Effect of Dent Depth on the Burst Pressure of NPS30 X70 Pipes With Dent-Crack Defect

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ghaednia ◽  
Sreekanta Das ◽  
Rick Wang ◽  
Richard Kania
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Crack Depth ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Line Pressure ◽  
Dent Depth ◽  
Crack Defect

Pipeline is the common mode for transporting oil, gas, and various petroleum products. Buried linepipe can be exposed to various external interferences and corrosive environment and as a result, damage in the form of dent or corrosion or crack or gouge or combination of any of these damages can form in the pipe wall. Such damage or combined damages can reduce the pressure capacity of the pipeline. A defect combining dent and crack, often known as dent-crack defect, can develop in the wall of a buried oil and gas linepipe. This combined defect may lead to a leak or a rupture in the pipe wall and hence, the pipeline operator becomes concerned about the performance and safety of the pipeline when a dent-crack defect is detected in the field pipeline. A long-term research program is currently underway at the Centre for Engineering Research in Pipelines, University of Windsor to study the influence of various parameters such as dent depth and operating line pressure on the pressure capacity or burst strength of 30 inch diameter and X70 grade pipes with D/t of about 90. From the study completed so far, it has been found that the dent depth of 8% with crack depth of 4 mm or more can reduce the pressure capacity by 32%. This paper discusses the test specimens, test setup, test procedure, test results, and data obtained from finite element analyses.

Effect of Operating Pressure and Dent Depth on Burst Strength of NPS30 Linepipe With Dent–Crack Defect

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ghaednia ◽  
Sreekanta Das ◽  
Rick Wang ◽  
Richard Kania
Keyword(s):  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Crack Depth ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Burst Strength ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Line Pressure ◽  
Dent Depth ◽  
Crack Defect

Buried linepipe can be exposed to various external interferences and corrosive environment and as a result, damage in the form of dent or corrosion or crack or gouge or combination of any of these damages can form in the pipe wall. A defect combining dent and crack, often known as dent–crack defect, which may lead to a rupture or leak in the pipe wall and hence, the pipeline operator becomes concerned about the performance and safety of the pipeline. A research was recently completed at the Centre for Engineering Research in Pipelines (CERP), University of Windsor to study the influence of dent depth and operating line pressure on the pressure capacity (burst strength) of 30 in. diameter and X70 grade linepipe. This study found that the dent depth of 12% with crack depth of 4 mm or more can reduce the pressure capacity by 38%. This paper discusses the test specimens, test setup, test procedure, test results, and data obtained from finite element analyses.

Effect of Crack Depth on Burst Strength of X70 Linepipe With Dent-Crack Defect

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ghaednia ◽  
Sreekanta Das ◽  
Jamshid Zohrehheydariha ◽  
Rick Wang ◽  
Richard Kania
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Crack Depth ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Burst Strength ◽  
Crack Defect

External interferences cause various defects, which significantly affect the transportation of oil and gas in pipelines. Corrosion, crack, puncture, dent, gouge, and combination of such damages from a variety of external interferences are some common examples of surface damage in pipelines. Gouges, dents, cracks, and punctures that form in the pipe wall as a result of contact and/or impact from foreign objects are often referred to as mechanical damage. Structural integrity of oil and gas transmission pipelines is often threatened by these mechanical damages and as a result, a failure of the pipeline may occur. A defect that contains both dent and crack, often known as dent-crack defect, may lead to a rupture or leak in the pipe wall. This kind of defect is a matter of serious concern for the pipeline operator since a rupture or a leak may occur. Hence, an experimental study was completed at the Centre for Engineering Research in Pipelines (CERP), University of Windsor on 30 inch (762 mm) diameter and X70 grade pipes with D/t of 90. This project was undertaken through laboratory based experimental work and numerical study using non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) method. The purpose of full-scale test was to collect test data to be able to validate finite element (FE) model. The validated FE model was then used to undertake parametric study for determining the effect of the crack depth and operating (internal) pressure on the burst strength of NPS30 X70 grade oil and gas pipe. The parameters chosen in the FE based parametric study are: (1) crack depth which was varied from 0.25 to 0.75 of pipe wall thickness and (2) internal pressure applied during denting process (operating pressure of linepipe) was varied from no internal pressure to 0.75py. This study found that the dent-crack defect with crack depth of 75% of wall thickness could reduce the pressure capacity by 54%.

Strength of Line Pipe With Dent and Crack Defect

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Rafi ◽  
Jorge Silva ◽  
Sara Kenno ◽  
Sreekanta Das ◽  
Richard Kania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Pressure Tests ◽  
The University ◽  
Crack Defect ◽  
Pipe Lines

Pipeline industry and various research organizations have been undertaking studies to understand how the pressure strength of line pipes reduces as the defects in the line pipes grow. Defect in pipe lines can be in the form of corrosion, dent, wrinkle, gouge, crack, and combinations of these. A large number of studies have been completed in developing methods for determining the pressure strength of line pipes with dent and gouge defects and also in the form of combined dent-gouge defect. Some of these studies were undertaken with the intention of determining the pressure strength of line pipes when a combined dent and crack (dent-crack) defect has formed. However, in these studies no cracks were simulated in the test pipe specimens; instead, a gouge (machined cut or notch) was produced and considered as a crack. Therefore, it is not realistic to call this defect a dent-crack defect; rather, it should be called dent-gouge defect. Hence, the current project is being undertaken at the University of Windsor to study how the dent-crack defect influences the pressure strength of line pipes. In this study, a crack in true sense was introduced in the pipe wall. Two different techniques were used to simulate the crack in the pipe wall. This paper discusses the procedures used in this study to simulate crack and dent. In addition, the test procedure and test data obtained from denting and pressure tests are discussed.

Prediction of the fracture life of a wrinkled steel pipe subject to low cycle fatigue load

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1131-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreekanta Das ◽  
J J. Roger Cheng ◽  
David W Murray
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Load

The economy of Canada depends largely on the performance of the hydrocarbon-based energy industry (oil and gas), which in turn is dependent on the performance of steel pipelines that are used for transporting crude oil, natural gas, and petroleum products. Field observations of buried pipelines indicate that it is not uncommon for geotechnical movements to impose large displacements on the pipelines, resulting in localized curvature, deformations, and strain in the pipe wall. Often these local deformations result in local buckling (wrinkling) in the pipe wall, and in the post-buckling range of response such wrinkles develop rapidly. Subsequent cyclic load histories may produce cyclic plastic strain reversals leading to the formation of fractures in the wrinkle region. This paper presents the development and application of a simple fracture-life assessment model that can be used successfully by the pipeline industries to assess the remaining life before fracture of wrinkled pipelines subject to strain reversals due to low cycle fatigue loadings.Key words: wrinkled pipeline, low cycle fatigue load, plastic strain reversal, fracture, hysteresis loop energy, fracture-life assessment model.

On Building a Model for the Efficient Development of the Oil and Gas Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 971-982
Author(s):  
R. Kh. Azieva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oil And Gas Enterprises

Aim. The presented study aims to build a model for the efficient development of the oil and gas industry in the long term. Tasks. The authors investigate the peculiarities of the development of the oil and gas industry in the Russian Federation at the present stage when the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has had a significant impact on the reduction of oil production and global demand for oil and petroleum products; identify strategic directions for the development of the oil and gas industry in Russia and substantiate the need for government measures to support the oil and gas industry, including the possibility of forming innovative investment resources and reducing the tax burden in combination with a global shift away from fossil fuels, which will ensure more efficient use of oil and gas reserves. Methods. This study uses the theory and methodology of strategizing developed by academician V.L. Kvint as a basis for determining strategic directions and priorities for the development of the oil and gas industry. An economic and mathematical regression model for predicting the volume of oil production in the Russian Federation over the next five years is developed with allowance for the priorities of the methodology under consideration. Results. Substantiation of the projected values of oil production increases the preparedness of Russian oil companies and the government, allowing them to respond to various scenarios in the future and thus making it possible to develop an efficient strategy based on preventive measures to reduce the impact of oil price volatility on the Russian economy. Calculations show that Russia will most likely not be able to fully realize its production potential. In the long term, oil production will naturally decline due to the depletion of the resource base. One of the prerequisites for the successful operation of oil and gas enterprises is their orientation towards an innovative strategy in the context of sustainable development. Conclusions. The era of cheap oil and unexpected profits from hydrocarbons is gradually coming to an end. Therefore, strategically important directions for the oil and gas industry include the modernization of technologies and equipment by attracting investments in oil and gas enterprises and the development of the industry’s infrastructure, diversification of the refining industry, reduction of crude oil exports, and increased exports of finished petroleum products.

Out-of-Roundness in NPS30 X70 Pipes Subjected to Concentrated Lateral Load

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ghaednia ◽  
Jamshid Zohrehheydariha ◽  
Sreekanta Das ◽  
Rick Wang ◽  
Richard Kania
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Lateral Load ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Concentrated Load ◽  
Engineering Research

Pipeline is the common mode for transporting oil, gas, and various petroleum products. Structural integrity of oil and gas transmission pipelines is often threatened by external interferences such as concentrated load, impact load, and external pressure. These external interferences can cause ‘mechanical damage’ leading to structural failure in onshore and offshore linepipes. Lateral load is applied as a concentrated load on a small area of pipe segment and can cause local buckling, bend, dent, or out-of-roundness in the pipe. As an example, a concentrated load in buried onshore linepipe can occur if a segment of the linepipe rests on a narrow rock tip or even a narrow hard surface. Such concentrated lateral load may or may not cause immediate rupture or leak in the linepipe; however, it may produce out-of-roundness with or without a dent in the pipe cross section, which can be detrimental to the structural and/or operational integrity of the pipeline. Hence, the pipeline operator becomes concerned about the performance and safety of the linepipe if a pipe section is subject to a sustained concentrated load. A research work using full-scale tests and finite element method (FEM) was undertaken at the Centre for Engineering Research in Pipelines (CERP), University of Windsor to study the influence of various internal pressures and diameter-to-thickness ratios on the out-of-roundness of 30 in diameter (NPS 30) and X70 grade pipes with D/t of 90 when subjected to a stroke-controlled concentrated load. This paper discusses the test specimens, test setup, test procedure, test results, and FEM results obtained from this study.

Risk Management in the Oil and Gas Industry Related to the AI Tools

2021 ◽  
pp. 339-364
Author(s):  
Catalin Popescu ◽  
Lazăr Avram ◽  
Ion Mocanu
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Executive Directors ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

The oil and gas industry is in a stage of intense focus on safety, preparing for better management of environmental risks and mitigating them. Given the policy of corporate social responsibility, technical and economic challenges, as well pressures in domain-specific regulations, it has become increasingly obvious that the management of these risks is essential for long-term sustainability of oil and gas companies. Research shows that safety and environmental issues, compliance with regulatory rules, price volatility, and rising challenges associated with access to oil and gas reserves and markets are the top risks identified by oil and gas industry executive directors. In this sense, the tools offered by artificial intelligence can contribute to the proper management of these risks and to the adequate monitoring of all the categories of processes that take place at the level of the optimized production generated by the gas wells, regarding the transport of petroleum products through the pipelines and especially with regard to offshore activities.

Behavior of NPS30 Pipe Subject to Denting Load

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ghaednia ◽  
Kyle Gerard ◽  
Sudip Bhattacharjee ◽  
Sreekanta Das
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

Pipeline is the common mode for transporting oil, gas, and various petroleum products. Structural integrity of oil and gas transmission pipelines is often threatened by external interferences such as concentrated lateral loads and as a result, a failure of the pipeline may occur due to “mechanical damages”. Sometime, this load may not cause immediate rupture of pipes; rather form a dent which can reduce the pressure capacity of the pipeline. A dent is a localized defect in the pipe wall in the form of a permanent inward plastic deformation. This kind of defect is a matter of serious concern for the pipeline operator since a rupture or a leak may occur. Accordingly, an extensive experimental study is currently underway at the Centre for Engineering Research in Pipelines (CERP), University of Windsor on 30 inch (762 mm) diameter and X70 grade pipes with D/t of 90. The aim of this research is to examine the influence of various parameters such as dent shape and service pressure on strain distributions of dented pipe. Also, three-dimensional finite element models were developed and validated for determining strains underneath the indenter. The load-deformation behavior of pipes subject to this type of lateral denting load obtained from experimental study and finite element analysis is discussed in this paper. In addition, distributions of important strains in and around the dent obtained from the study are also discussed.

The Belt and Road Initiative: Goals and Challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Adnan Khalaf i Hammed Al-Badrani ◽  
Hind Ziyad Nafeih
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Ancient Silk Road ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative is an initiative to revive the ancient Silk Road, through networks of land and sea roads, oil and gas pipelines, electric power lines, the Internet and airports, to create a model of regional and international cooperation.       It is essentially a long-term development strategy, launched by the Chinese president in 2013 to become the main engine of Chinese domestic policy and foreign diplomacy and within the framework of the soft power strategy, to enhance its position and influence in the world as a peaceful and responsible country.   The study includes identifying the initiative and setting goals for China, as well as the challenges and difficulties that hinder the initiative.

Methods for assessing territory pollution by oil or petroleum product spills

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
S. I. Chelombitko ◽  
V. V. Piven
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Gas Fields

During the development of oil and gas fields and transportation of hydrocarbons, the ecology of regions is subject to various negative impacts. The most severe consequences for the environment are caused by accidental spills of oil or petroleum products, which occur due to through damage to pipelines. Polluted territories are subject to mandatory reclamation in accordance with government regulations and industry regulations. However, despite the measures taken by the administrations of the northern regions to increase the rate of reclamation of damaged territories in recent years, there has been a trend of growth of areas contaminated with hydrocarbons.Various remediation technologies that have been tested in warm and temperate climates are not very effective in regions with permafrost. Pollution of the daytime surface with oil or petroleum products leads to an increase in the absorption of the sun's radiant energy, the growth of the seasonal thaw layer and the development of destructive processes for the territory. To achieve a positive effect as a result of rehabilitation measures, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the territory and the extent of its pollution.

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