scholarly journals A Full Scale Experimental Study of Fires Following the Rupture of Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Acton ◽  
Geoff Hankinson ◽  
Blaine P. Ashworth ◽  
Mohsen Sanai ◽  
James D. Colton
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Pressure Transmission ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Pipeline Failures ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

The gas industry has an excellent safety record in operating high pressure transmission pipelines. Nevertheless, it is important that pipeline operators have an understanding of the possible consequences of an accidental gas release, which may ignite, in order to help manage the risks involved. This paper describes two full scale experiments, conducted as part of a research programme into the consequences of pipeline failures, undertaken by an international collaboration of gas companies. The experiments involved the deliberate rupture of a 76km length of 914mm diameter natural gas pipeline operating at a pressure of 60 bar, with the released gas ignited immediately following the failure. Instrumentation was deployed to take detailed measurements, which included the weather conditions, the gas outflow, the size and shape of the resulting fire, and the thermal radiation levels. The results provide important data for the validation of mathematical models, used in developing risk assessment methodologies, and in establishing those standards and design codes for gas pipelines that are risk based.

Application of Data Transmission Capability on Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Moore ◽  
Robert Carrington ◽  
John Richardson ◽  
Ray A. Zatorski
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Unique Manner ◽  
Transmission Capability ◽  
Pipeline Failures ◽  
Thermally Sprayed

Third party damage is as a significant factor in natural gas pipeline failures. 75% of pipeline failures induced by a third party occur immediately following impact. Current inspection techniques are both labor intensive and expensive to implement and they represent only a point in time status. The objective is for a near real time detection and communication system that utilizes the pipe itself, i.e., a “smart pipe”. The industry is calling for an inexpensive rugged process that transmits the state of the pipe. The INEEL is developing a near real time damage detection and location system that utilizes resistive traces applied to the wall of the pipe, which detects damage by measuring the strain state of the pipeline. This data will also allow for efficient repairs and emergency response. The technique employed is a network of thermally sprayed resistive traces deposited on either the interior or exterior wall of the pipeline. The ability of a thermally sprayed resistive trace to detect damage is due to the unique manner in which a porous metal changes resistivity when placed under strain.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Natural Gas Pipeline Interconnections

2021 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 09005
Author(s):  
Ion Foidaş ◽  
Florin Marius Bîrsan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
The Other ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Special Working ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

The paper shows a comparison between two intervention methods for interconnecting two gas transmission pipelines within a natural gas transmission system. One intervention implies shutdown of pipelines, while the other one in-service pipelines. Each method is described in detail along with the main technological issues, as well as the related advantages and disadvantages. The technological procedures imply special working techniques such as welding or hot tapping in service pipelines.

A Precipitation-Induced Landslide Susceptibility Model for Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Finley ◽  
David L. Slayter ◽  
Chris S. Hitchcock ◽  
Chih-Hung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Rainfall Thresholds ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Quantitative Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

Landslides related to heavy rainfall can cause extensive damage to natural gas transmission pipelines. We have developed and implemented a geographic information system (GIS) model that evaluates near real-time precipitation-induced landslide susceptibility. This model incorporates state-wide precipitation data and geologically-based landslide classifications to produce rapid landslide risk evaluation for Pacific Gas & Electric Company’s (PG&E) gas transmission system during winter rain storms in California. The precipitation data include pre-storm event quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPF) and post-storm event quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The geologic classifications are based on slope, susceptible geologic formations, and the locations of historic or known landslide occurrences. Currently the model is calibrated using qualitative measures. Various scientists have developed large landslide databases with associated rainfall statistics to determine rainfall thresholds that trigger landslides. With a sufficient number of landslides, we can more precisely determine minimum rainfall thresholds using similar methods.

scholarly journals Calculating the Optimum Angle of Filament-Wound Pipes in Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines Using Approximation Methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Khoshravan Azar ◽  
Ali Akbar Emami Satellou ◽  
Mohammad Shishesaz ◽  
Bahram Salavati
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Approximation Methods ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Optimal Angle ◽  
Filament Wound ◽  
Composite Pipe ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission

Given the increasing use of composite materials in various industries, oil and gas industry also requires that more attention should be paid to these materials. Furthermore, due to variation in choice of materials, the materials needed for the mechanical strength, resistance in critical situations such as fire, costs and other priorities of the analysis carried out on them and the most optimal for achieving certain goals, are introduced. In this study, we will try to introduce appropriate choice for use in the natural gas transmission composite pipelines. Following a 4-layered filament-wound (FW) composite pipe will consider an offer our analyses under internal pressure. The analyses’ results will be calculated for different combinations of angles 15 deg, 30 deg, 45 deg, 55 deg, 60 deg, 75 deg, and 80 deg. Finally, we will compare the calculated values and the optimal angle will be gained by using the Approximation methods. It is explained that this layering is as the symmetrical.

Connecting the dots: NOx emissions along a West Siberian natural gas pipeline.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald van der A ◽  
Jos de Laat ◽  
Henk Eskes ◽  
Jieying Ding
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

<p><span><span>New TROPOMI (Sentinel 5P) high quality satellite measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) over snow-covered regions of Siberia reveal previously undocumented but significant nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub> = NO + NO<sub>2</sub>) emissions associated with the natural gas industry in Western Siberia. Besides gas drilling and natural gas power plants, also gas compressor stations for the transport of natural gas are sources of high amounts of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions, which are emitted in otherwise pristine regions. The emissions from these remote gas compressor stations are at least an order of magnitude larger than those reported for North American gas compressor stations, possibly related to less stringent environmental regulations in Siberia compared to the United States. This discovery was made possible thanks to a newly developed technique for discriminating snow covered surfaces from clouds, which for the first time allows for satellite measurements of tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> columns over large boreal snow-covered areas. This results in 23% more TROPOMI observations on an annual basis. Furthermore, these observations have a precision four times better than nearly any TROPOMI observation over other areas and surfaces around the world. These new results highlight the potential of TROPOMI on Sentinel 5P as well as future satellite missions for monitoring small-scale emissions</span></span></p>

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