scholarly journals Experimental Studies of Releases of High Pressure Natural Gas From Punctures and Rips in Above-Ground Pipework

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Hankinson ◽  
Barbara J. Lowesmith ◽  
Philippe Genillon ◽  
Gilbert Hamaide
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Pressure Transmission ◽  
Transmission Pipeline ◽  
Release Height ◽  
Gas Cloud

The gas industry has an excellent safety record in operating high-pressure transmission pipelines. Nevertheless, it is important that pipeline operators have an understanding of the consequences of possible accidental gas releases, in order to help manage the risks involved. This paper presents a programme of full scale experiments, undertaken by an international collaboration of gas companies, to study the consequences of both unignited and ignited releases of natural gas from simulated punctures and rips in a 900mm diameter above-ground transmission pipeline. Experimental parameters varied during the programme included release orifice size and shape, release pressure, release height, release direction, wind speed and wind direction. Instrumentation was deployed to obtain detailed data on the dispersion of gas, the ignitability of the gas cloud produced, the levels of incident thermal radiation and the resulting fire size and shape, following ignition. The results provide important data for the validation of mathematical models, used in developing risk assessment methodologies for gas pipelines, and in establishing those standards and design codes that are risk based.

Analysis of the Problem of Natural Gas Waterlogging

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Maciej Kotuła1 ◽  
◽  
Aleksander Szkarowski1 ◽  
Aleksandr Chernykh2 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Computer Calculations ◽  
Moisture Condensation ◽  
Safe Transport

The domestic gas industry has been set an ambitious goal in the form of a state programme for extensive gasification of Polish cities and towns. This provides for transition of the municipal thermal energy and of the municipal economy to natural gas. Ensuring of reliable and safe transport of the gaseous fuel is also a part of this programme. The article discusses the problems of transporting of the nitrogen-rich natural gas from the local mines, related to water of unknown origin appearing in it. The events that can confirm that there is a possibility of moisture condensation from the gas and its migration deep into the distribution network have been analysed. The actual level of moisture in the natural gas, which is already directly supplied to the consumers, has been experimentally tested. It has been proved by the computer calculations that in the conditions of high pressure in the network, there is a possibility of such condensation, depending on the external atmospheric conditions and physicochemical parameters of the gas. It has been proposed to change the existing designing & construction legal provisions in order to protect the gas networks against water accumulating in them in a better way.

Inline Inspection Decisions and Results Using an Integrated Technology for a Baseline Inspection Program on a Large Diameter High Pressure Gas Transmission and Interconnect System

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Westwood ◽  
Arti Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Integrated Technology ◽  
Pressure Transmission ◽  
Transmission Pipeline ◽  
Integrity Management

The Alliance Pipeline System consists of 2664 Km of NPS 36 high pressure transmission pipeline and 339 Km of NPS 42 high pressure transmission pipeline. The mainline systems are connected by lateral and interconnect pipeline sections ranging in diameter from NPS 4 to NPS 24. The pipeline system extends from northeast British Columbia to Illinois. The Trans border nature of the pipeline means that it needs to satisfy both the Canadian and US regulatory requirements related to pipeline integrity management. Part of the approval process for the pipeline system was that it had to be inspected on a regular basis with a baseline inspection program to be initiated upon start-up of the pipeline system in 2000. This paper outlines some of the unique challenges the high pressure transmission pipeline presented to both the operator and the inline inspection (ILI) vendor in developing a successful in line inspection program. It discusses the vendor selection criteria used by the pipeline operator and the design process undertaken by the ILI Vendor to meet the requirements of this unique pipeline system. By the end of 2004, the mainline sections in Canada and the US will have been inspected as well as most of the smaller diameter interconnect and lateral system. Results are presented from the ILI inspection of both the high pressure system and the smaller diameter system. While the inspections have used Magnetic Flux leakage (MFL) Technology to detect metal loss features, the use of integrated technology in particular the inertial navigation system aboard the vendor’s inspections tools has allowed geometric features to be detected as well. Lessons learned from both the operator and the ILI Vendor will be presented on the execution of the inline inspection program as well as discussion on ways of ensuring that the ILI process goes smoothly and if not how to address these concerns.

Pipeline Separation: A Review of Requirements, Guidance and Best Practices

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Demers ◽  
Arti Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Buried Structures ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Transmission Pipeline

Alliance Pipeline (Alliance), an integrated Canadian and U.S. high-pressure, high-energy natural gas transmission pipeline system, is committed to the development and application of best practices for the full lifecycle of its pipeline system. Currently, there are several publications which individually set out minimum pipeline separation requirements, and discuss considerations for establishing an appropriate separation distance between adjacent pipelines or other buried structures sharing the same right-of-way (RoW). Alliance has reviewed these existing publications, and has consolidated the requirements, guidance, and best practices discussed therein for application in its own company practices. This paper summarizes the review and consolidation of these requirements, guidance, and best practices.

scholarly journals A Full Scale Experimental Study of Fires Following the Rupture of Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Acton ◽  
Geoff Hankinson ◽  
Blaine P. Ashworth ◽  
Mohsen Sanai ◽  
James D. Colton
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Pressure Transmission ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Pipeline Failures ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

The gas industry has an excellent safety record in operating high pressure transmission pipelines. Nevertheless, it is important that pipeline operators have an understanding of the possible consequences of an accidental gas release, which may ignite, in order to help manage the risks involved. This paper describes two full scale experiments, conducted as part of a research programme into the consequences of pipeline failures, undertaken by an international collaboration of gas companies. The experiments involved the deliberate rupture of a 76km length of 914mm diameter natural gas pipeline operating at a pressure of 60 bar, with the released gas ignited immediately following the failure. Instrumentation was deployed to take detailed measurements, which included the weather conditions, the gas outflow, the size and shape of the resulting fire, and the thermal radiation levels. The results provide important data for the validation of mathematical models, used in developing risk assessment methodologies, and in establishing those standards and design codes for gas pipelines that are risk based.

Finding Fault with the Nexus Pipeline? Agency Capture and the Public Good

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Kear
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Environmental Impact Statement ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fracturing Process ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Regulatory Commission

Natural gas is an increasingly vital U.S. energy source that is presently being tapped and transported across state and international boundaries. Controversy engulfs natural gas, from the hydraulic fracturing process used to liberate it from massive, gas-laden Appalachian shale deposits, to the permitting and construction of new interstate pipelines bringing it to markets. This case explores the controversy flowing from the proposed 256-mile-long interstate Nexus pipeline transecting northern Ohio, southeastern Michigan and terminating at the Dawn Hub in Ontario, Canada. As the lead agency regulating and permitting interstate pipelines, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is also tasked with mitigating environmental risks through the 1969 National Environmental Policy Act's Environmental Impact Statement process. Pipeline opponents assert that a captured federal agency ignores public and scientific input, inadequately addresses public health and safety risks, preempts local control, and wields eminent domain powers at the expense of landowners, cities, and everyone in the pipeline path. Proponents counter that pipelines are the safest means of transporting domestically abundant, cleaner burning, affordable gas to markets that will boost local and regional economies and serve the public good. Debates over what constitutes the public good are only one set in a long list of contentious issues including pipeline safety, proposed routes, property rights, public voice, and questions over the scientific and democratic validity of the Environmental Impact Statement process. The Nexus pipeline provides a sobering example that simple energy policy solutions and compromise are elusive—effectively fueling greater conflict as the natural gas industry booms.

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