Bone Tissue Strain and Lattice Strain of HAp Crystals Under Tensile Loading

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Fujisaki ◽  
Shigeru Tadano ◽  
Naoki Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lattice Strains ◽  
Tissue Strain

Bone tissue is a composite material composed of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and collagen. Because HAp in bone tissue is a crystal structure, the X-ray diffraction method is available to measure the lattice strain of HAp. A relationship between macroscopic bone tissue strain and lattice strain of HAp in a bone specimen was investigated using X-ray strain measurement under tensile loading. The strip specimens were cut from cortical bone in a shaft of bovine femur. As a result, lattice strains of HAp showed lower value than the bone tissue strain. The strain ratio of the HAp crystals to the bone tissue was formulated with an elastic modulus and volume fraction of HAp in the bone tissue.

Lattice Strain of HAp in Bone Tissue using X-ray Diffraction Method

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002.6 (0) ◽  
pp. 39-40
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro FUJISAKI ◽  
Shigeru TADANO ◽  
Junichi SHIBANO
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Interfacial Structure of Lattice Mismatched bcc(110)/bcc(110) Transition Metal Superlattices

1993 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric E. Fullerton ◽  
S. M. Mini ◽  
A. S. Bommannavar ◽  
C. H. Sowers ◽  
S. N. Ehrlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Interfacial Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lattice Strains ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Structural Characterizations ◽  
Modulation Wavelength ◽  
Coherent Interfaces

ABSTRACTWe present structural characterizations of a series of sputtered Fe/Nb and V/Nb superlattices by high-angle x-ray diffraction. Diffraction scans were performed with the scattering vector at various angles (χ) with respect to the layers. χ=0° diffraction spectra (normal to the layers) were fitted to a general structural model to determine the (110) lattice strains, interfacial disorder and interdiffusion. χ>0° spectra probe the lattice strain of the individual layers and the in-plane interfacial coherence. Both systems form incoherent interfaces above a critical modulation wavelength (ΛC). At ΛC, the Fe/Nb system undergoes a crystalline-to-amorphous transition while the V/Nb forms in-plane coherent interfaces.

Characterizations of Mg Implanted GaN

1997 ◽  
Vol 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gou-Chung Chi ◽  
B. J. Pong ◽  
C. J. Pan ◽  
Y. C. Teng ◽  
C. H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Diffraction Peak ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Green Band ◽  
Structure Defects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shoulder Peak

AbstractWith 150KeV Mg+ ion implantation, the optical and structural characteristics of GaN films were studied. Post-implant annealing up to 1000°C was performed in N2 ambient with a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) system, without an encapsulation layer. We observed a green band photoluminescence from Mg-implanted GaN. This green band photoluminescence should be associated with Mg induced defect-clustering in GaN. We also use the x-ray diffraction method to study the correlation between structure defects and implantation. We observed an extra shoulder peak at the small angle side of the GaN[0004] diffraction peak. The origin of this shoulder may be attributed to implanted magnesium induced GaN lattice strain.

scholarly journals Residual lattice strains in plastically deformed poly-crystalline metal aggregates

1949 ◽  
Vol 197 (1051) ◽  
pp. 556-567 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Polycrystalline Aggregate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lattice Strains ◽  
Polycrystalline Aggregates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Crystalline Metal ◽  
Mean Strain

The residual lattice strain observed by X-ray diffraction methods in plastically extended polycrystalline aggregates has been investigated. It is shown that, if several diffraction lines are examined, the residual lattice strains vary both in magnitude and in sign. It is known that one of the causes of internal stresses in a plastically deformed polycrystalline aggregate is the variation with orientation of the yield tensions of the crystals in the aggregate. Since only grains with certain orientations contribute to a given diffraction line, the lattice strain measured is not the mean strain in all the crystals, which should be zero, but the average of the strains in those crystals with particular orientations, which may be positive or negative. It is considered that this constitutes one of the reasons for the hitherto unexplained observations which have been made on residual lattice strains. Quantitative conclusions from this explanation are in satisfactory agreement with observations.

Evaluation of Tri-Axial Magnetostriction in Cube-Oriented Fe-Ga Single Crystal by Using X-Ray Diffraction Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 909 ◽  
pp. 300-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehito Ikeuchi ◽  
Akihiro Koyama ◽  
Muneyuki Imafuku ◽  
Shun Fujieda ◽  
Yusuke Onuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Diffraction Measurement ◽  
Magnetic Field Direction ◽  
Magnetic Domains ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

We carried out in situ tri-axial magnetostriction analysis for cube-oriented Fe-18%Ga single crystal by X-ray diffraction measurement under magnetic field. Periodic change in tri-axial magnetostriction with applied magnetic field direction was clearly observed. However, those values in [100] and [010] directions were not equivalent. Theoretical calculation of magnetostriction considering domain structure revealed this is caused by the non-equivalent volume fraction of initial magnetic domains.

Measuring Bimodal Crystallographic Texture in Ferroelectric PbZrxTi1-x O3 Thin Films

1999 ◽  
Vol 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Vaudin ◽  
Glen R. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Access Memory ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pzt Film ◽  
Memory Applications ◽  
Random Powder

AbstractA powder x-ray diffraction method has been developed to quantify textured volume fractions in thin films. It has been applied to {111}, {100} and randomly oriented PbZrxTi1-xO3 in 200 nm thick films used for ferroelectric random access memory applications. The integrated and peak intensities of 100, 110, 200 and 222 Bragg peaks from an untextured PZT film were determined by applying a thickness correction to a θ–2θ scan obtained from random powder of the same composition as the film. X-ray scans were made on the same peaks from the PZT film specimens. The distributions of grain orientation for the {111} and {100} populations in the films were determined from ω scans which were obtained from the films using 100, 200 and 222 scattering angles and corrected for defocussing and absorption. To determine the total volume fraction of each population of grains, the ratios of the integrated film peak intensities to the corrected powder integrated peak intensities were multiplied by the integrals of the corrected ω scans.

Stress-induced phase transformations in thermally cycled superelastic NiTi alloys: in situ X-ray diffraction studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (S1) ◽  
pp. S76-S82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efthymios Polatidis ◽  
Nikolay Zotov ◽  
Eric J. Mittemeijer
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Martensite Phase ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Niti Alloys ◽  
Austenite Grains

In situ laboratory-based and in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques were employed to study quantitatively the strain-induced austenite-to-martensite (A–M) transformation in thermally cycled (TC) superelastic NiTi alloys. The propagation of the A–M interfaces and the evolution of the microstructure were traced during uniaxial tensile loading. It was shown that the TC material exhibits localized transformation via the propagation of transformation bands. The amount of the martensite phase depends approximately linearly on the applied strain. Analysis of the broadening of the austenite diffraction lines indicates the presence of highly deformed austenite grains within the transformation bands. Analysis of the austenite diffraction-line shifts indicates that the overall lattice strain in the (retained) austenite in the transformation bands differs from that of the austenite in the adjacent untransformed regions.

X-Ray Stress Estimation of Carbide in Spheroidized JIS SK5 Steel

2006 ◽  
Vol 524-525 ◽  
pp. 943-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Che ◽  
Masahide Gotoh ◽  
Yoshiaki Horimoto ◽  
Yukio Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Carbide Phase ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Cementite Particle ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress Estimation ◽  
Stress States

The low volume fraction of carbide phase in carbon steel determines that it is difficult to estimate the stress state in it by diffraction method. In the present study, different from the studies before, we improve the technique of surface treatment on specimen and have successfully finished the stress estimations of carbide phase in carbon steels by X-ray diffraction method under normal conditions. Moreover, we investigate the affection of spherical cementite particle size on the residual stress distribution in both phases during the plastic deformed steels. We observed that the steels with small-sized cementite particles showed higher stress states than the steels with relatively large-sized cementite particles.

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