Robust Direct Hydrocarbon Sensor Based on Novel Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites for Leakage Detection

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik Parmar ◽  
Chaneel Park ◽  
Simon Park
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Detection System ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Leakage Detection ◽  
The Impact

Leakage in oil and gas infrastructure, often cause significant financial losses, severe damage to the environment and raises public concern. In order to minimize the impact of spills, quick detection of a leak and a rapid response are needed. The systems currently employed to detect pipeline leakage range from simple visual checking to complex hardware and software systems such as mass balance, pressure point analysis, flow deviation, acoustic emission systems, and fibre-optic-based sensing technologies. These methods are useful, but there are certain limitations. The main drawback of the majority of these leak detection technologies is that they detect leakage indirectly, often unable to detect the leakage until the major spill. The preventive monitoring system and direct detection of hydrocarbon leakage are urgently needed to enable fast response and timely repairs with less deleterious effects. Research is being conducted for the development of a functional prototype and environmental testing of in-situ carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite based sensors for hydrocarbon leakage detection. The CNT nanocomposite offers a unique approach to the direct hydrocarbon leakage detection in pipelines and aboveground storage tanks (ASTs). Expanding the study from the previous report of sensor characteristics under the optimal ambient condition, it was further investigated to identify the sensor performance under harsh conditions such as the underground (exposed to the soil) with compost and moisture, high pressure, changing temperature and long-term exposure to the outdoor environment. Investigation of the sensor behavior is studied, and a performance matrix is developed that accounts for the change in sensor response to various environmental conditions. Results showed that the proposed CNT nanocomposite sensor was applicable under given conditions with immediate responses while maintaining high sensitivity to the hydrocarbon leakage. Once a list of sensor detection specifications is defined, it is anticipated that the CNT sensor technology is applicable as part of a robust, reliable and accurate early detection system for the pipeline industry.

Speed of Sound Measurement in Solids Using Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Sensors

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon M. Headings ◽  
Kunal Kotian ◽  
Marcelo J. Dapino
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Wave ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Response Times ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Load Path ◽  
Straightforward Method ◽  
The Impact

Piezoelectric film sensors such as polyvinylidene flouride (PVDF) generate an electrical voltage in response to an applied mechanical stress with a remarkably high sensitivity. They provide very fast response times and do not require extensive signal conditioning. This paper presents a straightforward method of measuring the speed of sound in solid materials and structures using commercial PVDF sensors. PVDF sensors are most commonly used to measure stresses applied in the sensors’ thickness direction. However, this requires that the sensors be located in the load path, which may result in damage to the sensor or affect the response of the system. In this paper, two PVDF sensors are bonded to the side of a structure and a small impact is applied to one end. The sensors are used to measure the time for the impact-induced plane stress wave to travel between the sensors. The observed speed of the propagating stress wave is shown to be in good agreement with the theoretical speed of sound for the material and finite element calculations. In addition, the finite element simulations confirm the validity of the plane wave assumption for non-ideal and non-uniform impact inputs.

scholarly journals UAV and Its Approach in Oil and Gas Pipeline Leakage Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Saheed Akande ◽  
Adedotun Adetunla ◽  
Tosin Olanrewaju ◽  
Adeyinka Adeoye
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Leakage Detection ◽  
Response System ◽  
System A ◽  
Area Of Interest

The synergy of vibration and gas sensors with unmanned aerial vehicles for a low-response-time Leakage Detection System (LDS) is explored in this work. Several pipeline accidents have occurred, most of which were triggered by untimely detection of pipe leakages in systems conveying oil and gas in many developing countries. The consequences of this include human casualties, environmental degradation, economic loss, and loss of resources. To limit the damages caused by inevitable leakages, a low-time-response system for leakage detection is required. Response time derived from the LDS is compared to the typical response time obtained from an existing system to determine the efficiency of the developed system. A comparative analysis of the response time of the designed LDS and existing systems reveals that the designed LDS response time is 1146.7% faster and having a pictorial view of the localized area of interest would go a long way to preventing unnecessary mobilization for site visits and eradicating the costly effect of false alarms.

Dielectric Barrier Discharge Detection System Based on PMT

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 2057-2063
Author(s):  
Ding Qu Zhang ◽  
Rui Min Chen ◽  
Yong Xiao ◽  
Wei Ming Sun ◽  
Jia Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Barrier Discharge ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Detection System ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Photoelectric Conversion ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Interference Signals ◽  
Discharge Detection

This paper puts forward a dielectric barrier discharge detection system using PMT for photoelectric element. According to faint light signal characteristics and testing purpose of dielectric barrier discharge, this system is designed, including three parts: optical fiber transmission, photoelectric conversion and signal processing circuit. This paper introduces design and ideas of the system framework and presents circuit design parameter. Results in atmospheric pressure of dielectric barrier discharge detection experiment show that the system has high sensitivity, fast response, can effectively distinguish discharge and interference signals, gather more signals in different areas.

scholarly journals Imbalanced Mach-Zehnder Modulator for Fading Suppression in Dispersion-Uncompensated Direct Detection System

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 2866
Author(s):  
Yixiao Zhu ◽  
Xin Miao ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Longjie Yin ◽  
Weisheng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Forward Error Correction ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Transmission Experiment ◽  
Mach Zehnder Modulator ◽  
The Impact

In this work, we systematically analyze the impact of three kinds of Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) imbalances, including bias deviation, amplitude mismatch, and differential time skew in intensity-modulation direct-detection (IM-DD) links. It is shown that, for power fading limited transmission, the imbalances can be utilized as advantages rather than impairments. Specifically, the bias deviation with single-arm driven mode and amplitude mismatch with differential driven mode can increase the available bandwidth by shifting the frequency of fading notches. Meanwhile, time skew provides another way to avoid fading by shaping the double sideband (DSB) signal into a vestigial sideband (VSB) with an asymmetrical transfer function. In the transmission experiment, 34 Gbaud Nyquist 6/8-ary pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-6/8) signals are used for investigation in a 20 km dispersion-uncompensated standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) link. With the help of a Volterra nonlinear equalizer, all three kinds of imbalances can achieve bit-error rates (BERs) below the 7% and 20% hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) thresholds for PAM-6 and PAM-8 signals, respectively. The received power sensitivity is also compared at the back-to-back (BTB) case and after fiber transmission. Both numerical simulation and experimental demonstration confirm that the dispersion-induced power fading can be effectively suppressed with bias, amplitude, or skew imbalance, providing a feasible solution for transmission distance extension of C-band DD links.

scholarly journals A Carbon Nanotube–Metal Oxide Hybrid Material for Visible-Blind Flexible UV-Sensor

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Pawan Pathak ◽  
Sanghoon Park ◽  
Hyoung Jin Cho
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Flexible sensors with low fabrication cost, high sensitivity, and good stability are essential for the development of smart devices for wearable electronics, soft robotics, and electronic skins. Herein, we report a nanocomposite material based on carbon nanotube and metal oxide semiconductor for ultraviolet (UV) sensing applications, and its sensing behavior. The sensors were prepared by a screen-printing process under a low-temperature curing condition. The formation of a conducting string node and a sensing node could enhance a UV sensing response, which could be attributed to the uniform mixing of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes and zinc oxide nanoparticles. A fabricated device has shown a fast response time of 1.2 s and a high recovery time of 0.8 s with good mechanical stability.

Microcor Corrosion Monitoring Technology and its Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 579-583
Author(s):  
Yan Hui Pi ◽  
Chun Zhang ◽  
Ke Xi Liao ◽  
Ou Yang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Technical Characteristic ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Technology ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Loss Method

With the purpose of comprehensive understanding of the oil and gas pipeline corrosion factors and formulating correct anti-corrosion programs, working principle, technical characteristic, monitoring procedures, application examples of Microcor corrosion monitoring were described in this paper. Compared with commonly used corrosion monitoring technology such as weight loss method, linear polarization resistance method, resistance probe method, Microcor corrosion monitoring has the advantages of high sensitivity, wide application, stable performance, fast response and high resolution. Microcor corrosion monitoring corrosion is the ideal test technology of corrosion process monitoring and corrosion process control, especially for the inhibitor effect evaluation.

Microfabrication of Thermoelectric Hydrogen Sensor Using KOH Solution Etching

2006 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Tajima ◽  
Yeong Soo Choi ◽  
Woosuck Shin ◽  
Noriya Izu ◽  
Ichiro Matsubara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Hydrogen Oxidation ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Hydrogen Sensor ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Circuit Fabrication ◽  
Voltage Signal

Micromachined sensors are a new generation of sensor technology combining existing integrated circuit fabrication technology with novel deposition and etching processing. In the viewpoint of low-power operation, high sensitivity and fast response speed of thermoelectric hydrogen sensor (THS), we prepared the micromachined thermoelectric hydrogen sensor (micro-THS) with the combination of the thermoelectric effect of SiGe thin film and the Pt-catalyzed exothermic reaction of hydrogen oxidation. The power consumption of the micro-THS was greatly reduced to be 50 mW for 100 °C operating, by the Pt-micro-heater on single membrane. The micro-THS with 40 wt.% Pt/alumina catalyst showed voltage signal of 10 mV for 1 % H2 in air.

scholarly journals Real-Time Monitoring of a Botulinum Neurotoxin Using All-Carbon Nanotube-Based Field-Effect Transistor Devices

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam Lee ◽  
Seung-Hoon Nahm ◽  
Insung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Field Effect Transistor ◽  
Detection System ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Unique Peptide ◽  
Effect Transistor

The possibility of exposure to botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), a powerful and potential bioterrorism agent, is considered to be ever increasing. The current gold-standard assay, live-mouse lethality, exhibits high sensitivity but has limitations including long assay times, whereas other assays evince rapidity but lack factors such as real-time monitoring or portability. In this study, we aimed to devise a novel detection system that could detect BoNT at below-nanomolar concentrations in the form of a stretchable biosensor. We used a field-effect transistor with a p-type channel and electrodes, along with a channel comprising aligned carbon nanotube layers to detect the type E light chain of BoNT (BoNT/E-Lc). The detection of BoNT/E-Lc entailed observing the cleavage of a unique peptide and the specific bonding between BoNT/E-Lc and antibody BoNT/E-Lc (Anti-BoNT/E-Lc). The unique peptide was cleaved by 60 pM BoNT/E-Lc; notably, 52 fM BoNT/E-Lc was detected within 1 min in the device with the antibody in the bent state. These results demonstrated that an all-carbon nanotube-based device (all-CNT-based device) could be produced without a complicated fabrication process and could be used as a biosensor with high sensitivity, suggesting its potential development as a wearable BoNT biosensor.

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