scholarly journals Mycotoxin survey of wheat samples graded according to their technological quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Slikova ◽  
Soňa Gavurníková ◽  
Martina Mináriková ◽  
Edita Gregová ◽  
Valéria Šudyová
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
The Mean

Wheat grain samples from 108 fields in Slovakia were analysed for their technological quality parameters and deoxynivalenol (DON) content. A total of 206 samples were sorted into those that were suitable (S; n = 186) and those that were unsuitable for human consumption (U; n = 20). The S samples were sorted into grain quality grades (E – elite; A – standard; B – minimum; P – biscuit). The natural occurrences of DON were 72.3 % in the E; 84.9 % in the A; 86.1 % in the B; 58.1 % in the P and 100.0 % in the U samples. The mean DON content was 0.55 mg kg−1 in the E; 0.47 mg kg−1 in the A; 0.67 mg kg−1 in the B; 0.36 mg kg−1 in the P and 1.67 mg kg−1 in the U samples. The natural mean DON contamination of the human consumption samples was lower (0.52 mg kg−1) than for the samples that were unsuitable for human consumption (1.67 mg kg−1).

scholarly journals Nitrogen application rate and timing management for improved grain quality parameters of wheat crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1141-1153
Author(s):  
Gul Roz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen use efficiency under flood irrigation system is generally low (30%) in field crops, which is one of the fundamental factors of high production cost in the developing countries. Optimum rate and timing of N-application is otherwise important to harvest good quality grain for backing in the recent climate change scenario. Optimum N-rate (NAR) corresponds with the application timing (NAT) has resulted in good quality grains. Aim of the study was to focus on spring wheat grain quality and N use efficiency (NUE) with NAR {i.e., 0, 100, 120, 140 and 160 kg ha-1) and NAT (i.e., 100% at sowing (NAR1), 50% at sowing and 50% at tillering (NAT2), 25% at sowing, 50% at tillering and 25% at booting (NAT3) and 25% at sowing, 25% at tillering and 50% at booting (NAT4)}. Treatment impacts were investigated focusing grain yield, grain-N, and quality parameters (i.e., crude protein, gluten, amylose and amylopectin). Experiment was a randomized complete block, in three replications, conducted at Agronomy Res. Farm of the University of Agric. Peshawar in 2016-17 and repeated in 2017-18. Results showed the highest NUE in100 kg N ha-1, followed by a decreasing rate (p<0.05) for every next N-increment. While averaged on N-rates, the highest NUE observed in NAT3 which did not differ fromNAT4 but decreased (p<0.05) for treatment NAT2 with lowest for theNAT1. Pakhtunkhuwa-2015 showed higher NUE among the varieties. Grain-N, grain yield, gluten and amylose did not differ with NAR 140 and 160 kg ha-1 as well as for the NAT3 and NAT4 but decreased for NAT2 and the lowest was noted for NAT1. The N-content of wheat grain was highest in Pakhtunkhuwa-2015, followed by Pirsabak-2015 and the lowest in DN-84. Nonetheless, grain amylopectin showed a reduction with increasing NAR and/or split N-applications from one to two and/or three doses. Cultivars did not show any changes in the amylopectin. It is concluded that in recent climate changes where flood irrigation system is practiced, three N-splits (NAT3 or NAT4) resulted higher quality grains with140 kg N ha-1 to wheat crop

Quality of ram spermatozoa separated with modified swim up method

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Hossain ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
F Naznin ◽  
RN Ferdousi ◽  
FY Bari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fluid Medium ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mass Activity ◽  
Fresh Semen ◽  
Artificial Vagina

Semen was collected from four rams, using artificial vagina and viability%, motility% and plasma membrane integrity% were measured. Fresh ejaculates (n = 32) were separated by modified swim-up separation using modified human tubal fluid medium. Four fractions of supernatant were collected at 15-minute intervals. The mean volume, mass activity, concentration, motility%, viability%, normal morphology and membrane integrity% (HOST +ve) of fresh semen were 1.0 ± 0.14, 4.1 ± 0.1 × 109 spermatozoa/ml, 85.0 ± 1.3, 89.4 ± 1.0, 85.5 ± 0.7, 84.7 ± 0.5 respectively. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in fresh semen quality parameters between rams. The motility%, viability% and HOST +ve % of first, second, third and fourth fractions were 53.4 ± 0.5, 68.2 ± 0.3, 74.8 ± 0.3 and 65.5 ± 0.4; 55.5 ± 0.4, 66.2 ± 0.4, 74.5 ± 0.3 and 73.6 ± 0.3 and 66.7 ± 0.5, 66.8 ± 0.5, 65.2 ± 0.4 and 74.7 ± 0.5 respectively. The motility%, viability% and membrane integrity% of separated semen samples differed significantly (P<0.05) between four fractions. The mean motility% and viability% were significantly higher (P<0.05) in third fraction (74.8 ± 0.3%), whereas the mean HOST +ve% was significantly higher (P<0.05) in fourth fraction (74.7 ± 0.5). All quality parameters of separated spermatozoa were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of fresh semen. The pregnancy rates were higher with fresh semen (71%) in comparison to that of separated sample (57%).Bangl. vet. 2016. Vol. 33, No. 2, 62-70

Considerations of the technological quality assessment of sugarbeet

2011 ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Pezzi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Interesting Correlation ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Thick Juice

No real improvement in the technological quality of beet has been recorded over the last 15 years in Northern Italy. Among the possible explanations for the quality stagnation is that the traditional formulae cannot correctly differentiate between sugarbeet varieties which produce thick juice of very high purity. This seems to be connected with the role of potassium. The use of a standard purification procedure gives reliable and accurate data which is immediately comparable with the factory data. Research projects on medium/long term storage are currently being performed by Co.Pro.B., Italy, in cooperation with Syngenta and Beta. Up to now the results have shown that storage of sugarbeet in autumn time in northern Italy is possible provided that suitable varieties and proper handling of the roots are employed. Results obtained in the storage trials are reported. Correlations have been found between quality parameters (purity, color and lime salts) of the purified juice with the glucose content of the raw juice. An interesting correlation is reported between purified juice purity and raw juice purity.

scholarly journals Response of Wheat Storage Proteins and Breadmaking Quality to Dimethylpyrazole-Based Nitrification Inhibitors under Different Nitrogen Fertilization Splitting Strategies

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Ximena Huérfano ◽  
José-María Estavillo ◽  
Miren K. Duñabeitia ◽  
María-Begoña González-Moro ◽  
Carmen González-Murua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Isomeric Mixture ◽  
Breadmaking Quality

Improving fertilizer nitrogen (N) use efficiency is essential to increase crop productivity and avoid environmental damage. This study was conducted during four crop cycles of winter wheat under humid Mediterranean conditions (Araba, northern Spain). The effects of N-fertilization splitting and the application of the nitrification inhibitors (NIs) 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture (DMPSA) as strategies to improve grain quality were examined. The hypothesis of this study was to test if the partial ammonium nutrition and the reduction of fertilizer losses presumably induced by the application of NIs can modify the grain gliadin and glutenin protein contents and the breadmaking quality (dough rheological properties). Among both NIs assayed, only DMPP showed a slight effect of decreasing the omega gliadin fraction, following splitting either two or three times, although this effect was dependent on the year and was not reflected in terms of dough extensibility. The slight decreases observed in grain quality in terms of dough strength and glutenin content induced by DMPP suggest that DMPSA is more promising in terms of maintaining grain quality. Nonetheless, these poor effects exerted by NI application on grain quality parameters did not lead to changes in the quality parameters defining the flour aptitudes for breadmaking.

scholarly journals Effects of Elevated CO2 and Heat on Wheat Grain Quality

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027
Author(s):  
Xizi Wang ◽  
Fulai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Increasing Demand

Wheat is one of the most important staple foods in temperate regions and is in increasing demand in urbanizing and industrializing countries such as China. Enhancing yield potential to meet the population explosion around the world and maintaining grain quality in wheat plants under climate change are crucial for food security and human nutrition. Global warming resulting from greenhouse effect has led to more frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) along with rising temperature has a huge impact on ecosystems, agriculture and human health. There are numerous studies investigating the eCO2 and heatwaves effects on wheat growth and productivity, and the mechanisms behind. This review outlines the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the effects of eCO2 and heat stress, individually and combined, on grain yield and grain quality in wheat crop. Strategies to enhance the resilience of wheat to future warmer and CO2-enriched environment are discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic gain in the breeding program of common beans at IAC from 1989 to 2007

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson Fernando Chiorato ◽  
Sérgio Augusto Morais Carbonell ◽  
Roland Vencovsky ◽  
Nelson da Silva Fonseca Júnior ◽  
José Baldin Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Period

The goal of the present work was to evaluate the genetic gain obtained in grain yield for the common bean genotypes from 1989 until 2007, at the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, in the state of São Paulo. Genetic gain has been separated into two research periods; the first, from 1989 to 1996, and the second, from 1997 to 2007. In the first period, a genetic gain of 1.07 % per year was obtained, whereas for the second period, the gain was zero. However, the mean yield of the evaluated lines was approximately 1000 kg ha-1 superior to the figures obtained in the first period. The main cause for the absence of genetic gain in the second period is that the focus of the breeding program was changed to grain quality. The individualized analysis of the genotypes with carioca grains in the second period indicated the lack of genetic gain during the investigated period.

Evaluation of heavy metals content in the canned/packed fruit juices from local and imported origin in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazeefa Fatima ◽  
Munazza Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shuaib Kabeer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study was conducted to determine the mean concentration of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in canned/packed fruits juices, collected from various stores in Lahore in a period of three months. These juices were categorized into four groups; local packed and canned and also imported packed and canned products. Every group consisted of ten samples. By using the di-acid digestion method, the collected samples were digested and analyzed under Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results indicated that the mean values of 7 out of 9 tested heavy metals including Pb, Mg, Ni, Fe, Cr, Se and Mn were above permissible limits (set by WHO) in all four understudy groups. Therefore, it was concluded that commercially available fruit juices are not all safe according to their heavy metals content for the human consumption despite their nutritive values.

Quality Evaluation of Canola Oils and Deodorizer Distillate during Industrial Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-983
Author(s):  
Hadia Shoaib Hadia Shoaib ◽  
Sarfaraz Ahmed Mahesar Sarfaraz Ahmed Mahesar ◽  
Saeeduddin Saeeduddin ◽  
Parisa Jafarian Parisa Jafarian ◽  
Razieh Niazmand Razieh Niazmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canola Oil ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Deodorizer Distillate ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Totox Value ◽  
Canola Oils

Aim of present study was to evaluate quality of three collected sets of canola oil containing crude oil, neutralized oil, bleached oil, deodorized oil and canola oil deodorizer distillate (DD) form three different edible oil processing industries. Physiochemical properties such as moisture, color, free fatty acid (FFA), acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), p-Anisidine value (AV), total oxidative (totox) value, saponification value (SV), iodine value (IV), unsaponifiable matter and soap content were evaluated. The results of the present study indicated that each stage of processing has different impact on the determined quality parameters. Overall processing was well controlled and final product i.e. refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) canola oil was found to be fit for human consumption. Only soap contents should be further controlled during neutralization process to avoid extra processing time and losses in the bleaching process. High FFA contents in DD samples indicated that it could be used as a potential and cheap source for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Quality assessment of Zeus faber (Peter’s fish) ovaries regularly commercialized for human consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Giarratana ◽  
Graziella Ziino ◽  
Valerio D'Andrea ◽  
Antonio Panebianco ◽  
Alessandro Giuffrida
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fresh Products ◽  
Vibrio Spp ◽  
Zeus Faber

n the last few years, the consumption of fish eggs has increased rapidly, finding widespread use also in mass catering. This increase has involved also those of the Peter’s fish (Zeus faber). Females of this species, by their reproductive characteristics, have highly developed gonads in different periods of the year, making the raw material easy to find. The aim of the present study was to perform a quality assessment of Zeus faber ovaries regularly commercialized for human consumption. A total number of 34 samples, divided in fresh (11) and frozen (23), were processed for microbiological characterization, parasitological and histological evaluations. Fresh and frozen samples have significant (P<0.01) differences in total bacterial charge, with values of 4.75±0.5 Log CFU/g and 3.65±0.7 Log CFU/g respectively. The mean value of Enterobacteriaceae was 2.58±0.7 Log CFU/g in fresh products, while 52.17% (12) of frozen samples reported loads of <1 Log CFU/g. No Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were found. Aeromonas spp. was detected in two frozen sample (with loads of 2.2 and <1 Log CFU/g) and in 5 fresh ovaries with value ranged from 1.70 to 3.48 Log CFU/g. Vibrio spp. was found in 4 (36.36%) and 3 (13.04%) of fresh and frozen samples respectively, with loads always <1 Log CFU/g. All 31 Vibrio strains isolated, were identified as Vibrio alginolyticus, and 61.29% (19) of them was positive for the ToxRS factor and 6.45% (2) for ToxR. The 47.06% (16) of total samples showed infestations by larvae of Anisakis Type 1 in the serous and inside the ovary. In this last case, histologically it was found to be free larvae. This study attested satisfactory hygiene conditions for Zeus faber ovaries currently marked for human consumption. The presence of potentially pathogenic strains of V. alginolyticus and Aeromonas spp., but above all the frequent infestation by Anisakis larvae, represent a potentially hazard for the consumer.

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