Characterization of two-photon polymerization process using Raman microspectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Jiang ◽  
Y. S. Zhou ◽  
W. Xiong ◽  
Y. Gao ◽  
T. Baldacchini ◽  
...  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketki M. Lichade ◽  
Yayue Pan

Abstract This study successfully integrates acoustic patterning with the Two-Photon Polymerization (TPP) process for printing nanoparticle–polymer composite microstructures with spatially varied nanoparticle compositions. Currently, the TPP process is gaining increasing attention within the engineering community for the direct manufacturing of complex three-dimensional (3D) microstructures. Yet the full potential of TPP manufactured microstructures is limited by the materials used. This study aims to create and demonstrate a novel acoustic field-assisted TPP (A-TPP) process, which can instantaneously pattern and assemble nanoparticles in a liquid droplet, and fabricate anisotropic nanoparticle–polymer composites with spatially controlled particle–polymer material compositions. It was found that the biggest challenge in integrating acoustic particle patterning with the TPP process is that nanoparticles move upon laser irradiation due to the photothermal effect, and hence, the acoustic assembly is distorted during the photopolymerization process. To cure acoustic assembly of nanoparticles in the resin through TPP with the desired nanoparticle patterns, the laser power needs to be carefully tuned so that it is adequate for curing while low enough to prevent the photothermal effect. To address this challenge, this study investigated the threshold laser power for polymerization of TPP resin (Pthr) and photothermal instability of the nanoparticle (Pthp). Patterned nanoparticle–polymer composite microstructures were fabricated using the novel A-TPP process. Experimental results validated the feasibility of the developed acoustic field-assisted TPP process on printing anisotropic composites with spatially controlled material compositions.


2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Woods ◽  
Sonja Feldbacher ◽  
David Zidar ◽  
Gregor Langer ◽  
Valentin Satzinger ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 1003 ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Walia ◽  
Kamal Nain Chopra

This paper presents an Exhaustive Analysis of the Characterization of Photopolymer Material (SZ2080) by Two-Photon Polymerization, and some of the modern concepts like Characterization of Photonic Crystals in Photopolymer SZ2080 by Two-Photon Polymerization, Waves Moving in a Periodic Potential, and Optical Quantum metamaterials. Two-photon polymerization for fabricating three-dimensional subdiffraction-limited structures has been discussed. Experimental and Computed Curves of line thickness (nm) vs feed rate (μm/s) have been technically analyzed. Waves moving in a Periodic Potential and Photonic Crystals have been technically discussed. In addition, Optical Quantum metamaterials have been discussed in terms of quantum coherence, and quantum dots with emphasis on cavity array metamaterial.


Author(s):  
Xiaoming Yu ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Shuting Lei

Stereolithography of three-dimensional, arbitrarily-shaped objects is achieved by successively curing photopolymer on multiple 2D planes and then stacking these 2D slices into 3D objects. Often as a bottleneck for speeding up the fabrication process, this layer-by-layer approach originates from the lack of axial control of photopolymerization. In this paper, we present a novel stereolithography technology with which two-photon polymerization can be dynamically controlled in the axial direction using Bessel beam generated from a spatial light modulator (SLM) and an axicon. First, we use unmodulated Bessel beam to fabricate micro-wires with an average diameter of 100 μm and a length exceeding 10 mm, resulting in an aspect ratio > 100:1. A study on the polymerization process shows that a fabrication speed of 2 mm/s can be achieved. Defect and deformation are observed, and the micro-wires consist of multiple narrow fibers which indicate the existence of the self-writing effect. A test case is presented to demonstrate fast 3D printing of a hollow tube within one second. Next, we modulate the Bessel beam with an SLM and demonstrate the simultaneous generation of multiple focal spots along the laser propagation direction. These spots can be dynamically controlled by loading an image sequence on the SLM. The theoretical foundation of this technology is outlined, and computer simulation is conducted to verify the experimental results. The presented technology extends current stereolithography into the third dimension, and has the potential to significantly increase 3D printing speed.


Author(s):  
Pratyusha Das ◽  
Meher Wan ◽  
Subhrajit Mukherjee ◽  
Samit K Ray ◽  
Shivakiran Bhaktha B N

Author(s):  
Yinan Tian ◽  
Yung C. Shin ◽  
Galen B. King

Two-photon polymerization is a powerful technique in fabricating three dimensional sub-diffraction-limited structures. Recently, new sol-gel material, SZ2080, was introduced into two-photon polymerization and was proved to be better than the conventional materials for its negligible shrinkage. In this paper, two-photon polymerization was applied to generate woodpile structures, one kind of photonic crystal, using SZ2080. First, the relationship between scanning speed, laser power and resolution was determined through fabricating free-hanging lines. Based on this relationship, woodpile structures with different period distances were fabricated with high uniformity as shown by SEM images. Then optical properties of woodpile structures were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and a quantitative relationship between band gap and period distance was established.


NANO ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieqiong Lin ◽  
Xian Jing ◽  
Mingming Lu ◽  
Yan Gu ◽  
Baojun Yu ◽  
...  

Organically modified ceramics are used as photoresistors in the present work. The role of every ingredient played in two photon polymerization process is analyzed. A simple, compact and easy to locate experimental scheme is designed to fabricate nanorods in Ormocer. Based on the threshold theory of photon intensity, the lateral size dependences and vertical size dependences of nanorods on laser power and scanning speed are investigated, respectively. Through systematically changing processing parameters, a 136[Formula: see text]nm Ormocer suspended nanorod which is beyond diffraction limit resolution is obtained when [Formula: see text]m/s, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mW. By this means, two photon polymerization techniques show great potential to obtain a limiting resolution of Ormocer. What is more, micro gear, micro chair, photonic crystal and micro annular lens are fabricated in two photon polymerization in order to exhibit excellent mechanical and optical property of Ormocer.


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