Replacing Mechanized Oxyfuel Cutting Sensors With Ion Current Sensing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Active Sensing ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Current Sensing ◽  
Additional Work ◽  
Oxygen Ratio

This paper describes a method using electrical characteristics of the torch, flame, and work piece to replace active sensing elements most commonly used for mechanized oxyfuel cutting applications; height, fuel/oxygen ratio, work temperature, and preheat flow rate. Calibrations are given for the torch under test for standoff accurate to ±1/32 in (0.8 mm) and F/O ratio accurate to ±.008. Methods are proposed for balancing flow across multi-torch systems, and detecting the work kindling temperature. Additional work is needed if calibrated flow and work temperatures are to be measured electrically.

Characterizations and Process Parameters of Titanium Dioxide Thin Film by RF Sputtering

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chii Rong Yang ◽  
Tun Ping Teng ◽  
Yun Yu Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Rf Sputtering ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Oxygen Ratio

In this study, we successfully combined RF magnetron sputtering of a pure Ti metal target and one-stage oxidation process with a wider oxygen ratio (10%-90%) and total sputtering flow rate (16-24 sccm) to produce TiO2thin films on a glass substrate. The crystallization, morphology, roughness, and thickness of the thin films were examined using XRD, HR-FESEM, AFM, and a profilometer. Subsequently, the photocatalytic performance was examined using a spectrometer and video tensiometer. The experimental results show that the TiO2thin films with a majority of anatase and higher roughness exhibit superior photocatalytic performance; the total sputtering gas flow rate of 18 sccm and oxygen content at 10% is the optimal option. Finally, an empirical formula to correlate the film thickness with deposition time was conducted for the sputtering flow rate of 18 sccm and the oxygen content of 10%.

scholarly journals Полевой транзистор на протонной проводимости пленок оксида графена и нафиона

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
В.А. Смирнов ◽  
А.Д. Мокрушин ◽  
Н.Н. Денисов ◽  
Ю.А. Добровольский
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistor ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Current Gain ◽  
Positive Bias ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Proton Current ◽  
Effect Transistor

AbstractProton conductivity in graphene oxide and Nafion films depending on humidity and voltages across electrodes is studied in the model of a field-effect transistor. The electrical characteristics of the films are similar to one another, but the mobility of positive charges in Nafion and the current gain are higher by 2–3 orders of magnitude compared with graphene oxide. The negative ion current in graphene-oxide films at positive bias voltage is significant compared with the proton current (up to ~10%), while it is almost lacking in Nafion films (<1%).

Influence of Pulsed Gas Feeding on Surface Defects and Mechanical Properties of Ti/TiN Multilayered Films Deposited by Ion Beam Assisted Magnetron Sputtering

2014 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Fu ◽  
Yi Ren ◽  
Cheng Biao Wang ◽  
Wen Yue ◽  
Song Sheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Multilayered Films ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
Sputtering Power

The influence of sputtering power, N2 flow rate, ion current and substrate temperature on the monolayer TiN films deposited by ion beam assisted magnetron sputtering and the effect of the on-off ratio and deposition period on the multilayered Ti/TiN films was studied. It was found that the key factors affecting surface defects of monolayer TiN films are sputtering power and N2 flow rate while ion current is the most significant factor affecting the hardness of monolayer TiN films. The surface defects can be greatly inhibited by pulsed gas feeding. The adhesion and hardness of the multilayered Ti/TiN films is improved with increasing on-off ratio or decreasing deposition period; the on-off ratio has a negligible effect on the surface defects of the multilayered Ti/TiN films while the surface defects of the multilayered Ti/TiN films become more obvious at a long deposition period.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of MQL Optimum Parameters in End Milling of AA6061-T6 using Taguchi Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Safiei ◽  
M.M. Rahman ◽  
S.A. Rusdan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Machining Performance ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Mql System

Minimum Quantity Lubricants is a technique in supplying small quantity of lubricant into machining area which also part of green manufacturing approach that receive wide attention globally. The main driven of introducing MQL method was due to negative environmental impact which leads to safety and health issues of conventional coolant among workers especially in tool and mould industries. Besides, based on research findings, the MQL system has the capability for lubricating and cooling both work piece and cutting tool. In order to find the best solution for machining and also to enhance machining performance, first and foremost the MQL parameters must be controlled wisely as it has remarkable effects on lubricant coverage, droplets size and subsequently influence the machining performance. Nozzle angle, nozzle distance and MQL flow rate are the important parameters studied and surface roughness is the response parameter. Therefore, in this study, MQL optimum parameters were explored by minimizing surface roughness in end milling process using Taguchi L9 orthogonal method. Aluminum Alloy 6061-T6 was selected as work piece material. The results show that the best combination of MQL parameters in minimizing surface roughness was obtained at 30mm nozzle distance, 30 degree nozzle angle and 1.98 mL/min MQL flow rate. Hence, based on this optimal condition, three confirmation runs were conducted. The margin error is acceptable which less than 10% and within prediction interval. This results can work as a base line guidance for any experimental that employ MQL system.

Ion current sensing-based lean blowout detection for a pulse combustor

2017 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangyan Li ◽  
Lijun Xu ◽  
Minglong Du ◽  
Lijun Yang ◽  
Zhang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Ion Current ◽  
Current Sensing ◽  
Lean Blowout ◽  
Pulse Combustor

scholarly journals Using Ion-current Sensing to Interpret Gasoline HCCI Combustion Processes

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Panousakis ◽  
Andreas Gazis ◽  
Jill Patterson ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Jamie Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Current ◽  
Current Sensing ◽  
Hcci Combustion ◽  
Combustion Processes

3D CFD Modeling and Validation of Ion Current Sensor in a Gen-Set Diesel Engine Using Chemical Kinetic Mechanism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Badawy ◽  
Naeim Henein
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Ionization Mechanism ◽  
Current Signal ◽  
Current Sensing ◽  
Cycle Simulation

The control of the combustion process is becoming a necessity for diesel engines in order to meet the upcoming stringent emission regulations. Ion current sensing technology has the potential to provide real-time feedback of the combustion process while using a fairly inexpensive sensor. 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) cycle simulation is becoming more complementary in understanding the complex combustion process in diesel engines. In this paper, a CFD study is focused on investigating the characteristics of the ion current signal produced during the combustion process of a Gen-set turbocharged diesel engine. Multiple virtual ion sensing probes are defined in different locations inside the combustion chamber to understand the influence of sensor location on signal characteristics. The n-heptane reaction mechanism and NO mechanism, combined with an ionization mechanism developed at WSU with 11 species, are used in the model to predict the chemical kinetics of combustion and the mole fraction of ionized species produced during combustion. Since the charge in diesel engines is heterogeneous and due to the sensing nature of the ion sensor, this paper explores the effect of sensor sensing diameter and its protrusion depth inside the combustion chamber on the ion current signal development. The simulation is validated by comparing in-cylinder pressure traces, the rate of heat release, and the ion current signal. Further, the model results are validated under different engine loads and injection pressures. This study utilizes the ionization mechanism to give further understanding of the complex formation of ionization species and their amplitudes, particularly at local sensing locations. This can be very vital to identify the potentials of using the ion current sensing and highlight its viability in feedback closed loop combustion control.

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