Development of Foamed PES-Zeolite Mixed Matrix Membranes for PEM Fuel Cell Humidification

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Borduin ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
High Price ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Weight Loading

Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell efficiency must be improved in order to become cost-competitive with fossil fuel based technologies. Approaches to increasing cost efficiency include raising fuel cell operating temperature, reducing component cost and properly controlling fuel cell humidification. We sought to fulfill all three requirements by developing a new low-cost, high-temperature humidification membrane material. Currently Nafion dominates the membrane humidifier market due to its excellent water transport characteristics, but its high price (∼$1000/m2) and low maximum operating temperature (<90°C) drive up fuel cell cost. We developed a competing PES-zeolite mixed matrix membrane (MMM) with a porous microstructure. Solvent casting was used to form the initial PES-zeolite films, followed by solid state foaming to alter the film morphology and create a porous structure. The effects of both zeolite weight loading and foaming duration on membrane permeability were investigated. Membrane measurement results show both foaming and increased zeolite weight loading enhance membrane water permeability close to levels seen in Nafion. Meanwhile, the membranes satisfies the Department of Energy (DOE) crossover gas requirement for humidification membrane materials.

Fabrication of Foamed Polyethersulfone–Zeolite Mixed Matrix Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Humidification

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Borduin ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
High Price ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Weight Loading

Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell efficiency must be improved in order to become cost competitive with fossil fuel-based technologies. Approaches to increasing cost efficiency include raising fuel cell operating temperature, reducing component cost, and properly controlling fuel cell humidification. We sought to fulfill all three requirements by developing a new low-cost, high-temperature humidification membrane material. Currently, Nafion dominates the membrane humidifier market due to its excellent water transport characteristics, but its high price (∼$1000/m2) and low maximum operating temperature (<90 °C) drive up fuel cell cost. We developed a competing polyethersulfone (PES)–zeolite mixed matrix membrane (MMM) with a porous microstructure. Solvent casting was used to form the initial PES–zeolite films, followed by solid-state foaming to alter the film morphology and create a porous structure. The effects of both zeolite weight loading and foaming duration on membrane permeability were investigated. Membrane measurement results show that both foaming and increased zeolite weight loading enhance membrane water permeability close to levels seen in Nafion. Meanwhile, the membranes satisfy the Department of Energy (DOE) crossover gas requirement for humidification membrane materials.

Kinetics studies on free radical scavenging property of ceria in polysulfone–ceria radiation resistant mixed-matrix membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amita Bedar ◽  
Beena G. Singh ◽  
Pradip K. Tewari ◽  
Ramesh C. Bindal ◽  
Soumitra Kar
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽  
Ceria Nanoparticles ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Host Matrix ◽  
Γ Radiation

Abstract Cerium oxide (ceria) contains two stable states of cerium ions (Ce3+ and Ce4+). The presence of these two states and the ability to swap from one state to another (Ce3+ ↔ Ce4+) by scavenging the highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from radiolysis of water, ensure the enhanced stability of polysulfone (Psf) membranes in the γ-radiation environment. In this study, the ROS scavenging ability of ceria was studied. Ceria nanoparticles were found to scavenge ROS like hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The H2O2 scavenging is due to the peroxidase-like catalytic activity of ceria nanoparticles. The ROS scavenging is responsible for offering protection to the Psf host matrix and in turn the stability to the Psf-ceria mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) in γ-radiation environment. Thus, presence of ceria nanoparticles provides an opportunity for utilizing Psf-ceria MMMs in ionizing radiation environment with increased life span, without compromise in the performance.

scholarly journals Multiple Amine-Contained POSS-Functionalized Organosilica Membranes for Gas Separation

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Xiuxiu Ren ◽  
Masakoto Kanezashi ◽  
Meng Guo ◽  
Rong Xu ◽  
Jing Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Separation ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Hybrid Membranes ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Translation Model ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Oligomeric Silsesquioxane

A new polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) designed with eight –(CH2)3–NH–(CH2)2–NH2 groups (PNEN) at its apexes was used as nanocomposite uploading into 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE)-derived organosilica to prepare mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas separation. The mixtures of BTESE-PNEN were uniform with particle size of around 31 nm, which is larger than that of pure BTESE sols. The characterization of thermogravimetric (TG) and gas permeance indicates good thermal stability. A similar amine-contained material of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was doped into BTESE to prepare hybrid membranes through a copolymerized strategy as comparison. The pore size of the BTESE-PNEN membrane evaluated through a modified gas-translation model was larger than that of the BTESE-APTES hybrid membrane at the same concentration of additions, which resulted in different separation performance. The low values of Ep(CO2)-Ep(N2) and Ep(N2) for the BTESE-PNEN membrane at a low concentration of PNEN were close to those of copolymerized BTESE-APTES-related hybrid membranes, which illustrates a potential CO2 separation performance by using a mixed matrix membrane strategy with multiple amine POSS as particles.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Temperature and Moisture to the Permeation Properties of PEO-Based Membranes for Carbon-Dioxide Separation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2053
Author(s):  
Dragutin Nedeljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Separation ◽  
Different Temperatures

An increased demand for energy in recent decades has caused an increase in the emissions of combustion products, among which carbon-dioxide is the most harmful. As carbon-dioxide induces negative environmental effects, like global warming and the greenhouse effect, a decrease of the carbon-dioxide emission has emerged as one of the most urgent tasks in engineering. In this work, the possibility for the application of the polymer-based, dense, mixed matrix membranes for flue gas treatment was tested. The task was to test a potential decrease in the permeability and selectivity of a mixed-matrix membrane in the presence of moisture and at elevated temperature. Membranes are based on two different poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymers filled with two different zeolite powders (ITR and IWS). An additive of detergent type was added to improve the contact properties between the zeolite and polymer matrix. The measurements were performed at three different temperatures (30, 60, and 90 °C) under wet conditions, with partial pressure of the water equal to the vapor pressure of the water at the given temperature. The permeability of carbon-dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen was measured, and the selectivity of the carbon-dioxide versus other gases was determined. Obtained results have shown that an increase of temperature and partial pressure of the vapor slightly increase both the selectivity and permeability of the synthesized membranes. It was also shown that the addition of the zeolite powder increases the permeability of carbon-dioxide while maintaining the selectivity, compared to hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TYPE ZEOLITE ON THE GAS TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF POLYIMIDE-BASED MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANES

REAKTOR ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tutuk Djoko Kusworo ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail ◽  
Azeman Mustafa ◽  
Kang Li
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Zeolite 4A ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Zeolite Type ◽  
Type Zeolite ◽  
Matrix Membranes

The permeation rates of O2, N2, CO2 and CH4 has been studied for polyimide-polyethersulfone (PI/PES) blends-zeolite mixed matrix membranes synthesized in our laboratory. The study investigated the effect of zeolite loading and different zeolite type on the gas separation performance of these mixed matrix membranes. Frequency shifts and absorption intensity changes in the FTIR spectra of the PI/PES blends as compared with those of the pure polymers indicate that there is a mixing of polymer blends at the molecular level. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements of pure and PI/PES blends membranes have showed one unique glass transition temperature that supports the miscible character of the PI/PES mixture. The PI/PES-zeolite 4A mixed matrix membrane with 25 wt % zeolite loading produced the highest O2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity of around 7.45 and 46.05, respectively.

scholarly journals P84/Zeolite-Carbon Composite Mixed Matrix Membrane for CO2/CH4 Separation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triyanda Gunawan ◽  
Retno Puji Rahayu ◽  
Rika Wijiyanti ◽  
Wan Norharyati Wan Salleh ◽  
Nurul Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Gas Permeation ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Polyimide Membrane ◽  
Phase Inversion Method

Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) which consist of 0.3 wt.% Zeolite-Carbon Composite (ZCC) dispersed in BTDA-TDI/MDI (P84 co-polyimide) have been prepared through phase inversion method by using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent. Membranes were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Membrane performance was measured by a single gas permeation of CO2 and CH4. The maximum permeability of CO2 and CH4, which up to 12.67 and 6.03 Barrer, respectively. P84/ZCC mixed matrix membrane also showed a great enhancement in ideal selectivity of CO2/CH4 2.10 compared to the pure P84 co-polyimide membrane.

Recovery of acetone from aqueous solution by ZIF-7/PDMS mixed matrix membranes

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (36) ◽  
pp. 28394-28400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpan Ying ◽  
Yuanlong Xiao ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Xiangyu Guo ◽  
Hongliang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Fermentation Broths ◽  
Matrix Membranes

Mixed matrix membrane containing ZIF-7 exhibits the excellent performance in the recovery of acetone from fermentation broths.

scholarly journals Enhanced O2/N2 Separation of Mixed-Matrix Membrane Filled with Pluronic-Compatibilized Cobalt Phthalocyanine Particles

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. S. C. Samarasinghe ◽  
Chong Yang Chuah ◽  
H. Enis Karahan ◽  
G. S. M. D. P. Sethunga ◽  
Tae-Hyun Bae
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Interfacial Defects ◽  
The Matrix

Membrane-based air separation (O2/N2) is of great importance owing to its energy efficiency as compared to conventional processes. Currently, dense polymeric membranes serve as the main pillar of industrial processes used for the generation of O2- and N2-enriched gas. However, conventional polymeric membranes often fail to meet the selectivity needs owing to the similarity in the effective diameters of O2 and N2 gases. Meanwhile, mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) are convenient to produce high-performance membranes while keeping the advantages of polymeric materials. Here, we propose a novel MMM for O2/N2 separation, which is composed of Matrimid® 5218 (Matrimid) as the matrix, cobalt(II) phthalocyanine microparticles (CoPCMPs) as the filler, and Pluronic® F-127 (Pluronic) as the compatibilizer. By the incorporation of CoPCMPs to Matrimid, without Pluronic, interfacial defects were formed. Pluronic-treated CoPCMPs, on the other hand, enhanced O2 permeability and O2/N2 selectivity by 64% and 34%, respectively. We explain the enhancement achieved with the increase of both O2 diffusivity and O2/N2 solubility selectivity.

PEM Fuel Cell Research Direction for Automotive Application

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Fagley ◽  
Jason Conley ◽  
David Masten
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Automotive Application ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Related Research

In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell-related research conducted and subsequently published by universities and public institutions. While a good deal of this research has been useful for understanding the underlying fundamental aspects of fuel cell components and operation, much of it is not as useful for a group working on automotive applications as it could be. The reason for this is that in order to be put to practical use in an automotive application, the system being studied must meet certain constraints; satisfying targets for projected system costs, system efficiency, volumetric and gravimetric power densities (packaging), and operating conditions. For example, numerous recent publications show studies with PEM fuel cells designed and built such that limiting current density is achieved at 0.9 A/cm2 or lower, and voltages of 600 mV can only be achieved at current densities less than 0.6 A/cm2. This type of performance is sufficiently below what is required for commercial application, that any conclusions drawn from these works are difficult to extrapolate to a system of commercial automotive interest. The purpose of this article is to show, through use of engineering calculations and cost projections, what operating conditions and performance are required in a commercial automotive fuel cell application. In addition, best known (public domain) performance and corresponding conditions are given, along with Department of Energy Freedom Car targets, which can be used for state-of-the-art benchmarking. Also, reference is made to a university publication where performance (500 mV at 1.5 A/cm2) close to automotive application targets was achieved, and important aspects of their components and flow field geometry are highlighted. It is our hope that through this publication, further PEM fuel-cell related research can be directed toward the region of greatest interest for commercial, automotive application.

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