Corrosion Monitoring as an Integral Component of an Effective Corrosion Management Program

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen N. Bich ◽  
Eric Kubian
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Device ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Monitoring Plan ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms

An effective pipeline integrity management program requires four components: a comprehensive understanding of corrosion mechanisms taking place in the pipeline, an effective corrosion mitigation plan responsive to the expected mechanisms, a monitoring plan to provide feedback to the corrosion mitigation plan and a selective inspection plan to validate the corrosion mechanisms and mitigation effectiveness and to confirm the pressure-containment capability of the pipeline. This paper describes several case studies where the use of a suitable corrosion monitoring device has led to an early warning of the lack of performance of the mitigation measures which, if left unchecked, could result in more severe corrosion and eventually, failure.

An Approach to Corrosion Mitigation for Wet Gas Pipelines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen N. Bich
Keyword(s):  
Internal Surface ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Wet Gas ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms

Relationship between flow regimes and corrosion mechanisms in pipelines is discussed. Flow regime affects how the water is delivered to the internal surface of the pipeline and the protective nature of the corrosion products / liquid hydrocarbon barrier film. Differences in corrosion mechanisms between CO2, CO2 + low H2S, and CO2 and high H2S are also presented. Mitigation measures should be designed to match expected flow regimes and corrosion mechanisms during all phases of production including start up, steady state, shut-in, acid stimulation, etc. Different corrosion monitoring methods are compared. Verification of pressure containing capability by inspection is also key to a pipeline corrosion management program.

Proactive Approaches to Geohazard Management

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ruik Beyhaut
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Bending Strain ◽  
Actual Movement ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
External Forces

To control the threats from external forces, pipeline owners and operators require detailed information about their pipeline infrastructure and the environment surrounding that infrastructure. The contribution from geographic data is recognized as an increasingly important part of a complete integrity management program, particularly for the identification of geohazards. This is because geohazards are generally characterized by high spatial variability, are complex and difficult to quantify but may result in catastrophic failure of pipelines. In recent years we have seen widespread technological development surrounding the processes to capture information in order to deliver quantitative inputs for pipeline engineers, risk & geotechnical experts. International codes & best practices (e.g. AS 2885.1-2012) state that “Environmental impact assessment is not simply a vehicle to obtain regulatory approval, it is a critical element of the planning for design, construction and operation of the pipeline.” Furthermore, geohazards frequently develop during the service life of pipelines. Consequently, regulators recommend that assessments are conducted on an ongoing basis to identify all potential threats and implement mitigation measures. A process has been developed to create efficient and economical solutions for monitoring and assessing the significance of pipeline bending strain and whether actual movement has taken place. This process can make use of a variety of inputs including slope gradient, climate, groundwater conditions, slope instability, seismic intensity, and environmental impacts, and can provide important information in the determination of potential mitigations. This paper will review the benefits which can be gained from the implementation of integrated approaches to inform geohazard management.

Elements of an Engineering-Based Integrity Management Program

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Scrivner ◽  
Chris Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Hazardous Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Integrity Management

Establishing pipeline integrity requires an understanding of the specific threats, their relationship to the overall condition of the pipeline, and the mitigating measures required to assure safe operation. In the past, the pipeline industry relied on years of research and experience to develop a set of tools to analyze these threats and apply conservative solutions to ensure pipeline integrity. With the implementation of the Integrity Management Program (IMP) in 2004 by the Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration (PHMSA), pipeline integrity must be addressed by operators where the analysis methods and results must be documented and defendable. This paper presents a detailed discussion of how existing knowledge, advances in analytical techniques, experimental methods, and engineering rigor are combined to develop field-friendly tools to characterize and ensure pipeline integrity. Two case studies are included, the first, to demonstrate how the proposed method was used to assess the integrity of a corroded elbow, the second, provides the reader with an example of how to develop a tool for evaluating the severity of dents in pipelines using available public-domain research. It is the hope of the authors that the approach presented in this paper will foster further developments and advanced pipeline integrity management.

Developing an Engineering Based Integrity Management Program for Piping, Pipelines, and Plant Equipment

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Alexander ◽  
Julian Bedoya
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
The Past ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Plant Equipment

Establishing integrity for piping and pipelines requires an understanding of the specific threats, their relationship to the overall condition of the system, and the mitigating measures required to assure safe operation. In the past, industry has relied on years of research and experience to develop a set of tools to analyze these threats and apply conservative solutions to ensure integrity and fitness for service. An effective integrity management program as discussed in this paper, known as the Engineering Based Integrity Management Program (EB-IMP), provides operators with a resource for integrating inspection results, analysis, and testing to qualify the components within a pressurized system. This paper presents a detailed discussion on how experience, advances in analytical techniques, experimental methods, and engineering rigor are combined to develop a tool to characterize and ensure system integrity. Several case studies are included to demonstrate how the EB-IMP method was used to evaluate the integrity of a piping system, as well as rail gondola cars used to transport coal. The intent with the approach presented in this paper is to foster further developments for advanced integrity management efforts.

Case for Continuous Reassessment of Risk in Managing Pipeline Integrity

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Len ◽  
James Mihell ◽  
Keith Adams ◽  
Cameron Rout
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Assessment Plans ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Integrity Assessments

The practice of employing risk assessment as a tool for developing assessment plans has been universally accepted by gas and liquid pipeline operators. Risk management is a process that is inherent in the effective implementation of a pipeline integrity management program (IMP). In an IMP risk is used to accomplish the following activities: • Identifying potential threats and consequences to a pipeline; • Prioritizing integrity assessments; • Assessing the benefits derived from mitigating actions; • Determining the effectiveness of mitigation measures for identified threats; • Assigning preventative and mitigative measures to be implemented; • Assessing integrity re-assessment intervals; and • Determining effective use of resources. This paper endeavors to discuss the benefits of conducting ongoing risk assessments in support of overall pipeline integrity management.

The Role of Offshore Monitoring in an Effective Deepwater Riser Integrity Management Program

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Goldsmith ◽  
Elizabeth Foyt ◽  
Madhu Hariharan
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Deepwater Riser

As offshore field developments move into deeper water, one of the greatest challenges is in designing riser systems capable of overcoming the added risks of more severe environments, complicated well requirements and uncertainty of operating conditions. The failure of a primary riser component could lead to unacceptable consequences, including environmental damage, lost production and possible injury or loss of human life. Identification of the risks facing riser systems and management of these risks are essential to ensure that riser systems operate without failure. Operators have recognized the importance of installing instrumentation such as global positioning systems (GPS), vessel motion measurement packages, wind and wave sensors and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) units to monitor vessel motions and environmental conditions. Additionally, high precision monitoring equipment has been developed for capturing riser response. Measured data from these instruments allow an operator to determine when the limits of acceptable response, predicted by analysis or determined by physical limitations of the riser components, have been exceeded. Regular processing of measured data through automated routines ensures that integrity can be quickly assessed. This is particularly important following extreme events, such as a hurricane or loop current. High and medium alert levels are set for each parameter, based on design analysis and operating data. Measured data is compared with these alert levels, and when an alert level is reached, further response evaluation or inspection of the components in question is recommended. This paper will describe the role of offshore monitoring in an integrity management program and discuss the development of alert levels based on potential failure modes of the riser systems. The paper will further demonstrate how this process is key for an effective integrity management program for deepwater riser systems.

Integrity Management of Ground Movement Hazards

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Yi Wang ◽  
Don West ◽  
Douglas Dewar ◽  
Alex McKenzie-Johnson ◽  
Millan Sen
Keyword(s):  
Management Program ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Tensile Failure ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Decision Points ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Girth Welds

Ground movements, such as landslides and subsidence/settlement, can pose serious threats to pipeline integrity. The consequence of these incidents can be severe. In the absence of systematic integrity management, preventing and predicting incidents related to ground movements can be difficult. A ground movement management program can reduce the potential of those incidents. Some basic concepts and terms relevant to the management of ground movement hazards are introduced first. A ground movement management program may involve a long segment of a pipeline that may have a threat of failure in unknown locations. Identifying such locations and understanding the potential magnitude of the ground movement is often the starting point of a management program. In other cases, management activities may start after an event is known to have occurred. A sample response process is shown to illustrate key considerations and decision points after the evidence of an event is discovered. Such a process can involve fitness-for-service (FFS) assessment when appropriate information is available. The framework and key elements of FFS assessment are explained, including safety factors on strain capacity. The use of FFS assessment is illustrated through the assessment of tensile failure mode. Assessment models are introduced, including key factors affecting the outcome of an assessment. The unique features of girth welds in vintage pipelines are highlighted because the management of such pipelines is a high priority in North America and perhaps in other parts of the worlds. Common practice and appropriate considerations in a pipeline replacement program in areas of potential ground movement are highlighted. It is advisable to replace pipes with pipes of similar strength and stiffness so the strains can be distributed as broadly as possible. The chemical composition of pipe steels and the mechanical properties of the pipes should be such that the possibility of HAZ softening and weld strength undermatching is minimized. In addition, the benefits and cost of using the workmanship flaw acceptance criteria of API 1104 or equivalent standards in making repair and cutout decisions of vintage pipelines should be evaluated against the possible use of FFS assessment procedures. FFS assessment provides a quantifiable performance target which is not available through the workmanship criteria. However, necessary inputs to perform FFS assessment may not be readily available. Ongoing work intended to address some of the gaps is briefly described.

Testing of Acoustic Emission Technology to Detect Cracks and Corrosion in the Marine Environment

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Ge Wang ◽  
Michael Lee ◽  
Chris Serratella ◽  
Stanley Botten ◽  
Sam Ternowchek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Inspection Planning ◽  
Structural Degradation ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Acoustic Emission Technology

Real-time monitoring and detection of structural degradation helps in capturing the structural conditions of ships. The latest nondestructive testing (NDT) and sensor technologies will potentially be integrated into future generations of the structural integrity management program. This paper reports on a joint development project between Alaska Tanker Company, American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), and MISTRAS. The pilot project examined the viability of acoustic emission technology as a screening tool for surveys and inspection planning. Specifically, testing took place on a 32-year-old double-hull Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) trade tanker. The test demonstrated the possibility of adapting this technology in the identification of critical spots on a tanker in order to target inspections. This targeting will focus surveys and inspections on suspected areas, thus increasing efficiency of detecting structural degradation. The test has the potential to introduce new inspection procedures as the project undertakes the first commercial testing of the latest acoustic emission technology during a tanker's voyage.

Application of a combined and automated monitoring and early warning system for debris flows at the Dawinbach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Schöffl ◽  
Richard Koschuch ◽  
Philipp Jocham ◽  
Johannes Hübl
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Pulse Compression ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Event ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pulse Compression Radar ◽  
Monitoring And Early Warning

<p>After a heavy rainfall event on August 31<sup>st</sup>, 2019, a debris flow at the Dawinbach in the municipality of Strengen (Tyrol, Austria) caused a blockage of the culvert below the provincial road B-316 and deposition in the residential area. The debris deposition raised up to 2 to 3 meters on the road and led to property damage to real estate. The total volume of the debris flow was approximately 15 000 cubic meters.</p><p>In order to control a further debris flow of this magnitude, the Austrian Service of Torrent and Avalanche Control started to construct mitigation measures. They include a channel relocation in order to significantly increase the channel crosssection. Hence the construction company STRABAG is also relocating the provincial road bridge.</p><p>Since the risk for this road section and for the workers on site is particularly high during the construction period, a combined monitoring and early warning concept was developed and implemented by the BOKU, Vienna and the company IBTP Koschuch.</p><p>The monitoring site consisting of a pulse compression radar and a pull rope system was installed 800m upstream from the fan. The combination of the two sensors now results in three major advantages.</p><ul><li>At sensor level, the system operates redundantly.</li> <li>A more reliable differentiation between increased discharge or debris flow is given.</li> <li>In the event of a false alarm, the system provides easier diagnosis and assignment of the fault.</li> </ul><p>Two events of increased runoff occurred during the deployment period. Both were successfully detected by the pulse compression radar. Here, the first event was used for threshold validation of the radar unit. Thus, an alarm could already be sent out automatically for the second one. The road is controlled by an integrated light signal system consisting of three traffic lights. A siren near the construction site can warn workers of an impending event by means of an acoustic signal. The reaction time after the alarm has been triggered is between 75 and 150 seconds, depending on the speed of the debris flow. The responsible authorities are informed by sending an SMS chain, which includes details about the type of process and the type of the activated triggering system.</p>

Implementing a Geohazard Integrity Management Program: Statistics and Lessons Learned Over 15 Years

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J. Baumgard ◽  
Tara L. Coultish ◽  
Gerry W. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Pipeline Networks ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Pipeline Failures ◽  
Program Challenges

Over the last 15 years, BGC Engineering Inc. has developed and implemented a geohazards Integrity Management Program (IMP) with 12 major pipeline operators (consisting of gas and oil pipelines and of both gathering and transmission systems). Over this time, the program has been applied to the assessment of approximately 13,500 individual hydrotechnical and geotechnical geohazard sites spanning approximately 63,000 km of operating pipelines in Canada and the USA. Hydrotechnical (watercourse) and geotechnical (slope) hazards are the primary types of geohazards that have directly contributed to pipeline failures in Canada. As with all IMPs, the core objectives of a geohazard management system are to ensure a proactive approach that is repeatable and defensible. In order to meet these objectives, the program allows for varying levels of intensity of inspection and a recommended timescale for completion of actions to manage the identified geohazards in accordance with the degree of hazard that the site poses to the pipeline. In this way, the sites are managed in a proactive manner while remaining flexible to accommodate the most current conditions at each site. This paper will provide a background to the key components of the program related specifically to existing operating pipeline systems, present pertinent statistics on the occurrence of various types of geohazards based on the large dataset of inspections, and discuss some of the lessons learned in the form of program results and program challenges from implementing a geohazard integrity management system for a dozen operators with different ages of systems, complexity of pipeline networks, and in varied geographic settings.

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