scholarly journals Extreme Risk, Excess Return and Leverage: The LP Formula

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Le Marois ◽  
Julie Mikhalevsky ◽  
Raphael Douady
Keyword(s):  
Excess Return ◽  
Extreme Risk ◽  
Lp Formula

EXTREME RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY (ERAM) IN AVIATION SYSTEMS

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1399-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalin Cioaca ◽  
Cristian-George Constantinescu ◽  
Mircea Boscoianu ◽  
Ramona Lile
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Extreme Risk ◽  
Risk Assessment Methodology

Magical banking capital: Neo-endogenous money (NEM)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Sovanbrata Talukdar
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Excess Return ◽  
Control Individual ◽  
Financial Constraint ◽  
Imperfect Market ◽  
External Finance ◽  
Endogenous Money

This research emerges with internal financial constraint. How financial constraint may lead to economic recess or back. This financial constraint is different than external finance constraint, and is not due to lack of gold, etc. It explains the positive relationship between excess return in stock market (ERSM) and non-real funding or riskier credit. The matter comes under imperfect market banking. It includes subsequently banking behavior and failure of central bank policy to control individual banks under these circumstances. In addition, it presents measures to get awareness before default comes, as financial default rare and crisis in financial market comes much before that.

scholarly journals Animal welfare risks of global aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. eabg0677
Author(s):  
Becca Franks ◽  
Christopher Ewell ◽  
Jennifer Jacquet
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Aquatic Animal ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Extreme Risk ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
High Production ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Number Of Individuals

The unprecedented growth of aquaculture involves well-documented environmental and public-health costs, but less is understood about global animal welfare risks. Integrating data from multiple sources, we estimated the taxonomic diversity of farmed aquatic animals, the number of individuals killed annually, and the species-specific welfare knowledge (absence of which indicates extreme risk). In 2018, FAO reported 82.12 million metric tons of farmed aquatic animals from six phyla and at least 408 species—20 times the number of species of farmed terrestrial animals. The farmed aquatic animal tonnage represents 250 to 408 billion individuals, of which 59 to 129 billion are vertebrates (e.g., carps, salmonids). Specialized welfare information was available for 84 species, only 30% of individuals; the remaining 70% either had no welfare publications or were of an unknown species. With aquaculture growth outpacing welfare knowledge, immediate efforts are needed to safeguard the welfare of high-production, understudied species and to create policies that minimize welfare risks.

The Effect of Patient and Hospital Characteristics on Total Costs of Peripheral Bypass in New York State

2021 ◽  
pp. 153857442199331
Author(s):  
Nicole Ilonzo ◽  
Cody Goldberger ◽  
Songhon Hwang ◽  
Ajit Rao ◽  
Peter Faries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
New York State ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Peripheral Bypass ◽  
Extreme Risk ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Fourth Quartile

Introduction: With the aging U.S. population, peripheral vascular procedures will become increasingly common. The objective of this study is to characterize the factors associated with increased total costs after peripheral bypass surgery. Methods: Data for 34,819 patients undergoing peripheral bypass surgery in NY State were extracted using the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database for years 2009-2017. Patient demographics, All Patient Refined Diagnostic Related Groups (APR) severity score, mortality risk, hospital volume, and length of stay data were collected. Primary outcomes were total costs and length of stay. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: 28.1% of peripheral bypass surgeries were performed in New York City. 7.9% of patients had extreme APR severity of illness whereas 32.0% had major APR severity of illness. 6.3% of patients had extreme risk of mortality and 1 in every 5 patients (20%) had major risk of mortality. 24.9% of patients were discharged to a facility. The mean length of stay (LOS) was 9.9 days. Patient LOS of 6-11 days was associated with +$2,791.76 total costs. Mean LOS of ≥ 12 days was associated with + $27,194.88 total costs. Multivariate analysis revealed risk factors associated with an admission listed in the fourth quartile of total costs (≥$36,694.44) for peripheral bypass surgery included NYC location (2.82, CI 2.62-3.04), emergency surgery (1.12, CI 1.03-1.22), extreme APR 2.08, 1.78-2.43, extreme risk of mortality (2.73, 2.34-3.19), emergency room visit (1.68, 1.57-1.81), discharge to a facility (1.27, CI 1.15-1.41), and LOS in the third or fourth quartile (11.09, 9.87-12.46). Conclusion: The cost of peripheral bypass surgery in New York State is influenced by a variety of factors including LOS, patient comorbidity and disease severity, an ER admission, and discharge to a facility.

scholarly journals The Healthcare Sector Employer’s Duty of Care: Implications for Worker Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6015
Author(s):  
Melissa McDiarmid ◽  
Marian Condon ◽  
Joanna Gaitens
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Extreme Risk

Pandemic diseases of this century have differentially targeted healthcare workers globally. These infections include Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Ebola. The COVID-19 pandemic has continued this pattern, putting healthcare workers at extreme risk. Just as healthcare workers have historically been committed to the service of their patients, providing needed care, termed their “duty of care”, so too do healthcare employers have a similar ethical duty to provide care toward their employees arising from historical common law requirements. This paper reports on results of a narrative review performed to assess COVID-19 exposure and disease development in healthcare workers as a function of employer duty of care program elements adopted in the workplace. Significant duty of care deficiencies reported early in the pandemic most commonly involved lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) availability. Beyond worker safety, we also provide evidence that an additional benefit of employer duty of care actions is a greater sense of employee well-being, thus aiding in the prevention of healthcare worker burnout.

scholarly journals Genetic program activity delineates risk, relapse, and therapy responsiveness in multiple myeloma

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Wall ◽  
Serdar Turkarslan ◽  
Wei-Ju Wu ◽  
Samuel A. Danziger ◽  
David J. Reiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Network ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Extreme Risk ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Transcription Regulators ◽  
Immunosuppressive Microenvironment

AbstractDespite recent advancements in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), nearly all patients ultimately relapse and many become refractory to multiple lines of therapies. Therefore, we not only need the ability to predict which patients are at high risk for disease progression but also a means to understand the mechanisms underlying their risk. Here, we report a transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) for MM inferred from cross-sectional multi-omics data from 881 patients that predicts how 124 chromosomal abnormalities and somatic mutations causally perturb 392 transcription regulators of 8549 genes to manifest in distinct clinical phenotypes and outcomes. We identified 141 genetic programs whose activity profiles stratify patients into 25 distinct transcriptional states and proved to be more predictive of outcomes than did mutations. The coherence of these programs and accuracy of our network-based risk prediction was validated in two independent datasets. We observed subtype-specific vulnerabilities to interventions with existing drugs and revealed plausible mechanisms for relapse, including the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Investigation of the t(4;14) clinical subtype using the TRN revealed that 16% of these patients exhibit an extreme-risk combination of genetic programs (median progression-free survival of 5 months) that create a distinct phenotype with targetable genes and pathways.

scholarly journals Indoor Air Quality at Home—An Economic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1679
Author(s):  
Amy Dymond ◽  
Stuart Mealing ◽  
Jessica McMaster ◽  
Hayden Holmes ◽  
Lesley Owen
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Extreme Risk ◽  
Intervention Cost

Background: People with respiratory conditions are susceptible to health problems caused by exposure to indoor air pollutants. An economic framework was developed to inform a guideline developed by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) to estimate the required level of efficacy necessary for an intervention to be cost-saving in dwellings across England. Methods: An economic modelling framework was built to estimate the incremental costs pre- and post-implementation of interventions designed to reduce exposure to indoor air pollution within dwellings of varying building-related risk factors and profiles. The intervention cost was varied simultaneously with the relative reduction in symptomatic cases of each health condition to estimate the point at which an intervention may become cost-saving. Four health conditions were considered. Results: People living in dwellings with either an extreme risk profile or usable floor area <90 m2 have the greatest capacity to benefit and save National Health Service (NHS) costs from interventions at any given level of effectiveness and upfront cost. Conclusions: At any effectiveness level, the threshold for the upfront intervention cost to remain cost-saving is equivalent across the different home characteristics. The flexible model can be used to guide decision-making under a range of scenarios.

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