scholarly journals Electrical output of bryophyte microbial fuel cell systems is sufficient to power a radio or an environmental sensor

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 160249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Bombelli ◽  
Ross J. Dennis ◽  
Fabienne Felder ◽  
Matt B. Cooper ◽  
Durgaprasad Madras Rajaraman Iyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Environmental Sensor

Plant microbial fuel cells are a recently developed technology that exploits photosynthesis in vascular plants by harnessing solar energy and generating electrical power. In this study, the model moss species Physcomitrella patens , and other environmental samples of mosses, have been used to develop a non-vascular bryophyte microbial fuel cell (bryoMFC). A novel three-dimensional anodic matrix was successfully created and characterized and was further tested in a bryoMFC to determine the capacity of mosses to generate electrical power. The importance of anodophilic microorganisms in the bryoMFC was also determined. It was found that the non-sterile bryoMFCs operated with P. patens delivered over an order of magnitude higher peak power output (2.6 ± 0.6 µW m −2 ) than bryoMFCs kept in near-sterile conditions (0.2 ± 0.1 µW m −2 ). These results confirm the importance of the microbial populations for delivering electrons to the anode in a bryoMFC. When the bryoMFCs were operated with environmental samples of moss (non-sterile) the peak power output reached 6.7 ± 0.6 mW m −2 . The bryoMFCs operated with environmental samples of moss were able to power a commercial radio receiver or an environmental sensor (LCD desktop weather station).

The Influence of Mediator Concentration on the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cell

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1520-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Xiao Bin Wang ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Yan Ping Sun
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Anode Potential ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Peak Power Density

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), power density and anode potential are used to characterize the mediator microbial fuel cell at different methylene blue (MB) concentrations. At lower MB concentration between 9.98×10-3 mmol/L and 1.66×10-1 mmol/L, the increased power density is enabled by using high mediator concentrations. Higher peak power density of 159.6 mw/m2 is observed compared with the peak power density of 36.0 mw/m2. But MB at too high concentration is disadvantageous to the perform of MFC. At the MB concentration of 2.50×10-1 mmol/L, the peak power output is just 128.4 mw/m2, which is lower than 159.6 mw/m2 at MB concentration of 1.66×10-1 mmol/L.

Stack of BioCells Converting ATP to Electrical Power and Possible Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Baba Sundaresan ◽  
Stephen Andrew Sarles ◽  
Donald J. Leo
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
In Series

ABSTRACTPlant and animals convert absorbed nutrients into the most readily available form of biochemical energy in cells - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Ion transporter proteins in the cell membranes hydrolyze ATP and use the energy from the reaction for ion transport across cell membranes. The BioCell is an energy conversion device inspired by ion transport through cell membranes that uses a proton-sucrose cotransporter (SUT4) to convert the chemical energy in ATP into electrical energy. Experiments on a single cell demonstrated that the BioCell behaves like a constant current power source with 10 - 22 kΩ internal resistance. The single cell developed a peak power of 0.7 μW per cm2 of bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) area reconstituted with 1 mg of SUT4 and 1 μl of ATP-ase at 10 kΩ load in the external circuit. The actual peak power output from the cell was 160 nW for a BLM area of 0.079 cm2 carrying 0.2 mg of SUT4 and 15 μl of ATP-ase. The 160 nW of electrical power that could be sourced from the cell with a 10 kΩ load (41 mV and 4 μA) is not sufficient to run a low power electronic device and needs to be scaled up to few microwatts. This article discusses our experimental results from stacking a BioCell in series and parallel to develop higher stack voltage and current. We observe that the cell voltage adds linearly by connecting the BioCells in series and a 10-cell stack developed a peak power of 750 nW (500 mV @ 2.5 μA observed at 265 kΩ. The peak power from the stack by connecting the cells in parallel was 1.4 μW (125 mV and 11.2 μA) at 1kΩ. The experimental results demonstrate that the power from a single cell can be scaled by connecting them in series and in parallel without appreciable losses. A survey of electronic devices indicated that a minimum of 20 μW will be required to run a demonstration application from a stack and also gives us the direction to scale the power output from a single cell.

scholarly journals Controlling the Carbon-Bio Interface via Glycan Functional Adlayers for Applications in Microbial Fuel Cell Bioanodes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4755
Author(s):  
Alessandro Iannaci ◽  
Adam Myles ◽  
Timothé Philippon ◽  
Frédéric Barrière ◽  
Eoin M. Scanlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Hydrophilic Character ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Graphite Rods

Surface modification of electrodes with glycans was investigated as a strategy for modulating the development of electrocatalytic biofilms for microbial fuel cell applications. Covalent attachment of phenyl-mannoside and phenyl-lactoside adlayers on graphite rod electrodes was achieved via electrochemically assisted grafting of aryldiazonium cations from solution. To test the effects of the specific bio-functionalities, modified and unmodified graphite rods were used as anodes in two-chamber microbial fuel cell devices. Devices were set up with wastewater as inoculum and acetate as nutrient and their performance, in terms of output potential (open circuit and 1 kΩ load) and peak power output, was monitored over two months. The presence of glycans was found to lead to significant differences in startup times and peak power outputs. Lactosides were found to inhibit the development of biofilms when compared to bare graphite. Mannosides were found, instead, to promote exoelectrogenic biofilm adhesion and anode colonization, a finding that is supported by quartz crystal microbalance experiments in inoculum media. These differences were observed despite both adlayers possessing thickness in the nm range and similar hydrophilic character. This suggests that specific glycan-mediated bioaffinity interactions can be leveraged to direct the development of biotic electrocatalysts in bioelectrochemical systems and microbial fuel cell devices.

Abstract P134: Preliminary Data: Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Does Not Extend Dry Static Apnea Or Wingate Performance

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Carriker ◽  
Phillip Armentrout ◽  
Sarah Levine ◽  
James Smoliga
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Hold Time ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

Introduction: Previous studies have examined dietary nitrate supplementation and its effects on dry static apnea, and peak power. Dietary nitrate supplementation has been found to increase maximal apnea and peak power output. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of beetroot juice on dry static apnea and Wingate performance. Hypothesis: Dietary nitrate will improve maximal breath hold time and peak power output. Dietary nitrate will improve tolerance to CO2, thereby improving maximal breath hold time and anaerobic capacity. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced study, five healthy males (20.4±0.89 years) visited the lab on 3 separate occasions each separated by one week. Visit 1 served as a Wingate and breath hold familiarization visit. Prior to visits 2 and 3 participants were instructed to drink a beverage either a placebo (negligible nitrate content, PL) or dietary nitrate rich beverage (12.4 mmol nitrate, NIT) during the 4 days leading up to their next visit. Visits 2 and 3 consisted of two submaximal breath holds (80% of maximal determined during visit 1), with 2 minutes of rest between and three minutes of rest preceding the final breath hold for maximal duration. Finally, participants completed a standardized 10-minute warmup on the cycle ergometer before completing a 30-second maximal effort Wingate test. Results: A linear mixed effects model was used to determine whether treatment (NIT vs. PL) was associated with differences in VCO2 or PetCO2. Time (0, 10, 20, 30 min post-breath hold) and Treatment both served as repeated measures. Models were developed using multiple repeated measures covariance matrix structures, and the model with the lowest AIC was chosen as the final model. The interaction between time and treatment was included in the original models, and was removed if it was not statistically significant. Time was a statistically significant factor for VCO2 and PetCO2 (p < 0.001). Treatment, and the Time x Treatment interaction was not significant for either variable. No differences between NIT and PL were observed during the Wingate test for either time to peak power (5.02±2.45 and 6.2±2.43 sec, respectively) or maximal power (9.73±1.01 and 9.72±1.03 watts/kg, respectively) and fatigue index (49.42±14.98 and 47.30±6.99 watts/sec, respectively). Conclusion: Preliminary data indicates that in a general population four days of dietary nitrate supplementation may not improve breath hold time, tolerance to carbon dioxide in the lungs, or Wingate performance.

Force-velocity and force-power properties of single muscle fibers from elite master runners and sedentary men

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (2) ◽  
pp. C676-C683 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Widrick ◽  
S. W. Trappe ◽  
D. L. Costill ◽  
R. H. Fitts
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Type I ◽  
Shortening Velocity ◽  
Force Velocity

Gastrocnemius muscle fiber bundles were obtained by needle biopsy from five middle-aged sedentary men (SED group) and six age-matched endurance-trained master runners (RUN group). A single chemically permeabilized fiber segment was mounted between a force transducer and a position motor, subjected to a series of isotonic contractions at maximal Ca2+ activation (15 degrees C), and subsequently run on a 5% polyacrylamide gel to determine myosin heavy chain composition. The Hill equation was fit to the data obtained for each individual fiber (r2 > or = 0.98). For the SED group, fiber force-velocity parameters varied (P < 0.05) with fiber myosin heavy chain expression as follows: peak force, no differences: peak tension (force/fiber cross-sectional area), type IIx > type IIa > type I; maximal shortening velocity (Vmax, defined as y-intercept of force-velocity relationship), type IIx = type IIa > type I; a/Pzero (where a is a constant with dimensions of force and Pzero is peak isometric force), type IIx > type IIa > type I. Consequently, type IIx fibers produced twice as much peak power as type IIa fibers, whereas type IIa fibers produced about five times more peak power than type I fibers. RUN type I and IIa fibers were smaller in diameter and produced less peak force than SED type I and IIa fibers. The absolute peak power output of RUN type I and IIa fibers was 13 and 27% less, respectively, than peak power of similarly typed SED fibers. However, type I and IIa Vmax and a/Pzero were not different between the SED and RUN groups, and RUN type I and IIa power deficits disappeared after power was normalized for differences in fiber diameter. Thus the reduced absolute peak power output of the type I and IIa fibers from the master runners was a result of the smaller diameter of these fibers and a corresponding reduction in their peak isometric force production. This impairment in absolute peak power production at the single fiber level may be in part responsible for the reduced in vivo power output previously observed for endurance-trained athletes.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BIOELECTRICITY-MICROBIAL FUEL CELL FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION: PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION AND CAPACITY IMPROVEMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (5-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zul Hasrizal Bohari ◽  
Nur Asyhikin Azhari ◽  
Nuraina Nasuha Ab Rahman ◽  
Mohamad Faizal Baharom ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Jali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Right

Energy trending lately shown the need of new possible renewable energy. This paper studies about the capability and capacity generating of electricity by using Bio-electricity-Microbial Fuel Cell (Bio-MFC). Bio-MFC is the device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy by using microbes that exist in the sewage water. The energy contained in organic matter can be converted into useful electrical power. MFC can be operated by microbes that transfer electrons from anode to cathode for generating electricity. There are two major goals in this study. The first goal is to determine the performance characteristics of MFCs in this application. Specifically we investigate the relationship between the percentages of organic matter in a sample results in higher electricity production of MFCs power by that sample. As a result, the sewage (wastewater) chosen in the second series experiment because the sewage (wastewater) also produced the highest percentage of organic matter which is around 10%. Due to these, the higher percentage of organic matter corresponds to higher electricity production. The second goal is to determine the condition under which MFC work most efficiently to generating electricity. After get the best result of the combination for the electrode, which is combination of zinc and copper (900mV),the third series of experiments was coducted, that show the independent variable was in the ambient temperature. The reasons of these observations will be explained throughout the paper. The study proved that the electricity production of MFC can be increased by selecting the right condition of sample type, temperature and type of electrode. 

Arm muscle sympathetic nerve activity during preparation for and initiation of leg-cycling exercise in humans

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1403-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Callister ◽  
A. V. Ng ◽  
D. R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Target Power ◽  
Leg Cycling ◽  
Exercise In Humans

We tested the hypothesis that sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity to nonactive skeletal muscle (MSNA) decreases immediately before and remains suppressed during initiation of conventional large muscle upright dynamic exercise in humans. In 11 healthy young subjects, adequate recordings of MSNA from the radial nerve in the arm were obtained during upright seated rest (control) and throughout 1 min of leg-cycling exercise at one or more submaximal workloads (range 33–266 W; approximately 10–80% of peak power output). MSNA was analyzed during four consecutive time intervals; control, preparation for cycling (end of control to onset of pedal movement), initiation of cycling (onset of pedal movement to attainment of target power output), and the initial 60 s of cycling at target power output. MSNA decreased (P < 0.05) abruptly and markedly in all subjects [to 19 +/- 4% (SE) of control levels] during the preparation period before the 33-W load and remained suppressed throughout the period of initiation of cycling in 8 of 11 subjects; MSNA increased during the initiation period in three subjects in whom diastolic arterial pressure fell below control levels. This general pattern was observed at all loads. MSNA remained at or below control levels throughout the 1 min of cycling exercise at 33–166 W. MSNA increased above control levels during the latter portion of the 1 min of cycling only at loads > or = 60% of peak power output.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Peak Power Output Test on a Rowing Ergometer

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 2919-2925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Metikos ◽  
Pavle Mikulic ◽  
Nejc Sarabon ◽  
Goran Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Rowing Ergometer

A live bio-cathode to enhance power output steered by bacteria-microalgae synergistic metabolism in microbial fuel cell

2020 ◽  
Vol 449 ◽  
pp. 227560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetanjali Yadav ◽  
Iti Sharma ◽  
Makarand Ghangrekar ◽  
Ramkrishna Sen
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Output
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