Application of Geotechnical Criteria for the Occurrence of Earth Flows (Avalanches) on the Right of Way of Pipeline Transportation System of Camisea in the Coast Zone of Peru

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Oliveros ◽  
Emilio Hernández ◽  
Guillermo Soto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Pipeline Transportation ◽  
Nazca Plate ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Peruvian Coast ◽  
The Right

The Camisea’s Pipeline Transportation System (PTS) in Peru, owned by Transportadora de Gas del Perú (TgP) and operated by Compañía Operadora de Gas del Amazonas (COGA), stars in the Amazon rainforest, crosses the Andes Mountain (4850masl) and descends finally towards the coast of the Pacific. The PTS has more than 10 years of operation and it has two pipelines: one transports Natural Gas (NG) and the other Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) pipelines. The NG pipeline has a length of 864km including a Loop pipeline of 135km. The NGL pipeline has a length of 557km. Because of particular physiographic conditions of each geographic sector that cross the right-of-way (ROW), the integrity of the PTS acquires a level of significant susceptibility to the occurrence of geohazard, which are the product of natural erosive processes and mass movements. In the coast sector, one of the most representative processes of geotechnical instability is the soil or debris flow (mass movements of soils). The occurrence of this type of flow has a greater incidence in the torrential creek, which generate transport of large volumes of sediments during rainy seasons. The flow has destructive effects and therefore, it is necessary to analyze the geomorphological, geological and hydrological aspects of the main creek and rivers that crosses the ROW with the objective of maintaining the integrity of the pipelines. In Peru, the flows are associated and known as Huayco or Huaico. As an additional component, it is highlight that the Peruvian coast is located within the area of interaction between the South American Continental Plate and the Nazca Plate, where there is evidence of seismic activity with different magnitude that influence on the occurrence of geo-dynamic processes with certain periods of frequency that could change the terrane’s morphology. The current article describes technical aspects of identification, intervention, monitoring, and geotechnical control in sub-fluvial crossings with levels of potential damage to the geohazard defined as huayco in the integrity management program of PTS. This activity include 63 main sub-fluvial crosses, approximately 30% are of the seasonal flow regime, located in the coast zone; at the same time, these are tributary to main rivers of constant flow as is the case of the Pisco, Cañete and Mala rivers. In this paper, it is place a special emphasis on the fourth crossing of the Huáncano creek, because it is a place of potential impact in the occurrence of soil flows. Within the annual geotechnical maintenance of the sub-fluvial crosses, in the part of the Peruvian coast, for the operation of the PTS of TgP, bed and banks protection some works are implemented, such as: Check dams, re-channeling, levees and stone riprap (Stone armour). Likewise, a program of evaluation and technical inspection is develop: it includes the analysis of the expected levels of undermining and performance condition of the existing works, which allow defining the geotechnical intervention in a term according to the identified risk level. All in all framed within a process of permanent geotechnical monitoring of the right of way. Finally, it is highlighted that to date the application of the process described above has been continued, which has facilitated the development and continuous assessment of the risk condition by huaycos in the PTS of TgP. This program has maintained an operation with an acceptable level of risk in the areas of interest and avoiding problems and consequences of great impact to communities, the environment and the operation of the system.

Monitoring and Control System in an Area of Geotechnical Risk Unstable in the Camisea Gas Transport System

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando A. Velásquez Martinez ◽  
Carlos Romero Acero
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Tropical Mountains ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
The Right

The experience gained during the operation and maintenance activities on the Camisea Pipeline Gas Transport System (SDT) owned by TGP in Peru — which goes from the Amazon rainforest in the region of Cusco to the Pacific coast near Lima, along 729 Km — has led to the evolution and the optimization of the design, construction and maintenance processes regarding works focused on the stabilization of the slopes along the right of way of the pipeline carrying natural gas and natural gas liquid. This section of the right of way is 95 km long and crosses tropical mountains in the Amazon rainforest, in a transitional area between the Manugaly valley and the basin top boundary. It was noticed since 2005 that the right of way had being affected by a land slide consisting of a horizontal crack in the ground, between both pipelines and along them. So, after number of in-site inspections, the team concluded that the area was being affected by a large ground removal event. As a consequence, traces of geotechnical instability were found on the right side of the right of way, consisting of stress cracks, transverse settlements and leaks. All of those were affecting the stability conditions of the ground. From the annual in-site follow-up, monitoring and geotechnical testing, the team established that this process affecting the right of way was caused by a large mass removal process directly related to the increase of the imbalance rate of an old colluvial deposit below the entire area, triggered by the heavy rainfall in the area — ca. 3 500 mm a year, mainly between October and April. It is to be mentioned that the axis of the NG and NGL pipelines is located on the top of this colluvial deposit, which is susceptible to landslides. This is noticeable because of cracks present in the place. Local geomorphology and heavy deforestation — caused by locals — triggers an increase of the rainfall water filtration rate into the ground, thus speeding up the slide processes. Piezometers installed in the area showed high levels of the local water table. Movement readings are: top length: 70 m; length: 250 m; width: 150 m. Criteria for the construction of landslide mitigation structures in the pipeline área are being established based on a permanent land survey monitoring system — including inclinometers, piezometers and strain-gages — as this is a large regional movement. This control action allowed the operation to continue free of damages to the pipelines and under controlled costs.

Managing Geohazards in Hard Conditions: Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Pipelines That Crosses Amazonian Jungles and the Andes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Erick Malpartida Moya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Management System ◽  
Alternative Assessment ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
The Right

The hydrocarbon transmission system that belongs to Transportadora de Gas del Perú (TGP), comprise two parallel pipelines: a natural gas (NG) pipeline, which runs from the upstream facilities at Malvinas, in the Amazonian jungle of Cusco-Peru, to a reception station at Lurín (south of Lima); and a natural gas liquid (NGL) pipeline, which transports the condensed liquids from Malvinas to Pisco, on the coast of Peru. The right-of-way (ROW) crosses the Peruvian jungle with both pipelines in its first 200 kilometers, after climbs over the Andes Mountains at an elevation of 4860 masl, and descends steeply toward the coast along the Pacific Ocean. TGP’s Pipeline Integrity Management System (PIMS) has identified the Weather and Outside Forces such as main threat which increases the risk of the integrity of its pipelines in jungle and mountains areas. In pipelines with particular characteristics such as pipeline which crosses the Andes and the Amazonian jungle, this threat can cause even a greater number of failures than other threats such as Corrosion or TPD. This threat caused the 70% of the leaks of our NGL pipeline. The geotechnical and geologic conditions were key factors in the risk level of the system since the beginning of the operation. The PIMS of TgP has achieved an important development in the use and suitable handling of the information provided by diverse techniques of pipeline mechanical and the geotechnical inspection and monitoring of the ROW. Different alternative techniques of monitoring have to be taken into account. It is important also to take into account alternative assessment methodologies in order to determine the pipeline exposure, resistance and mitigation to this threat. By integrating these inspections, monitoring and particular assessments as part of PIMS, we have been able get accurate risk assessments in order to mitigate and/or minimize the occurrence of failures. In this way we are able to optimize efforts to preserve the integrity of our system and in addition minimize personal, environmental and business impact. Risk Assessment is an essential part of the Integrity Management System. Our company developed a very comprehensive and detailed Risk Assessment Model based on the guidelines of API 1160 and ASME B31.8S. The probability model is based on logic trees instead indexing models (the most commonly used), that is because we want to reflect in the result all the variables and factors: Exposition, Resistance and Mitigation Factors. By means of the pipeline Integrity Management System developed by TGP, we are able to mitigate risks due to outside forces. We have been able to act before any event becomes critical: TGP NGL pipeline’s failure rate due to WOF (number of failures per 1000 kilometers-years) decreases substantially from 5.39 to 1.26 in ten years of operation. For the whole system that rate decreases from 2.33 to 0.46.

Determining Critical Limits for Creep Velocities of OSBAT Right-of-Way Slope

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Hideki Ito ◽  
Vinicius Carvalho Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Management Program ◽  
Pipeline Network ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Risk Management Program ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Right ◽  
Huge Variety ◽  
Critical Limits

Petrobras Transporte S/A – TRANSPETRO – is the largest natural-gas processing company in Brazil and holds the leading position in fuel transportation and logistics in the country. The 14,000-km pipeline network, like other civil transportation infrastructure, crosses a huge variety of geological-geotechnical terrains, including those susceptible to natural hazards. The OSBAT right-of-way, which belongs to TRANSPETRO’s pipeline network, has become the object of study in this paper because some sections along the right-of-way have installed geotechnical instrumentation that indicates creep movements, which have been acting continuously for decades. Due to the importance of the OSBAT pipeline, a bibliographic review to support the development of limits for displacement velocity of slope shearing zones was concluded to assist the department responsible for evaluating when atypical behavior in the historical displacement data occurs. This geotechnical warning, allied with field and in-line inspections, will improve the pipeline risk management program. The limits for inclinometers were established using T-Student statistical analysis from a reading database based on geotechnical field inspections. However, direct correlation with pipe strain was not verified due to small accumulated displacements.

Management System for the Identification Risk, Qualification and Remediation of Geo-Hazards in Rocks and Residual Soils of the Camisea NG and NGL Pipelines

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando A. Vela´squez Marti´nez ◽  
Dimas Y. Robles Robles
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Management System ◽  
Geotechnical Engineering ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Residual Soils ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Right

An early identification of geo-hazards i.e. slides, fluvial erosion, eolic erosion, rainwater erosion among others and the subsequent mitigation and remediation of its effects on the Right of Way (ROW) and the pipelines, has prevented the occurrence of leaks in the Camisea NG and NGL Transportation System, which includes a 730 Km natural gas pipeline and a parallel 560 Km natural gas liquids pipeline, operated and maintained by Compan˜i´a de Gas del Amazonas (COGA). The Camisea Transportation System, traverse the Peruvian territory starting in Malvinas (Cusco). The NGL pipeline stops in Playa Loberi´a (Ica) and the NG pipeline stops in the City Gate, located in Luri´n (Lima). These pipelines traverse the Peruvian rainforest, the Andes Mountains and coastal areas. The intend of this paper is to describe the use of a Risk Matrix (RM) in order to calculate different risk levels for the prioritization of the geotechnical mitigation and stabilization works to be performed during the dry season of the Peruvian rainforest. The RM is a tool based on the so-called Safety Ratio, incorporating calculation parameters of the Security Factor used in the stability analysis of slopes. Once the work sites have been identified using the RM, the engineering design is performed, using geotechnical engineering techniques such as subsoil exploration, laboratory testing, mathematic modeling, designs and instrumentation. After the Geotechnical Engineering process has been completed, the Safety Ratio values estimated with the RM are replaced by Safety Factors. The paper concludes showing the benefits of the whole Risk Management System, which has been successfully applied in the first 200 Km of the ROW characterized by residual soils, slopes with more than 45° and 7000 mm in excess of rainfall per year.

Plan of Communications and Relationship With Third Parties for the Bolivia-Brazil Pipeline Right-of-Way

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma´rcia Cauduro
Keyword(s):  
Management Program ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Corporate Communications ◽  
Technical Staff ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Global Statistics ◽  
The Right

Objective: This work aims to present to the Plan of Communications and Relationship with Communities implemented by TBG as a tool for the Bolivia-Brazil Pipeline integrity management. Scope: In studies carried out by the European Gas Pipeline Incident Data Group (EGIG), global statistics demonstrate that most accidents involving pipelines are caused by improper actions of third parties. The expansion of sugar cane crops and the improvements in utilities, such as telephone, electricity, water and sewage services in the cities along the pipeline have increased the number of events of interference in the right-of-way. These facts have evidenced the need for creating a Plan of Communications and Relationship with landowners and neighboring communities to assure the continuous monitoring of the Bolivia-Brazil Pipeline right-of-way. The Plan of Communications and Relationship with Communities is designed to reduce the risk of accidents caused by the improper action of third parties. The strategy of action is focused on strengthening the relationships among the right-of-way technical staff, TBG subcontractors, and other publics affected by the pipeline. It also encourages the use of the toll-free Gas Hotline (0800 026 0400) - TBG main communication channel with communities. The intensive publicity targeted at specific audiences ensures that local populations and other relevant publics raise their awareness on the importance of preserving the right-of-way, and the precautions that must be taken in their neighborhoods, mainly in cases of interferences, such as urban improvement projects and farming activities by keeping permanent contact with TBG through the Gas Hotline. This work will also present the interfaces among the right-of-way technical staff, the corporate communications team, and specific target audiences; communication resources, guidelines, technical training programs, Gas Hotline monitoring and management plans, indicators of services provided to the communities and landowners, and the results of the Gas Pipeline Management Program.

ANALYSIS OF REGULATIONS REGARDING THE SETTLEMENT OF ISSUES ON THE REMOVAL AND RECOVERY OF PLANTATIONS IN THE RIGHT-OF-WAY OF PUBLIC ROADS

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kharytonova ◽  
Olha Mykolaienko ◽  
Tetyana Lozova
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Overhead Power Lines ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neck Diameter ◽  
Proper Operation

Greening of roads contributes to the protection of roads and their elements from influence of adverse weather and climatic factors; it includes the measures for improvement and landscaping of roads, ensures the protection of roadside areas from transport pollution, provides visual orientation of drivers. The solution of these issues will ensure creation and maintenance of safe and comfortable conditions for travelers. Green plantings in the right-of-way road area include woody, bushy, flower and grass vegetation of natural and artificial origin. For proper operation of public roads and satisfaction of other needs of the industry, there may be the need in removing the greenery. The reason for the removal of greenery in the right-of-way road area may be due to the following factors: construction of the architectural object, widening of the motor road, repair works in the security zone of overhead power lines, water supply, drainage, heating, telecommunications facilities, cutting of hazardous, dry and fautal trees, as well as self-grown and brushwood trees with a root neck diameter not exceeding 5 cm, elimination of the consequences of natural disasters and emergencies. The removal of plantations in the right-of-way area is executed in order to ensure traffic safety conditions and to improve the quality of plantations composition and their protective properties. Nowadays, in Ukraine there is no clear procedure for issuing permits for removing of such plantations. In order to resolve this issue, there is a need in determining the list of regulations in the area of forest resources of Ukraine and, if needed, the list of regulatory acts that have to be improved; to prepare a draft of the regulatory legal act that would establish the procedure of plantations cutting, the methodology of their condition determination, recovery costs determination, the features of cutting. Keywords: plantations, cutting, right-of-way, woodcutting permit, order.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document