Non-University Mass Student Public Associations: Institutional Isomorphism as a Factor of Stability

The relevance of this research is about the need to search for factors that increase the stability of youth associations, including student ones. Only stable youth associations can effectively socialize young people and form them as active actors in civil society. The project is a desk study and has a quality design.Object: non-university mass student public associations. They were created in Russia in the 60s of the twentieth century: student building brigades (SSO) and student nature protective brigades (DOP). Subject: institutional isomorphism of non-university student public associations. Purpose: to assess the impact of character and the degree of isomorphism of student public associations on their stability.Research results. It is shown that the main factor in the stability of student public associations is the level of their compliance with institutional requirements. It leads to forced isomorphism. The cause of this isomorphism is the monopoly of sources of support for the activities of these associations. In Russia, the state has such a monopoly. Student associations must take into account the institutional factors, in particular the requirements of higher-level systems and institutions. It gives them the necessary resources to continue their activities. Intra-organizational factors (level of social significance, charisma of leaders, mass character, and others) are less important for ensuring their sustainability.

Pricing strategy and product quality design with platform-investment

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>With the development of business, more consumers are quality sensitive and improving the product quality becomes particularly important. We mainly discuss two investment strategies: retailer-investment and platform-investment. Compared with non-investment case, only if consumer sensitivity is not too high, it is profitable for the retailer to select retailer-investment. When both retailer-investment and platform-investment are viable, the choice of investment mechanism depends on the profit-sharing ratio. Particularly, if the ratio is within a certain range, the optimal investment strategy is platform-investment, achieving a triple-win outcome. Besides, to effectively alleviate the contradiction between the retailer's moral hazard problem and the sustainable value-added effect of platform-investment, we further research the contract term. These results give us some meaningful management inspirations in investment mechanism.</p>

Application of Fuzzy Topsis and Taguchi Methods for Optimization Problems With Disruptive Risk

Ranking and choosing research projects and analyzing experiments are usually difficult and complex responsibilities for professional research councils at universities and research centers. Its complexity stems from having more than one variable in each project, and the participation of many decision-makers in the ranking process and selection of research projects based on many variables. The fuzzy set theory provides the required flexibility to show the uncertainty about the lack of knowledge, and also it can manage the uncertainty in the real world that the values of criteria are not defined properly. For this purpose, in the environment where the criteria of research projects are vaguely defined, the ranking methods such as Taguchi, which can reduce the number of experiments and making process more efficient, can be used for quality design in designing and processing product. In this work, first of all, the authors review fuzzy TOPSIS technique and the Taguchi method as well; then they approach research efficiency and optimization of the level of effective parameters in an experiment.

Against Jugaad: Making a Case for Design as Innovation

This paper examines jugaad through the lens of design as problem-solving and a driver of innovation. We include a range of design disciplines that have spatial and material impacts from architecture and urban planning to product design. The paper starts with a brief description of the ways in which jugaad is currently understood, and then proceeds to make the case for why jugaad is neither quality design nor frugal innovation. Our argument draws on a wide-ranging survey of jugaad as an idea across several fields, a series of in-depth interviews where we asked our interlocutors to use examples of work to situate their responses, and our engagement with Charles and Ray Eames’ ideas on design process and pedagogy in The India Report (1958, rep. 1997). In doing so, we wish to not just be against jugaad but to go beyond it, reading it as a crucial component of the design and innovation process but not the design solution or innovation itself.

Optimization of the profile and material of wire contacts for an IR photodetector

The study is devoted to the influence of the choice of geometry and materials of wire contacts on the reflection coefficient and thermal characteristics of the photodetector and the quality of the device design. The process of diffusion of materials of wire contacts and contact pads on a photodetector crystal is investigated. The studies were carried out on samples that are rather small in size (250x250x400 um). During the experiment, 4 main types of loop geometry were selected (main loop, reverse loop, double reverse loop, long loop). The loops were formed using a gold wire 25 μm in diameter. The quality of microwelds was investigated in 3 ways: shear and pull-off tests, optical observation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and contact resistance measurement. The aim of the work is to create a high-quality design of an IR photodetector, which allows achieving a high sensitivity (at least 0.5 A / W), a large dynamic range (at least 40 dB) and low indicators of dark current values. The developed technology ensures high quality of the photodetector design. Due to the low costs of this technological process (wire material, the number of operations required for installation), relative to other technologies, which allows maintaining high performance in the technical component of the photodetector, the installation method may be of practical interest in production.

IEA EBC Annex 68 – Consequences on ventilation and hygrothermal operation of buildings

The objective of the IEA EBC Annex 68 Project, “Indoor Air Quality Design and Control in Low Energy Residential Buildings”, has been to develop the fundamental basis for optimal design and control strategies for good Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in highly energy efficient residential buildings. Focus has been on emission of chemical pollutants from building products and use of ventilation to alleviate IAQ effects. The question has been whether new paradigms for demand control should be developed based on knowledge from this project. The paper gives an overview of the project’s activities with regards to: - Gathering of laboratory and field data on pollution sources in buildings. - Formulation of a so-called “similarity approach” to predict emissions of volatile organic compounds based on knowledge from moisture transfer properties. - Gathering of a set of contemporary models to simulate the combined heat, air, moisture and pollution conditions of buildings and their assemblies. Based on this background, the project has identified and described an extended set of amenable ways to optimize the provision of ventilation and air-conditioning and to assess possibilities to bring this knowledge into practice. The paper gives an overview of the suggested solutions and their conditions.

FORMATION OF A LEAN PRODUCTION CULTURE IN ORGANIZATIONS AS A FACTOR OF INCREASING LABOR PRODUCTIVITY IN A REGION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TCHAIKOVSKY BRANCH OF JSC "GAZPROM BYTOVYE SISTEMY")

The article examines the relevance of creating a lean production management system as an organization of activities focused on increasing the attractiveness of the technical, economic and aesthetic qualities of a product or service for the consumer, achieving stable development of the organization through continuous improvement of business processes through the involvement of personnel and the elimination of all types of losses. The authors describe in detail the stages of the creation of the DARINA Operating System in the Tchaikovsky branch of Gazprom Bytovye Sistemy JSC. The importance of the formation of a culture of lean production among all participants in business processes has been substantiated. Research into the prevalence and effectiveness of lean manufacturing in the Perm Territory in general and in the Chaikovsky District in particular shows the growing interest of business and government in the implementation of lean manufacturing technologies. This situation contributes to the development of the organization as a conductor of the ideas of lean production in the region. At present, shaping the methodology for using the principles of lean production and the principles of lean management of sustainable development, providing support to enterprises of the Perm Territory, the Chaikovsky branch of JSC Gazprom Bytovye Sistemy is successfully developing and expanding the boundaries of its potential capabilities, not only in the production of products that best meet the needs of consumers in relation to quality, design and price, but also a more multifaceted implementation of the principle of social responsibility as a prerequisite for the sustainable development of the company through participation in projects aimed at strengthening social support for the population.

Study of High Strength Concretes with Variability of Composition Designs

High Strength Concretes (HSC) are concretes defined mainly by compressive strength. The strength of concrete can guarantee other excellent results of properties, namely durability. Essential for the production of HSC is a careful approach to the design of concrete composition, especially the quality of raw materials. It is primarily necessary to increase the content of the binder combined mainly with Portland cement and another admixture. Due to its excellent properties, Silica fume is largely used as an admixture, where it is necessary to consider its effective amount. It is also suitable to combine this admixture with other types of active admixtures. The question of the type of coarse aggregate fractions used is crucial. The quality and purity of aggregates is an essential part of the quality design of these concretes, influencing practically all the resulting parameters of concrete. The article presents a set of tests on designed High strength Concretes, differing in the composition of the concrete to demonstrate the variability of the design concept and its effect on the resulting values of strength and durability.