Locally weighted regression for accessing a database containing wheat grain NIR transmission spectra and grain quality parameters

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Archibald ◽  
David B. Funk ◽  
Franklin E. Barton II
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Weighted Regression ◽  
Transmission Spectra ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Locally Weighted Regression

scholarly journals Nitrogen application rate and timing management for improved grain quality parameters of wheat crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1141-1153
Author(s):  
Gul Roz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen use efficiency under flood irrigation system is generally low (30%) in field crops, which is one of the fundamental factors of high production cost in the developing countries. Optimum rate and timing of N-application is otherwise important to harvest good quality grain for backing in the recent climate change scenario. Optimum N-rate (NAR) corresponds with the application timing (NAT) has resulted in good quality grains. Aim of the study was to focus on spring wheat grain quality and N use efficiency (NUE) with NAR {i.e., 0, 100, 120, 140 and 160 kg ha-1) and NAT (i.e., 100% at sowing (NAR1), 50% at sowing and 50% at tillering (NAT2), 25% at sowing, 50% at tillering and 25% at booting (NAT3) and 25% at sowing, 25% at tillering and 50% at booting (NAT4)}. Treatment impacts were investigated focusing grain yield, grain-N, and quality parameters (i.e., crude protein, gluten, amylose and amylopectin). Experiment was a randomized complete block, in three replications, conducted at Agronomy Res. Farm of the University of Agric. Peshawar in 2016-17 and repeated in 2017-18. Results showed the highest NUE in100 kg N ha-1, followed by a decreasing rate (p<0.05) for every next N-increment. While averaged on N-rates, the highest NUE observed in NAT3 which did not differ fromNAT4 but decreased (p<0.05) for treatment NAT2 with lowest for theNAT1. Pakhtunkhuwa-2015 showed higher NUE among the varieties. Grain-N, grain yield, gluten and amylose did not differ with NAR 140 and 160 kg ha-1 as well as for the NAT3 and NAT4 but decreased for NAT2 and the lowest was noted for NAT1. The N-content of wheat grain was highest in Pakhtunkhuwa-2015, followed by Pirsabak-2015 and the lowest in DN-84. Nonetheless, grain amylopectin showed a reduction with increasing NAR and/or split N-applications from one to two and/or three doses. Cultivars did not show any changes in the amylopectin. It is concluded that in recent climate changes where flood irrigation system is practiced, three N-splits (NAT3 or NAT4) resulted higher quality grains with140 kg N ha-1 to wheat crop

scholarly journals Mycotoxin survey of wheat samples graded according to their technological quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Slikova ◽  
Soňa Gavurníková ◽  
Martina Mináriková ◽  
Edita Gregová ◽  
Valéria Šudyová
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
The Mean

Wheat grain samples from 108 fields in Slovakia were analysed for their technological quality parameters and deoxynivalenol (DON) content. A total of 206 samples were sorted into those that were suitable (S; n = 186) and those that were unsuitable for human consumption (U; n = 20). The S samples were sorted into grain quality grades (E – elite; A – standard; B – minimum; P – biscuit). The natural occurrences of DON were 72.3 % in the E; 84.9 % in the A; 86.1 % in the B; 58.1 % in the P and 100.0 % in the U samples. The mean DON content was 0.55 mg kg−1 in the E; 0.47 mg kg−1 in the A; 0.67 mg kg−1 in the B; 0.36 mg kg−1 in the P and 1.67 mg kg−1 in the U samples. The natural mean DON contamination of the human consumption samples was lower (0.52 mg kg−1) than for the samples that were unsuitable for human consumption (1.67 mg kg−1).

scholarly journals Response of Wheat Storage Proteins and Breadmaking Quality to Dimethylpyrazole-Based Nitrification Inhibitors under Different Nitrogen Fertilization Splitting Strategies

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Ximena Huérfano ◽  
José-María Estavillo ◽  
Miren K. Duñabeitia ◽  
María-Begoña González-Moro ◽  
Carmen González-Murua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Isomeric Mixture ◽  
Breadmaking Quality

Improving fertilizer nitrogen (N) use efficiency is essential to increase crop productivity and avoid environmental damage. This study was conducted during four crop cycles of winter wheat under humid Mediterranean conditions (Araba, northern Spain). The effects of N-fertilization splitting and the application of the nitrification inhibitors (NIs) 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture (DMPSA) as strategies to improve grain quality were examined. The hypothesis of this study was to test if the partial ammonium nutrition and the reduction of fertilizer losses presumably induced by the application of NIs can modify the grain gliadin and glutenin protein contents and the breadmaking quality (dough rheological properties). Among both NIs assayed, only DMPP showed a slight effect of decreasing the omega gliadin fraction, following splitting either two or three times, although this effect was dependent on the year and was not reflected in terms of dough extensibility. The slight decreases observed in grain quality in terms of dough strength and glutenin content induced by DMPP suggest that DMPSA is more promising in terms of maintaining grain quality. Nonetheless, these poor effects exerted by NI application on grain quality parameters did not lead to changes in the quality parameters defining the flour aptitudes for breadmaking.

scholarly journals Effects of Elevated CO2 and Heat on Wheat Grain Quality

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027
Author(s):  
Xizi Wang ◽  
Fulai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Increasing Demand

Wheat is one of the most important staple foods in temperate regions and is in increasing demand in urbanizing and industrializing countries such as China. Enhancing yield potential to meet the population explosion around the world and maintaining grain quality in wheat plants under climate change are crucial for food security and human nutrition. Global warming resulting from greenhouse effect has led to more frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) along with rising temperature has a huge impact on ecosystems, agriculture and human health. There are numerous studies investigating the eCO2 and heatwaves effects on wheat growth and productivity, and the mechanisms behind. This review outlines the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the effects of eCO2 and heat stress, individually and combined, on grain yield and grain quality in wheat crop. Strategies to enhance the resilience of wheat to future warmer and CO2-enriched environment are discussed.

scholarly journals Quality of winter wheat grain with different systems of main tillage in crop rotations of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Orekhivskyi ◽  
◽  
A. I. Kryvenko ◽  
S. V. Pochkolina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Quality Class ◽  
Gluten Content

The article investigates the influence of the application of different systems of basic tillage on the quality of winter wheat grain in short crop rotations of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. It is established that the grain quality of winter wheat in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine is mainly determined by the genetic characteristics of the variety, but also largely depends on the conditions and technologies of cultivation. In winter wheat grain, which is used for food purposes, reserve proteins are important, which in winter wheat determine the baking properties of flour. In drought conditions, when the yield of winter wheat decreases, the protein content in its grain tends to increase. In wet years, on the contrary, there is a reverse pattern. According to experimental studies, wheat varieties have a negative correlation between grain protein content and yield. It is established that during 2016–2020 research shows almost the same pattern of action of different predecessors and systems of basic tillage on the formation of grain quality of winter wheat in arid conditions. It was found that, on average, according to all variants of research, only with the use of the system of tillage-free tillage received grain of winter wheat with a protein content of 12,5%, which met the requirements of the 2nd class. It is recorded that on average over five years of research on all tillage systems, grain of winter wheat with gluten content was obtained, the quality of which corresponded to the 3rd class. Different tillage systems caused a slight impact on the gluten content, which ranged from 20,6% to 21,1%. It is determined that the precursors have a certain effect on the protein content in the grain of winter wheat. The analysis of qualitative indicators showed that on average in five years of research, when growing winter wheat after a pair of black and a pair of green wheat with winter vetch, grain was formed, which in terms of protein content corresponded to the 2nd quality class. More protein was accumulated in winter wheat grain after a pair of black, which was 12,9%. After peas for grain, as well as a pair of green with a mixture of white mustard and peas, received a grain of winter wheat, which was the 3rd quality class. It was found that on average in five years of research, all variants of winter wheat were grown with gluten content, which met the requirements of the 3rd class. Black vapor and green vapor with winter veneer caused the accumulation of gluten at almost the same level with a small increase in the version with winter vetch up to 21,8%. The lowest level of gluten was obtained in the grain of winter wheat after peas per grain, which was 19,7%. In all variants of the experiment, sidereal steam with winter tillage and the use of tillage-free tillage had the best effect on the growth of winter wheat grain quality indicators. The grain of winter wheat was mainly formed in terms of quality, which allows it to be used for food purposes – mainly in the flour-milling and baking industries, as well as for export. It is established that it is important to further study the quality of winter wheat grain and other cereals in short crop rotations of the arid Southern Steppe of Ukraine, especially in climate change.

Intra-specific variation of wheat grain quality in response to elevated [CO2] at two sowing times under rain-fed and irrigation treatments

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimesha Fernando ◽  
Joe Panozzo ◽  
Michael Tausz ◽  
Robert M. Norton ◽  
Glenn J. Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Irrigation Treatments
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