Mechanical Properties of the Rat Brain: Effect of Age and Anatomical Region

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin S. Elkin ◽  
Barclay Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injured Patient ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Injury Biomechanics ◽  
Automotive Safety ◽  
Brain Deformation ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
Effect Of Age

Of the 1.5 million traumatic brain injuries (TBI) every year, about 250,000 require hospitalization and result in 50,000 deaths[1]. Outcome after TBI is strongly dependent on age[2, 3]. Because there is no pharmacological treatment for the head injured patient, prevention of TBI is paramount. By gaining an in depth understanding of injury biomechanics, it may be possible to design more effective protection either in the form of helmets or automotive safety systems. To this end, finite element models are frequently employed to understand the induced brain deformation due to injurious loading scenarios[4].

Toward a Functional Tolerance Criterion for the Hippocampus Developed From Organotypic Slice Cultures

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Yu ◽  
Woo Hyeun Kang ◽  
Barclay Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Injury Biomechanics ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Brain Deformation

Approximately 1.5 million traumatic brain injuries (TBI) occur each year which result in 50,000 deaths, and about 80,000 people are left with a permanent disability. The annual cost associated with these injures is estimated to be $60 billion. Because there is no pharmacological treatment for TBI, engineering strategies to prevent these injuries enabled through an improved understanding of injury biomechanics is crucial. To this end, finite element models play a central role for predicting brain deformation induced by various loading scenarios such as falls or motor vehicle accidents. Novel protection strategies can then be tested in silico before the start of physical testing. However, in their current form, finite element models predict only mechanical responses and cannot predict the biological response of the brain tissue to the imposed deformation.

scholarly journals Ambulance deceleration causes increased intra cranial pressure in supine position: a prospective observational prove of principle study

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iscander M. Maissan ◽  
Boris Vlottes ◽  
Sanne Hoeks ◽  
Jan Bosch ◽  
Robert Jan Stolker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supine Position ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Injured Patient ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Fluid Shift ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Intra Cranial Pressure

Abstract Background Ambulance drivers in the Netherlands are trained to drive as fluent as possible when transporting a head injured patient to the hospital. Acceleration and deceleration have the potential to create pressure changes in the head that may worsen outcome. Although the idea of fluid shift during braking causing intra cranial pressure (ICP) to rise is widely accepted, it lacks any scientific evidence. In this study we evaluated the effects of driving and deceleration during ambulance transportation on the intra cranial pressure in supine position and 30° upright position. Methods Participants were placed on the ambulance gurney in supine position. During driving and braking the optical nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) was measured with ultrasound. Because cerebro spinal fluid percolates in the optical nerve sheath when ICP rises, the diameter of this sheath will distend if ICP rises during braking of the ambulance. The same measurements were taken with the headrest in 30° upright position. Results Mean ONSD in 20 subjects in supine position increased from 4.80 (IQR 4.80–5.00) mm during normal transportation to 6.00 (IQR 5.75–6.40) mm (p < 0.001) during braking. ONSD’s increased in all subjects in supine position. After raising the headrest of the gurney 30° mean ONSD increased from 4.80 (IQR 4.67–5.02) mm during normal transportation to 4.90 (IQR 4.80–5.02) mm (p = 0.022) during braking. In 15 subjects (75%) there was no change in ONSD at all. Conclusions ONSD and thereby ICP increases during deceleration of a transporting vehicle in participants in supine position. Raising the headrest of the gurney to 30 degrees reduces the effect of breaking on ICP.

scholarly journals 3-D Measurements of Acceleration-Induced Brain Deformation via Harmonic Phase Analysis and Finite-Element Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1456-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold D. Gomez ◽  
Andrew K. Knutsen ◽  
Fangxu Xing ◽  
Yuan-Chiao Lu ◽  
Deva Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Harmonic Phase ◽  
Brain Deformation ◽  
Harmonic Phase Analysis

Transporting and Monitoring the Head-Injured Patient

1993 ◽  
pp. 515-518
Author(s):  
D. Deyo ◽  
◽  
P. Brockenbrough ◽  
R. Briggs ◽  
P. Fatouros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injured Patient ◽  
Head Injured Patient ◽  
Head Injured
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document