Design and performance of a 3D imaging photon-counting microlaser altimeter operating from aircraft cruise altitudes under day or night conditions

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Degnan ◽  
Jan F. McGarry ◽  
Thomas W. Zagwodzki ◽  
Phillip W. Dabney ◽  
Jennifer Geiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Noise and Breakdown Characterization of SPAD Detectors with Time-Gated Photon-Counting Operation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5287
Author(s):  
Hiwa Mahmoudi ◽  
Michael Hofbauer ◽  
Bernhard Goll ◽  
Horst Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Dark Count ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Noise Models

Being ready-to-detect over a certain portion of time makes the time-gated single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) an attractive candidate for low-noise photon-counting applications. A careful SPAD noise and performance characterization, however, is critical to avoid time-consuming experimental optimization and redesign iterations for such applications. Here, we present an extensive empirical study of the breakdown voltage, as well as the dark-count and afterpulsing noise mechanisms for a fully integrated time-gated SPAD detector in 0.35-μm CMOS based on experimental data acquired in a dark condition. An “effective” SPAD breakdown voltage is introduced to enable efficient characterization and modeling of the dark-count and afterpulsing probabilities with respect to the excess bias voltage and the gating duration time. The presented breakdown and noise models will allow for accurate modeling and optimization of SPAD-based detector designs, where the SPAD noise can impose severe trade-offs with speed and sensitivity as is shown via an example.

Construction and performance of a scanning, photon‐counting spectrofluorometer

1976 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1034-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Jameson ◽  
R. D. Spencer ◽  
G. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Photon Counting ◽  
And Performance

Time-Correlated Raman and Fluorescence Spectroscopy Based on a Silicon Photomultiplier and Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunling Zhang ◽  
Liying Zhang ◽  
Ru Yang ◽  
Kun Liang ◽  
Dejun Han
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Sers Spectrum ◽  
Silicon Photomultiplier ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Fluorescence

We report a time-correlated Raman spectroscopy technique based on a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) and a time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) technique to exploit the natural temporal separation between Raman and fluorescence phenomena to alleviate the high fluorescence background with conventional Raman detection. The TCSPC technique employed can greatly reduce the effect of high dark count rate (DCR) and crosstalk of SiPM that seriously hinder its application in low light level detection. The operating principle and performance of the 400 ps time resolution system are discussed along with the improvement of the peak-to-background ratio (PBR) for bulk trinitrotoluene (TNT) Raman spectrum relative to a commercial Raman spectrometer with charge coupled device (CCD). The fluorescence lifetime for solid TNT and Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectrum for 10−6 mol/L trace TNT have also been obtained by this system, showing excellent versatility and convenience in spectroscopy measurement.

Fabrication and performance of a 128-element crossed-electrode relaxor array, for a novel 3D imaging approach

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Latham ◽  
Christopher Samson ◽  
Christopher Ceroici ◽  
Roger J. Zemp ◽  
Jeremy A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Imaging Approach ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Imaging via Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1930
Author(s):  
Chengkun Fu ◽  
Huaibin Zheng ◽  
Gao Wang ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Noise Ratio

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging under the condition of weak light and low signal-to-noise ratio is a challenging task. In this paper, a 3D imaging scheme based on time-correlated single-photon counting technology is proposed and demonstrated. The 3D imaging scheme, which is composed of a pulsed laser, a scanning mirror, single-photon detectors, and a time-correlated single-photon counting module, employs time-correlated single-photon counting technology for 3D LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). Aided by the range-gated technology, experiments show that the proposed scheme can image the object when the signal-to-noise ratio is decreased to −13 dB and improve the structural similarity index of imaging results by 10 times. Then we prove the proposed scheme can image the object in three dimensions with a lateral imaging resolution of 512 × 512 and an axial resolution of 4.2 mm in 6.7 s. At last, a high-resolution 3D reconstruction of an object is also achieved by using the photometric stereo algorithm.

Range walk error correction using prior modeling in photon counting 3D imaging lidar

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiji He ◽  
Yunfei Chen ◽  
Zhuang Miao ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Guohua Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Photon Counting

Second generation airborne 3D imaging lidars based on photon counting

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Degnan ◽  
David Wells ◽  
Roman Machan ◽  
Edward Leventhal
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Photon Counting

3D imaging and ranging by time-correlated single photon counting

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Wallace ◽  
A.C. Walker ◽  
G.S. Buller
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Single Photon Counting
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