Traction forces and subcellular structure imaged in contracting and locomoting cells

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Burton
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Structure ◽  
Traction Forces

Video-microscopic measurement of cell-substratum traction forces generated by locomoting keratocytes

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Tim Oliver ◽  
Michelle Leonard ◽  
Juliet Lee ◽  
Akira Ishihara ◽  
Ken Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Video Frame ◽  
Traction Forces ◽  
Cell Traction Forces ◽  
Latex Beads ◽  
Cell Traction ◽  
Local Cell ◽  
Microscopic Measurement ◽  
Kinetics Of

We are using video-enhanced light microscopy to investigate the pattern and magnitude of forces that fish keratocytes exert on flexible silicone rubber substrata. Our goal is a clearer understanding of the way molecular motors acting through the cytoskeleton co-ordinate their efforts into locomotion at cell velocities up to 1 μm/sec. Cell traction forces were previously observed as wrinkles(Fig.l) in strong silicone rubber films by Harris.(l) These forces are now measureable by two independant means.In the first of these assays, weakly crosslinked films are made, into which latex beads have been embedded.(Fig.2) These films report local cell-mediated traction forces as bead displacements in the plane of the film(Fig.3), which recover when the applied force is released. Calibrated flexible glass microneedles are then used to reproduce the translation of individual beads. We estimate the force required to distort these films to be 0.5 mdyne/μm of bead movement. Video-frame analysis of bead trajectories is providing data on the relative localisation, dissipation and kinetics of traction forces.

scholarly journals A Sponge-like Structure Involved in the Association and Transport of Maternal Products during Drosophila Oogenesis

1997 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 817-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Wilsch-Bräuninger ◽  
Heinz Schwarz ◽  
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Polar Granule ◽  
Rna Localization ◽  
Drosophila Embryo ◽  
Fibrillar Structure ◽  
Subcellular Structure ◽  
Cytoplasmic Bridges ◽  
Dense Mass ◽  
Mitochondrial Cloud ◽  
Surrounding Membrane

Localization of maternally provided RNAs during oogenesis is required for formation of the antero–posterior axis of the Drosophila embryo. Here we describe a subcellular structure in nurse cells and oocytes which may function as an intracellular compartment for assembly and transport of maternal products involved in RNA localization. This structure, which we have termed “sponge body,” consists of ER-like cisternae, embedded in an amorphous electron-dense mass. It lacks a surrounding membrane and is frequently associated with mitochondria. The sponge bodies are not identical to the Golgi complexes. We suggest that the sponge bodies are homologous to the mitochondrial cloud in Xenopus oocytes, a granulo-fibrillar structure that contains RNAs involved in patterning of the embryo. Exuperantia protein, the earliest factor known to be required for the localization of bicoid mRNA to the anterior pole of the Drosophila oocyte, is highly enriched in the sponge bodies but not an essential structural component of these. RNA staining indicates that sponge bodies contain RNA. However, neither the intensity of this staining nor the accumulation of Exuperantia in the sponge bodies is dependent on the amount of bicoid mRNA present in the ovaries. Sponge bodies surround nuage, a possible polar granule precursor. Microtubules and microfilaments are not present in sponge bodies, although transport of the sponge bodies through the cells is implied by their presence in cytoplasmic bridges. We propose that the sponge bodies are structures that, by assembly and transport of included molecules or associated structures, are involved in localization of mRNAs in Drosophila oocytes.

scholarly journals Why heel spurs are traction spurs after all

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Zwirner ◽  
Aqeeda Singh ◽  
Francesca Templer ◽  
Benjamin Ondruschka ◽  
Niels Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Trabecular Architecture ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Traction Forces ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Developmental Mechanism ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Compressive Loads

AbstractIt is unclear whether plantar and posterior heel spurs are truly pathological findings and whether they are stimulated by traction or compression forces. Previous histological investigations focused on either one of the two spur locations, thereby potentially overlooking common features that refer to a uniform developmental mechanism. In this study, 19 feet from 16 cadavers were X-ray scanned to preselect calcanei with either plantar or posterior spurs. Subsequently, seven plantar and posterior spurs were histologically assessed. Five spur-free Achilles tendon and three plantar fascia entheses served as controls. Plantar spurs were located either intra- or supra-fascial whereas all Achilles spurs were intra-fascial. Both spur types consistently presented a trabecular architecture without a particular pattern, fibrocartilage at the tendinous entheses and the orientation of the spur tips was in line with the course of the attached soft tissues. Spurs of both entities revealed tapered areas close to their bases with bulky tips. Achilles and plantar heel spurs seem to be non-pathological calcaneal exostoses, which are likely results of traction forces. Both spur types revealed commonalities such as their trabecular architecture or the tip direction in relation to the attached soft tissues. Morphologically, heel spurs seem poorly adapted to compressive loads.

scholarly journals Cell Traction Forces Direct Fibronectin Matrix Assembly

2009 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 729-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Lemmon ◽  
Christopher S. Chen ◽  
Lewis H. Romer
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Assembly ◽  
Traction Forces ◽  
Cell Traction Forces ◽  
Fibronectin Matrix ◽  
Cell Traction

scholarly journals Traction forces mediated by integrin signaling are necessary for definitive endoderm specification

2015 ◽  
Vol 128 (10) ◽  
pp. 1961-1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Taylor-Weiner ◽  
N. Ravi ◽  
A. J. Engler
Keyword(s):  
Definitive Endoderm ◽  
Integrin Signaling ◽  
Traction Forces

Doctors of Chiropractic Proficiency in Delivering Prescribed Traction Forces During Manual Cervical Distraction of Neck Pain Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. A48-A49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maruti Ram Gudavalli ◽  
Robert D Vining ◽  
Stacie A Salsbury ◽  
Lance Corber ◽  
Cynthia R Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Traction Forces ◽  
Pain Patients
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