Birefringence sensor based on coupling between exact constituent modes of LP11 in standard fiber

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Read ◽  
David D. Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Lp Formula

Pore structure characteristics and its effect on adsorption capacity of Niutitang marine shale in Sangzhi block, southern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. T843-T856
Author(s):  
Xinghua Wang ◽  
Arash Dahi Taleghani ◽  
Wenlong Ding
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Quartz Content ◽  
Isothermal Adsorption ◽  
Structure Characteristics ◽  
Marine Shale ◽  
Lp Formula ◽  
Organic Pores

Characteristics of shale pore structures may play an important role in natural gas accumulation and consequently estimating the original gas in place. To determine the pore structure characteristics of Niutitang marine shale in the Sangzhi block, we carried out [Formula: see text] adsorption-desorption (LP-[Formula: see text]GA), [Formula: see text] adsorption (LP-[Formula: see text]GA), and methane isothermal adsorption on shale samples to reveal the pore size distribution (PSD) and its impact on the adsorption capacity. Results indicate that the Niutitang Shale is in stages of maturity and overmaturity with good organic matter, and they also indicate well-developed interparticle, intraparticle, and organic pores. Quartz and clay are found to be the main minerals, and the high illite content means that the Niutitang Shale is experiencing the later stage of clay mineral transformation. Various-sized shale pores are well-developed, and most of them are narrow and slit-like. For pores with diameters of 2–300 nm measured with LP-[Formula: see text]GA, mesopores (2–50 nm) contribute most of the total specific surface area (SSA) and total pore volume (TPV) in comparison to macropores (50–300 nm). For micropores ([Formula: see text]) tested by LP-[Formula: see text]GA, the PSD appears to be multimodal; shale pores of 0.50–0.90 nm diameter contribute most of the SSA and TPV. [Formula: see text]-SSA and [Formula: see text]-SSA indicate positive correlations with their corresponding TPV. The total organic matter (TOC) has good correlation with the SSA and TPV of micropores. The Langmuir volume positively correlates with the total SSA. Additionally, the TOC content has a good correlation with the Langmuir volume, which is consistent with the observation of well-developed fossils of diatoms and organic pores. As an important source of organic matter, more diatoms mean more organic matter, larger TOC values and quartz content, larger SSA and TPV of micropores, and, of course, stronger shale adsorption capacity. The results provide important guidance for the exploration and development of shale gas existing in the Sangzhi block.

scholarly journals Extreme Risk, Excess Return and Leverage: The LP Formula

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Le Marois ◽  
Julie Mikhalevsky ◽  
Raphael Douady
Keyword(s):  
Excess Return ◽  
Extreme Risk ◽  
Lp Formula

scholarly journals Characterization of Two Cactus Formulation-Based Flocculants and Investigation on Their Flocculating Ability for Cationic and Anionic Dyes Removal

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1964
Author(s):  
Bouthaina Othmani ◽  
José A. F. Gamelas ◽  
Maria Graça Rasteiro ◽  
Moncef Khadhraoui
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Anionic Dyes ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Coagulation Performance ◽  
Flocculation Activity ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Lp Formula ◽  
Dye Solutions ◽  
Dyes Removal

Dye invasion in wastewaters is undeniably one of the crucial environmental concerns in addition to the supplement of toxic synthetic chemical flocculants used for color removal using the conventional coagulation-flocculation process. With the aim to improve the flocculation stage in terms of reagents safety and ensure dyes removal, the present study explores the flocculating effectiveness of two natural, stable, and eco-friendly cactus formulations, namely 60 °C oven-dried (DP) and lyophilized (LP) cladodes. Both formulations were assessed to treat cationic (Methylene blue; MB) and anionic (Methyl Orange; MO) dye solutions as a substitution attempt for the currently questioned employed synthetic chemical flocculants. Obtained results demonstrate that, in conjunction with alum as coagulant, the lyophilized powder (LP) bio-based flocculant appears to be the most efficient cactus formulation, showing a significant color (83%) and a turbidity (69%) abatement for the cationic dye (MB) and, respectively, 63% and 62% for the anionic one (MO). Additionally, the flocculation activity of the LP formula remained high over an eight-month period of storage. Moreover, based on the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis and the chemical characterization of cactus formulations, the occurring flocculation mechanisms of the dye removal are presumed to be based on both adsorption and bridging phenomena. Further, the significant color and turbidity decline achieved upon the addition of the lyophilized cactus cladodes powder (LP), enhancing thus the coagulation performance of the alum-based coagulant, proved the effectiveness of this bio-flocculant compared to the commonly used chemical flocculant (polyacrylamide). Hence, it was suggested that lyophilized cactus cladodes as a natural flocculant could be one of the effective surrogates to chemical flocculants conventionally used in wastewater treatment for the sake of a safer and sustainable environment.

scholarly journals Assessing the Lifetime Cost-Effectiveness of Low-Protein Infant Formula as Early Obesity Prevention Strategy: The CHOP Randomized Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1653
Author(s):  
Diana Sonntag ◽  
Freia De Bock ◽  
Martina Totzauer ◽  
Berthold Koletzko
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Lifetime Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Prevention Strategy ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
Lp Formula

Background: Although there is a growing number of early childhood obesity prevention programs, only a few of them are effective in the long run. Even fewer reports exist on lifetime cost-effectiveness of early prevention strategies. This paper aimed to assess the lifetime cost-effectiveness of infant feeding modification aiming at reducing risk of later obesity. Methods: The simulation model consists of two parts: (a) Model I used data from the European Childhood Obesity Project (CHOP) trial (up to 6 years) and the German Interview and Examination Survey for Children (KiGGS) (6–17 years) to evaluate BMI trajectories of infants receiving either lower protein (LP) or higher protein (HP) content formula; and (b) Model II estimated lifetime cost-effectiveness based on Model I BMI trajectories. Compared to HP formula, LP formula feeding would incur lower costs that are attributable to childhood obesity across all decades of life. Results: Our analysis showed that LP formula would be cost-effective in terms of a positive net monetary benefit (discounted 3%) as an obesity prevention strategy. For the 19% of infants fed with formula in Germany, the LP strategy would result in cost savings of € 2.5 billion. Conclusions: Our study is one of the first efforts to provide much-needed cost-effectiveness evidence of infant feeding modification, thereby potentially motivating interventionists to reassess their resource allocation.

COMPARISON BETWEEN BENCH PRESS AND LEG PRESS FOR CHANGES IN SERUM CREATINE KINASE ACTIVITY AND MUSCLE SORENESS

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550011
Author(s):  
Alexander Joseph Koch ◽  
Marco Machado ◽  
Jerry L. Mayhew
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Volume Load ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Body Resistance ◽  
Lp Formula

We compared perceived muscle soreness (MS) and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity after upper body or lower body resistance exercise. A total of 64 previously sedentary men were randomized into two groups: bench press (BP; [Formula: see text], age [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]y, body mass [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg,) or leg press (LP; [Formula: see text], age [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]y, body mass [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg). Subjects were tested for 1RM for their respective exercise. Two weeks later, subjects performed four sets to failure of each exercise at 85% 1RM. MS and serum CK activity were assessed before exercise and 24, 48, and 72[Formula: see text]h after exercise. Volume load lifted was significantly greater during LP than BP ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg versus [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg, respectively; [Formula: see text]). Despite a lesser volume load, BP elicited greater MS ([Formula: see text]) and peak CK activity ([Formula: see text]) than LP after exercise at each time period. MS was modestly correlated to volume load lifted during LP ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) but not during BP ([Formula: see text]). CK activity was not correlated with volume load for either BP or LP. In addition, MS was not significantly correlated with CK at any time period. These data indicate that upper body resistance exercise elicits greater levels of MS and CK than does lower body exercise in untrained men and suggests that both factors appear to be more dependent on the muscle group engaged rather than the amount of weight lifted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document