Biogeochemical carbon transformations in a drained coastal peatland of the southern Baltic Sea: An isotope and trace element perspective

<p>Peatlands serve as important ecosystems since they store a substantial fraction of global soil carbon. Through draining the internal biogeochemical processes may be changed impacting the transformation of stored carbon and plant material. Pristine peatlands are primarily associated with methanogenic and iron-cycling conditions, however, minor sulfur cycling may contribute to carbon mineralization in these ecosystems depending on the amount of atmospheric sulfur deposition and accumulation. In near coastal peatlands the element budget may be altered through natural or artificial flooding by brackish/marine waters. When introducing sulfate-bearing solutions, the concentrations of electron acceptors for anaerobic mineralization or organic matter increase when compared to fresh water conditions. The investigated area is planned to be flooded by Baltic Sea coastal waters in the near future.</p><p>Here we present results from a study from a drained peatland located in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. In the past the area was agriculturally used as grassland. Soil cores were retrieved along a transect perpendicular to the coast line for (isotope) biogeochemical analyses of pore water and solid phases. Analyses included the CNS composition of soils, and dissolved major elements, nutrients, sulphide, trace metals and stable isotopes of water, DIC, and sulfate (H, O, C, S). Furthermore, acid-extractions of metals were carried out to identify zones of dissolution and formation of authigenic phases. For quantification of microbial sulphate reduction rates (SRR) additional cores were retrieved and SRR were measured in whole-core incubations.<span> </span></p><p>The pore water isotopic composition is close to the local meteoric water line at the German Baltic Seas coast line. Concentration and stable isotope composition of DIC indicate mineralization of C3 type organic matter. Pore water trace metals content indicates the importance of anaerobic mineralization for release of metals into the pore and surface waters.</p><p> </p><p>Acknowledgement: This study is supported by the DFG research training group BALTIC TRANSCOAST and Leibniz IOW.</p>

Analisis Kualitas Perairan Bolaang Mongondow, Sulawesi Utara Berdasarkan Parameter Fisika-Kimia Air Laut

Bolaang Mongondow waters in North Sulawesi is very important estuarine waters due to both land and ocean influenced oceanographic conditions. Observations of water quality along Bolaang Mongondow coast-line have been carried out in February 2019. This study aim to analyze the quality of sea water based on the physico-chemical parameters of Bolaang Mongondow waters. The parameters observed includes temperature, the clarity of water, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), phosphate, nitrate and PH. Samplings were conducted using Nansen tube on the surface layer (0-1 m) and near the bottom (> 15 m) on 9 research stations along Bolaang Mongondow coast-line. Measurements of temperature, salinity, brightness and pH are carried out in situ. Dissolved oxygen was measured via electrochemical method using AZ 8563 DO meter. Phosphate and nitrate were analyzed according to the light transmission method by using the 'Nicolet Evolution 100' spectrophotometer. The results obtained are water temperature ranging from 28.6-29.3 oC; salinity 28.0-32.5 o/oo; water clarity of 7.0-14.5 m; pH 7.36-7.80; dissolved oxygen 4.83-6.41 ppm; phosphate 0,005-0,0230 mg/l and nitrate 0,005-0,0090 mg/l. The statistical analysis using t-test showed that phosphate and dissolved oxygen in the water surface and close to the bottom of water were significantly different (t-hit> t-tab). The calculated index poluion calculation shows that the waters of Bolaang Mongondow ranged between unpolluted and lightly polluted. Variations in temperature, water clarity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrate and pH obtained in this study are still adequate to sustain marine life. Perairan Bolaang Mongondow, Sulawesi Utara adalah perairan estuari yang mempunyai peran penting karena kondisi oseanografi dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas yang di berasal dari daratan maupun laut. Pengamatan kualitas air laut di wilayah perairan Bolaang Mongondow telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari 2019. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengukur kualitas perairan berdasarkan parameter fisik-kimia air laut. Parameter yang diteliti meliputi suhu, salinitas, kecerahan, oksigen terlarut, fosfat, nitrat, dan pH . Sampel air laut diambil menggunakan tabung Nansen pada lapisan kedalaman permukaan air (0-1 m) dan perairan yang mendekati dasar (> 15 m) pada 9 stasiun penelitian. Pengukuran suhu, kecerahan, salinitas dan pH dilakukan secara langsung di lapangan. Pengukuran oksigen terlarut, fosfat dan nitrat dilakukan di laboratorium dengan metode elektrokimia menggunakan DO meter AZ-8563. Untuk oksigen terlarut dan metode transmisi cahaya dengan alat spektrofotometer ‘Nicolet Evolution 100’ untuk fosfat dan nitrat. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu suhu air berkisar antara 28,6-29,3 oC; salinitas 28,0-32,5 o/oo; kecerahan 7,0-14,5 m; pH 7,36-7,80; oksigen terlarut 4,83-6,41 ppm; fosfat 0,005-0,0230 mg/l dan nitrat 0,005-0,0090 mg/l. Oksigen terlarut dan fosfat yang terdapat di permukaan dan dekat dasar laut menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata (t-hit>t-tab) dengan menggunakan analisis uji t. Berdasarkan nilai indeks pencemaran menunjukkan perairan Bolaang Mongondow berada dalam kondisi baik hingga tercemar ringan. Variasi suhu, kecerahan, salinitas, oksigen terlarut, fosfat, nitrat dan PH yang diperoleh masih berada dalam kisaran angka normal untuk kehidupan biota laut.

Italy, Switzerland, and Home

This chapter details Anna Botsford and John Henry Comstock's trip to Italy and Switzerland. The Comstocks went from Greece to Sicily on the German steamship “Baiern,” reaching Taormina on March 8, 1908. It was the most picturesque town they had ever visited, and Aetna seemed to them the most beautiful mountain they had ever seen. They then registered in the Berlitz School for instruction in the Italian language. On one of their last days in Taormina, they climbed Mt. Venere, from the heights of which they had a view of chaotic mountain ranges and peaks, a long coast line, and a blue sea. From Taormina, they traveled to Sorrento, Amalfi, Pompeii, Rome, and Venice. They also went to the Entomological Experiment Station in Florence. After their visits to Verona, Turin, and Bellagio, they were tired and found Locarno a good point for resting. On June 10, the Comstocks took the train for St. Gotthard tunnel.

Optimalisasi Potensi Pariwisata dan Lingkungan Melalui Program Pendidikan, Kesehatan, dan Pemberdayaan

<p><em>Buku Limau village is located at Belitung Timu</em><em>r</em><em> district. This village is one out of 18 remoted villages which located in one region of Bangka Belitung Province. Buku Limau village is also one out of three villages which are populated by the people. One of the greatest potential of this village is tourism, which have a very lovey beaches all along the coast line. However, it seems that they do not have an adequate number of human resources. The purpose of this students community service programme is to increase the awereness of Buku Limau people in several important aspects, namely: education, tourism, well-being based on local wisdom. In order to increase those several aspects, the students will held several comunnity job, namely: first aid training, training and education for tourism human resources. These several community service will helped the people of Buku Limau to increase their wealth and boost the tourism programme. </em></p>

The crustal structure in the transition from the on land fold-and-thrust belt to the offshore accretionary prism in the Taiwan arc-continent collision

&lt;p&gt;The region of Taiwan is undergoing active, oblique arc-continent colision between the Luzon Arc on the Philippine Sea Plate and the continental margin of Eurasia. The Fold-and-Thrust Belt (FTB) in Taiwan passes southwards into a submarine accretionary wedge at the Manila subduction zone. The aim of this contribution is to examine how an on land FTB changes into a marine accretionary prism in the context of an oblique arc-continent collision. The Miocene pre-orogenic sediments of the continental margin are widespread in the FTB ca. 23&amp;#176; latitude while the offshore wedge is built up dominantly by Pliocene to recent syn-orogenic sediments. In the transition area from the marine accretionary wedge ca. 21&amp;#176; latitude to the on land FTB, the thrust wedge is climbing up the slope of the Eurasian continental margin. The deformation front is at sea floor depth of ca. 4 km in the south to less than 1 km as it reaches the coast line. Here we use the island surface geology, marine reflection seismic profiles, and seismic tomography models to construct contour maps of the basal thrust and the depth to the Moho across a transition area from near 23&amp;#176; to near 21&amp;#176; latitude. In this zone, the deformation front draws a convex curvature as the wedge widens from ca. 50 in the north and south, to more than 130 km near 22&amp;#176; latitude. The basal thrust surface shows a scoop shape as its dip changes from southeast near the coast line to east southward. The basal thrust reaches over 7 km deep beneath the rear of the FTB before ramping into de basement and merging into the Chaochou fault at 10 km depth. Offshore, it shows a gentler dip from 7 km to c. 10 km depth before getting steeper towards the east below the Hengchung Ridge. The basal cuts laterally along-strike through the margin&amp;#8217;s sedimentary cover to incorporate thicker Miocene pre-orogenic sediments onto its hanging wall as it passes from the offshore wedge to the on land FTB.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the offshore area, the Moho (we use a Vp proxy of 7.5 km/s extracted from the seismic tomography) shallows southeastward, from near 25 km depth below the shelf slope break to less than 17 km depth below the offshore wedge near 21.5&amp;#176; latitude before it starts to deep east towards beneath the Taiwan coast. The Moho dips northeast from near 25 km depth below the coast near Kaohsiung, to near 40 depth below the rear of the FTB at 23.5&amp;#176;, latitude. This complex morphology of the Moho may be related to the changes in crustal thickness and the obliquity of the collision. Because of this, crustal thickening is less pronounced beneath southern Taiwan where the thinner part of the margin is colliding with the arc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This research is part of project PGC2018-094227-B-I00 funded by the Spanish Research Agency from the Ministry of Science Innovation and Universities of Spain.&lt;/p&gt;