5∘ and γ= 75.75 mN m−1) samples exhibited a higher contact angle and surface tension than the low concentration of citrate (θ= 52.6∘ and γ= 70.8 mN m−1). Wetting front instability and fingering flow phenomena were reported in all infiltration experiments. The results showed that the plant exudates and soil components influenced the soil infiltration as differences in finger geometries, velocities, and water saturation profiles were detected when compared to the control. Among the tested solutions and concentrations of soil components, the largest finger width (10.19 cm) was generated by the lowest tannic acid solution concentration (0.1 mg L−1), and the lowest finger width (6.00 cm) was induced by the highest SRNOM concentration (10 mg L−1). Similarly, for the plant exudate solutions, the largest finger width (8.36 cm) was generated by the lowest oxalate solution concentration (0.1 mg L−1), and the lowest finger width (6.63 cm) was induced by the lowest citrate concentration (0.1 mg L−1). The control solution produced fingers with average width of 8.30 cm. Additionally, the wettability of the medium for the citrate, oxalate, and SRNOM solutions increased with an increase in concentration. Our research demonstrates that the plant exudates and soil components which are biochemical compounds produced and released in soil are capable of influencing the process of infiltration in soils. The results of this research also indicate that soil wettability, expressed as (cos θ)1∕2, should be included in the scaling of the finger dimension, i.e., finger width, when using the Miller and Miller (1956) scaling theory for the scaling of flow in porous media.

scholarly journals Development of a fire detection and suppression system for a smart air cargo container

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (1283) ◽  
pp. 205-222
Author(s):  
Q. Zhang ◽  
Y.C. Wang ◽  
C. Soutis ◽  
M. Gresil
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Air Cargo ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Cargo Container ◽  
Suppression System

ABSTRACTThis study investigates and proposes a fire detection and suppression system for a smart air cargo container. A series of smoke spread and fire evolution numerical models are executed to assess the performance of container-based fire detection in various fire scenarios. This is to identify the worst case and optimise the location and threshold setting of fire detection sensors, achieving the shortest detection time. It is found that the fire detection threshold (reduction in light transmission = 12%/ft) for a container-based system can be set at three times the standard activation threshold for a cargo-based fire detection system, which can reduce the number of false alarms by three orders of magnitude. Moreover, effectiveness analysis of passive fire protection for the glass fibre-reinforced polymer-made smart container indicates an allowable leakage size of 0.01m2. The risk of internal overpressure has been found to be negligible for the leakage size required by aircraft pressure equalisation.

Fabric Defect Detection Using Wavelet-Enhanced Single-Point Photoelectric Sensing System

2012 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 497-504
Author(s):  
Shun Cong Zhong ◽  
Qiu Kun Zhang ◽  
Li Gang Yao ◽  
Yao Chun Shen
Keyword(s):  
Defect Detection ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Fabric Defect Detection ◽  
Noise Rate ◽  
Fabric Defect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Defect Signal

A fabric defect detection system based on single-point photoelectric sensing, was proposed and developed. The performance of the system was enhanced by using wavelet denoising algorithm to reduce the negative effect of noise and the environment disturb, such as fluorescent light in the factory. Instead of detection of light reflection from fabric, a light transmission technique with higher signal-to-noise rate was employed in the system for evaluating the fabric defect. A Si photodiode was used to record the defect signal of fabric. The signal was enhanced by stationary wavelet transform. The signal was quantitatively evaluated and finally a defect alarm was triggered. From the experimental results, the timeliness, robustness and detection precision of the system were demonstrated, therefore, it could be recommended for the applications in fabric industries.

Monitoring of blood sedimentation by a multiplexed light transmission method

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 044301
Author(s):  
Cesar Cab-Cauich ◽  
Juan J. Alvarado-Gil ◽  
Olga L. Leaños-Castañeda
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Blood Sedimentation

Examination of the relation between red blood cell aggregation and hematocrit in human and various experimental animals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Barbara Barath ◽  
Viktoria Somogyi ◽  
Bence Tanczos ◽  
Adam Varga ◽  
Zsuzsanna Bereczky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Light Reflection ◽  
Reflection Method ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Autologous Plasma ◽  
Rbc Aggregation

BACKGROUND: Red blood cell (RBC) aggregation plays an important role in the physiological processes of the microcirculation. The complete mechanism of aggregation is still unclear, and it is influenced by several cellular and plasmatic factors. One of these factors is the hematocrit (Hct). OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that the relation of RBC aggregation and Hct differs between species. METHODS: From anticoagulated blood samples of healthy volunteers, rats, dogs, and pigs, 20, 40, and 60 %Hct RBC, autologous plasma suspensions were prepared. Hematological parameters and RBC aggregation was determined by light-transmission and light-reflection method. RESULTS: Suspensions at 20%and 60%Hct expressed lower RBC aggregation than of 40%Hct suspensions, showing inter-species differences. By curve fitting the Hct at the highest aggregation value differed in species (human: 45.25%- M 5 s, 40.86%- amp;rat: 44.44 %- M1 10 s, 39.37%- amp; dog: 42.48%- M 5 s, 44.29%- amp; pig: 47.63%- M 5 s, 52.8%- amp). CONCLUSION: RBC aggregation - hematocrit relation shows inter-species differences. Human blood was found to be the most sensitive for hematocrit changes. The more obvious differences could be detected by M 5 s by light-transmission method and amplitude parameter using light-reflection method.

scholarly journals Analisis Kualitas Perairan Bolaang Mongondow, Sulawesi Utara Berdasarkan Parameter Fisika-Kimia Air Laut

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Simon I. Patty ◽  
Fione Yukita Yalindua ◽  
Putri Sapira Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Coast Line ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Phosphate Nitrate

Bolaang Mongondow waters in North Sulawesi is very important estuarine waters due to both land and ocean influenced oceanographic conditions. Observations of water quality along Bolaang Mongondow coast-line have been carried out in February 2019. This study aim to analyze the quality of sea water based on the physico-chemical parameters of Bolaang Mongondow waters. The parameters observed includes temperature, the clarity of water, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), phosphate, nitrate and PH. Samplings were conducted using Nansen tube on the surface layer (0-1 m) and near the bottom (> 15 m) on 9 research stations along Bolaang Mongondow coast-line. Measurements of temperature, salinity, brightness and pH are carried out in situ. Dissolved oxygen was measured via electrochemical method using AZ 8563 DO meter. Phosphate and nitrate were analyzed according to the light transmission method by using the 'Nicolet Evolution 100' spectrophotometer. The results obtained are water temperature ranging from 28.6-29.3 oC; salinity 28.0-32.5 o/oo; water clarity of 7.0-14.5 m; pH 7.36-7.80; dissolved oxygen 4.83-6.41 ppm; phosphate 0,005-0,0230 mg/l and nitrate 0,005-0,0090 mg/l. The statistical analysis using t-test showed that phosphate and dissolved oxygen in the water surface and close to the bottom of water were significantly different (t-hit> t-tab). The calculated index poluion calculation shows that the waters of Bolaang Mongondow ranged between unpolluted and lightly polluted. Variations in temperature, water clarity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrate and pH obtained in this study are still adequate to sustain marine life. Perairan Bolaang Mongondow, Sulawesi Utara adalah perairan estuari yang mempunyai peran penting karena kondisi  oseanografi dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas yang di berasal dari daratan maupun laut. Pengamatan kualitas air laut di wilayah perairan Bolaang Mongondow telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari 2019. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengukur kualitas perairan berdasarkan parameter fisik-kimia air laut. Parameter yang diteliti meliputi suhu, salinitas, kecerahan, oksigen terlarut, fosfat, nitrat, dan pH . Sampel air laut diambil menggunakan tabung Nansen pada lapisan kedalaman permukaan air (0-1 m) dan perairan yang mendekati dasar (> 15 m) pada 9 stasiun penelitian. Pengukuran suhu, kecerahan, salinitas dan pH dilakukan secara langsung di lapangan. Pengukuran oksigen terlarut, fosfat dan nitrat dilakukan di laboratorium dengan metode elektrokimia menggunakan DO meter AZ-8563. Untuk oksigen terlarut dan metode transmisi cahaya dengan alat spektrofotometer ‘Nicolet Evolution 100’ untuk fosfat dan nitrat.  Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu suhu air berkisar antara 28,6-29,3 oC; salinitas 28,0-32,5 o/oo; kecerahan 7,0-14,5 m; pH 7,36-7,80; oksigen terlarut 4,83-6,41 ppm; fosfat 0,005-0,0230 mg/l dan nitrat 0,005-0,0090 mg/l. Oksigen terlarut dan fosfat yang terdapat di permukaan dan dekat dasar laut menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata (t-hit>t-tab) dengan menggunakan analisis uji t. Berdasarkan nilai indeks pencemaran menunjukkan perairan Bolaang Mongondow berada dalam kondisi baik hingga tercemar ringan. Variasi suhu, kecerahan, salinitas,  oksigen terlarut, fosfat, nitrat dan PH yang diperoleh masih berada dalam kisaran angka normal untuk kehidupan biota laut.

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