Large effective area high angular resolution x-ray optics

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bavdaz ◽  
D. Lumb ◽  
K. Wallace ◽  
E.-J. Buis ◽  
G. Vacanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
Ray Optics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Effective Area

scholarly journals Next generation astronomical x-ray optics: high angular resolution, light weight, and low production cost

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Zhang ◽  
M. P. Biskach ◽  
P. N. Blake ◽  
K.-W. Chan ◽  
J. A. Gaskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Ray Optics ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals NuSTAR observations of rotation-powered pulsars and magnetars

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S291) ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
V. M. Kaspi ◽  
H. An ◽  
M. Bachetti ◽  
E. Bellm ◽  
A. M. Beloborodov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Effective Area ◽  
Better Than

AbstractNASA's NuSTAR observatory is the first focusing hard X-ray telescope. Launched in June 2012, NuSTAR is sensitive in the 3–79 keV range with unprecedented ~17″ FWHM angular resolution above 12 keV, a result of its multilayer-coated optics and 10-m focal length. With its large effective area (900 cm2 at 10 keV), NuSTAR has point-source sensitivity ~100 times better than previous hard X-ray telescopes. Here we describe NuSTAR and its planned work on rotation-powered pulsars and magnetars during its nominal 2-yr baseline mission that has just commenced.

Mirror Integration Process for High Precision, Lightweight X-Ray Optics

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Biskach ◽  
Timo Saha ◽  
William Zhang ◽  
James Mazzarella ◽  
Ryan McClelland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Polished Surface ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Ray Optics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nasa Goddard Space

Next generation X-ray telescopes in the coming decades require optics with high angular resolution and large collecting area at a fixed cost and budget. X-ray optics, unlike traditional normal incidence optics in optical and infrared telescopes, require many times the polished surface area to obtain an equivalent collecting area due to the nature of glancing incidence optics necessary to reflect higher energy X-ray photons. The Next Generation X-ray Optics (NGXO) group at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is developing a manufacturing process capable of producing sub 5 arc-second half-power diameter (HPD) angular resolution optics in the near term, with the long term goal of producing optics for an X-ray telescope in the next 10 years with sub 1 arc-second HPD angular resolution. By parallelizing the production, integration, and testing of X-ray mirrors in separate modules, thousands of precisely formed X-ray mirror segments are assembled into one Mirror Assembly (MA), lowering the cost per collecting area by orders of magnitude compared to previous X-ray telescopes with similar resolution like the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Novel uses of kinematic mounts, precision actuators, and epoxy fixes each X-ray mirror segment to the submicron level with the sufficient strength to survive rocket launch.

scholarly journals Systematic search for lensed X-ray sources in the CLASH fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. A47
Author(s):  
Ang Liu ◽  
Paolo Tozzi ◽  
Piero Rosati ◽  
Pietro Bergamini ◽  
Gabriel Bartosch Caminha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Redshift Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Flux Limit ◽  
Massive Clusters ◽  
Critical Lines

Aims. We exploit the high angular resolution of Chandra to search for unresolved X-ray emission from lensed sources in the field of view of 11 CLASH clusters, whose critical lines and amplification maps were previously obtained with accurate strong-lensing models. We consider a solid angle in the lens plane corresponding to a magnification μ > 1.5, which amounts to a total of ∼100 arcmin2, of which only 10% corresponds to μ > 10. Our main goal is to assess the efficiency of massive clusters as cosmic telescopes to explore the faint end of the X-ray extragalactic source population. Methods. The main obstacle to this study is the overwhelming diffuse X-ray emission from the intracluster medium that encompasses the region with the strongest magnification power. To overcome this aspect, we first searched for X-ray emission from strongly lensed sources that were previously identified in the optical and then performed an untargeted detection of lensed X-ray sources. Results. We detect X-ray emission in either in the soft (0.5−2 keV) or hard (2−7 keV) band in only 9 out of 849 lensed or background optical sources. The stacked emission of the sources without detection does not reveal any signal in any band. Based on the untargeted detection in the soft, hard, and total band images, we find 66 additional X-ray sources without spectroscopic confirmation that are consistent with being lensed (background) sources. Assuming an average redshift distribution consistent with the Chandra Deep Field South survey (CDFS), we estimate their magnification, and after accounting for completeness and sky coverage, measure the soft- and hard-band number counts of lensed X-ray sources for the first time. The results are consistent with current modeling of the population distribution of active galactic nuclei (AGN). The distribution of delensed fluxes of the sources identified in moderately deep CLASH fields reaches a flux limit of ∼10−16 and ∼10−15 erg s−1 cm−2 in the soft and hard bands, respectively, therefore approximately 1.5 orders of magnitude above the flux limit of the CDFS. Conclusions. We conclude that in order to match the depth of the CDFS in exploiting massive clusters as cosmic telescopes, the required number of cluster fields is about two orders of magnitude larger than is offered by the 20 year Chandra archive. At the same time, the discovery of strongly lensed sources close to the critical lines remains an attractive if rare occurrence because the source density in the X-ray sky is low. A significant step forward in this field will be made when future X-ray facilities an angular resolution of ∼1 arcsec and a large effective area will allow the serendipitous discovery of rare, strongly lensed high-z X-ray sources. This will enable studying faint AGN activity in the early Universe and measuring gravitational time delays in the X-ray variability of multiply imaged AGN.

High angular resolution slope measuring deflectometry for the characterization of ultra-precise reflective x-ray optics

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 074015 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Siewert ◽  
J Buchheim ◽  
T Höft ◽  
S Fiedler ◽  
G Bourenkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Resolution ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
Ray Optics ◽  
X Ray

Realization of Mirror Shells for X-Ray Telescope by Plasma Forming

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Roussel ◽  
J.P. Fromentin ◽  
A. Freslon
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Space Missions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Forming Technology ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Nickel Electroforming ◽  
Large Effective Area

Abstract Future X-ray space missions will require telescopes with very large effective area, good angular resolution and low weight. To obtain these characteristics it is necessary to produce very thin and light mirrors shells that, once integrated into a suitable mechanical structure, will fulfil the requested specifications. To meet these requirements, one approach which seems promising is the use of ceramic materials combined with the plasma forming technology to produce ceramic carriers that are subsequently used to manufacture the x-ray mirror shells by means of the epoxy replication technology on superpolished mandrels. The CEA/Le Ripault has shown the feasibility of producing ceramic carriers (Diameter : 600 mm, height: 239 mm). The mass saving is substantial in comparison with the nickel electroforming technology which is now used to manufacture high throughput, medium angular resolution x-ray optics. The achieved out of roundness of the carriers is ± 70 microns; an effort must still be made to meet the requested specification of ± 20 microns.

scholarly journals Concept for an X-ray telescope system with an angular resolution booster

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitomo Maeda ◽  
Ryo Iizuka ◽  
Takayuki Hayashi ◽  
Toshiki Sato ◽  
Nozomi Nakaniwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
Coded Aperture ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modulation Collimator ◽  
Mirror Focus

ABSTRACT We present a concept for an X-ray imaging system with a high angular resolution and moderate sensitivity. In this concept, a two-dimensional detector, i.e., an imager, is put at a slightly out-of-focus position of the focusing mirror, rather than just at the mirror focus, as in the standard optics, to capture miniature images of objects. In addition, a set of multi-grid masks (or a modulation collimator) is installed in front of the telescope. We find that the masks work as a coded aperture camera and that they boost the angular resolution of the focusing optics. The major advantage of this concept is that a much better angular resolution, having an order of 2–3 or more than in the conventional optics, is achievable, while a high throughput (large effective area) is maintained, which is crucial in photon-limited high-energy astronomy, because any type of mirrors, including lightweight reflective mirrors, can be employed in our concept. If the signal-to-noise ratio is sufficiently high, we estimate that angular resolutions at the diffraction limit of 4″ and 0.″4 at ∼7 keV can be achieved with a pair of masks at distances of 1 m and 100 m, respectively.

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