Quantification and Analysis of the Charge Cooling Effect of Methanol in a Compression Ignition Engine Utilizing PPC Strategy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Shamun ◽  
Burak Zincir ◽  
Pravesh Shukla ◽  
Pablo Garcia Valladolid ◽  
Sebastian Verhelst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Lower Heat ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Charge Cooling ◽  
Fuel Evaporation

The charge cooling effect of methanol was studied and compared to that of iso-octane. The reduction in compression work due to fuel evaporation and the gain in expansion work were evaluated by the means of in-cylinder pressure measurements in a HD CI engine. A single injection strategy was utilized to obtain a longer premixing period to adequately capture the cooling effect. The effect was clear for both tested fuels, however, methanol generally caused the pressure to reduce more than iso-octane near TDC. It was found that the contribution of reduced compression work to the increased net indicated efficiency is negligible. Regarding the expansion work, a slower combustion with higher pressure was obtained for methanol in comparison to that of iso-octane due to the cooling effect of fuel evaporation. As a result from this, a lower heat transfer loss was obtained for methanol, in addition to the significantly lower NOx emissions.

Effect of Cryogenic Intake Air Temperature on the In-Cylinder Temperature and Formation of Exhaust Emissions in a Compression Ignition Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Se Hun Min ◽  
Hyun Kyu Suh ◽  
Seongin Jo ◽  
Suhan Park
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Combustion Behaviors

The objective of this study is to numerically investigate the effect of cryogenic intake air temperature on the in-cylinder temperature and formation of exhaust emissions in a CI engine. The experimental setup was consisted of a single-cylinder diesel engine. The intake air temperature was varied from 18 °C to 40 °C, which was controlled by cooler and heater. Submodels were applied for the simulations of physical/chemical phenomenon of spray and combustion behaviors. The intake air temperature in numerical condition was varied from −18 °C to 18 °C. The numerical results were validated with experimental results for the reliability of this work. The results of this work were compared in terms of cylinder pressure, rate of heat release (ROHR), indicated specific nitrogen oxide (ISNO), indicated specific carbon monoxide (ISCO), ignition delay, in-cylinder temperature distributions, equivalence ratio distributions, NO mass fraction, and CO mass fraction. When the intake air temperature was decreased in steps of 9 °C, the cylinder temperature and cylinder pressure were decreased in steps of about 14.5 °C and 0.05 MPa, respectively. In all cases, the area where the NO formed in the cylinder was identified with the area of the high equivalence ratio and temperature in the cylinder. The amount of CO generation shows the similar distributions in the cylinder according to the intake air temperature conditions. However, the oxidation rate of formed CO under the low intake air temperature was lower than those of the high intake air temperature.

scholarly journals Effect of Injection Timing and Injection Duration of Manifold Injected Fuels in Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Engine Operated with Renewable Fuels

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4621
Author(s):  
P. A. Harari ◽  
N. R. Banapurmath ◽  
V. S. Yaliwal ◽  
T. M. Yunus Khan ◽  
Irfan Anjum Badruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Injection Duration ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

In the current work, an effort is made to study the influence of injection timing (IT) and injection duration (ID) of manifold injected fuels (MIF) in the reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine. Compressed natural gas (CNG) and compressed biogas (CBG) are used as the MIF along with diesel and blends of Thevetia Peruviana methyl ester (TPME) are used as the direct injected fuels (DIF). The ITs of the MIF that were studied includes 45°ATDC, 50°ATDC, and 55°ATDC. Also, present study includes impact of various IDs of the MIF such as 3, 6, and 9 ms on RCCI mode of combustion. The complete experimental work is conducted at 75% of rated power. The results show that among the different ITs studied, the D+CNG mixture exhibits higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE), about 29.32% is observed at 50° ATDC IT, which is about 1.77, 3.58, 5.56, 7.51, and 8.54% higher than D+CBG, B20+CNG, B20+CBG, B100+CNG, and B100+CBG fuel combinations. The highest BTE, about 30.25%, is found for the D+CNG fuel combination at 6 ms ID, which is about 1.69, 3.48, 5.32%, 7.24, and 9.16% higher as compared with the D+CBG, B20+CNG, B20+CBG, B100+CNG, and B100+CBG fuel combinations. At all ITs and IDs, higher emissions of nitric oxide (NOx) along with lower emissions of smoke, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) are found for D+CNG mixture as related to other fuel mixtures. At all ITs and IDs, D+CNG gives higher In-cylinder pressure (ICP) and heat release rate (HRR) as compared with other fuel combinations.

Prediction of Peak Cylinder Pressure Variations Over Varying Inlet Air Condition of Compression-Ignition Engine

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Peak Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Cylinder Compression

Peak cylinder pressure of a compression-ignition engine can be affected by engine inlet air condition such as its temperature and pressure. The variation of peak cylinder pressure due to varying inlet air temperature and pressure is analytically studied in this paper. An analytical model is developed and thus the variations of peak cylinder pressure can be predicted along with inlet air temperature or pressure varying. It is indicated that cylinder compression ratio (CR) and intake air boost ratio (pm0/pi0) play significant roles in affecting the variation of peak cylinder pressure over inlet air temperature and pressure, and the pressure variation is proportional to CRk and pm0/pi0. The predicted results are compared to those from engine experiments, and show a close agreement. The prediction also includes the investigation of the variation in peak cylinder pressure due to varying the cylinder TDC volume. Results from the analytical studies are presented and show that the change in pmax versus a change in the volume is also affected by compression ratio. This indicates that for a certain change in the clearance volume, a higher compression-ratio configuration would produce a greater change in pmax than a lower compression-ratio would with the rest of the engine design parameters remaining unchanged.

Post Injection Strategy for the Reduction of the Peak Pressure Rise Rate of Neat N-Butanol Combustion

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Jeftić ◽  
Ming Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Pressure Rise Rate ◽  
Injection Duration ◽  
Rise Rate

Enhanced premixed combustion of neat butanol in a compression ignition engine can have challenges with regards to the peak pressure rise rate and the peak in-cylinder pressure. It was proposed to utilize a butanol post injection to reduce the peak pressure rise rate and the peak in-cylinder pressure while maintaining a constant engine load. Post injection timing and duration sweeps were carried out with neat n-butanol in a compression ignition engine. The post injection timing sweep results indicated that the use of an early butanol post injection reduced the peak pressure rise rate and the peak in-cylinder pressure and it was observed that there was an optimal post injection timing range for the maximum reduction of these parameters. The results also showed that an early post injection of butanol increased the nitrogen oxide emissions and an FTIR analysis revealed that late post injections increased the emissions of unburned butanol. The post injection duration sweep indicated that the peak pressure rise rate was significantly reduced by increasing the post injection duration at constant load conditions. There was also a reduction in the peak in-cylinder pressure. Measurements with a hydrogen mass spectrometer showed that there was an increased presence of hydrogen in the exhaust gas when the post injection duration was increased but the total yield of hydrogen was relatively low. It was observed that the coefficient of variation for the indicated mean effective pressure was significantly increased and that the indicated thermal efficiency was reduced when the post injection duration was increased. The results also showed that there were increased nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, and total hydrocarbon emissions for larger post injections. Although the use of a post injection resulted in emission and thermal efficiency penalties at medium load conditions, the results demonstrated that the post injection strategy successfully reduced the peak pressure rise rate and this characteristic can be potentially useful for higher load applications where the peak pressure rise rate is of greater concern.

Development of compressed natural gas/diesel dual-fuel turbocharged compression ignition engine

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (9) ◽  
pp. 839-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Shenghua ◽  
Wang Ziyan ◽  
Ren Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Reduce Emissions

A natural gas and diesel dual-fuel turbocharged compression ignition (CI) engine is developed to reduce emissions of a heavy-duty diesel engine. The compressed natural gas (CNG) pressure regulator is specially designed to feed back the boost pressure to simplify the fuel metering system. The natural gas bypass improves the engine response to acceleration. The modes of diesel injection are set according to the engine operating conditions. The application of honeycomb mixers changes the flowrate shape of natural gas and reduces hydrocarbon (HC) emission under low-load and lowspeed conditions. The cylinder pressures of a CI engine fuelled with diesel and dual fuel are analysed. The introduction of natural gas makes the ignition delay change with engine load. Under the same operating conditions, the emissions of smoke and NOx from the dual-fuel engine are both reduced. The HC and CO emissions for the dual-fuel engine remain within the range of regulation.

Effect of Premixed Diesel Fuel on Partial HCCI Combustion Characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Y.H. Teoh ◽  
H.H. Masjuki ◽  
M.A. Kalam ◽  
Muhammad Afifi Amalina ◽  
H.G. How
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Hcci Combustion ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Ignition Characteristics

This study investigated the effects of premixed diesel fuel on the auto-ignition characteristics in a light duty compression ignition engine. A partial homogeneous chargecompression ignition (HCCI) engine was modified from a single cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection compression ignition engine. The partial HCCI is achieved by injecting diesel fuel into the intake port of the engine, while maintaining diesel fuel injected in cylinder for combustion triggering. The auto-ignition of diesel fuel has been studied at various premixed ratios from 0 to 0.60, under engine speed of 1600 rpm and 20Nm load. The results for performance, emissions and combustion were compared with those achieved without premixed fuel. From the heat release rate (HRR) profile which was calculated from in-cylinder pressure, it is clearly observed that two-stage and three-stage ignition were occurred in some of the cases. Besides, the increases of premixed ratio to some extent have significantly reduced in NO emission.

scholarly journals Predesign of a cylinder head of compression ignition engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
Jacek NOWAKOWSKI ◽  
Krzysztof SIKORA ◽  
Szymon CYPCER
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Design Calculations ◽  
The Given

The paper presents the initial design of the four-cylinder CI engine head and the analysis of the strength of the head with the use of FEM. The article covers: general assumptions of the designed head, analytical design calculations, three-dimensional head model and timing system components using CAD. The scope of calculations using the head calculation model includes strength calculations and determination of the amount of strain caused by the given load.

scholarly journals Impact of Split and Re-Entrant Type Piston Bowl Geometry Fuelled with Pre Heated Diesel and Biodiesel on a Compression Ignition Engine Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Das Akkur Neele Gowda ◽  
Hanumanahalli Kambadarangappa Shivanand ◽  
Harish Gangaiah ◽  
Bhaskar Hindisigere Bytarangaiah ◽  
Jagannatha Tumkur Doddaiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Piston Bowl ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Biodiesel Blend ◽  
Oil Crisis

Abstract The present investigation is carried out on biodiesel practicability over the existing non-renewable fuel due to its environmental dilapidation effect and oil crisis. Biodiesel was extracted from crude oil by transesterification, and its properties have been compared with those of neat diesel according to ASTM standards. Then, the blends of biodiesel are prepared for experimental analysis. Experimental results from our previous research study, the best blend was optimized. Then, the standard CI engine with Hemispherical Piston Bowl Geometry (HPBG) is modified to Toroidal or Split type Piston Bowl Geometry (TPBG) and Re-Entrant Piston Bowl Geometry (RPBG). Experimental works were carried out for preheated optimized blend, neat diesel with modified Piston Bowl Geometries. The engine characteristics results were compared with these altered conditions. The modified PBG with preheated biodiesel blend resulted in better Performance and Combustion characteristics. The preheated biodiesel blends indicated significant depletion in the emission of harmful particulate matter such as CO, NOx, and unburnt Hydrocarbons.

Cylinder Specific Pressure Predictions for Advanced Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engines Utilizing a Two-Stage Functional Data Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Huang ◽  
Lulu Kang ◽  
Mateos Kassa ◽  
Carrie Hall
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Operating Parameter ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Specific Pressure ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Pressure Trace

In-cylinder pressure is a critical metric that is used to characterize the combustion process of engines. While this variable is measured on many laboratory test beds, in-cylinder pressure transducers are not common on production engines. As such, accurate methods of predicting the cylinder pressure have been developed both for modeling and control efforts. This work examines a cylinder-specific pressure model for a dual fuel compression ignition engine. This model links the key engine input variables to the critical engine outputs including indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and peak pressure. To identify the specific impact of each operating parameter on the pressure trace, a surrogate model was produced based on a functional Gaussian process (GP) regression approach. The pressure trace is modeled as a function of the operating parameters, and a two-stage estimation procedure is introduced to overcome various computational challenges. This modeling method is compared to a commercial dual fuel combustion model and shown to be more accurate and less computationally intensive.

scholarly journals Chemical species tomographic imaging of the vapour fuel distribution in a compression-ignition engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 718-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stylianos-Alexios Tsekenis ◽  
Kumara Gurubaran Ramaswamy ◽  
Nigel Tait ◽  
Yannis Hardalupas ◽  
Alexander Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Fuel Distribution ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Planar Laser ◽  
Intake Pressure ◽  
Fuel Evaporation

This article reports the first application of chemical species tomography to visualise the in-cylinder fuel vapour concentration distribution during the mixing process in a compression-ignition engine. The engine was operated in motored conditions using nitrogen aspiration and fired conditions using a gasoline-like blend of 50% iso-dodecane and 50% n-dodecane. The tomography system comprises 31 laser beams arranged in a co-planar grid located below the injector. A novel, robust data referencing scheme was employed to condition the acquired data for image reconstruction using the iterative Landweber algorithm. Tomographic images were acquired during the compression stroke at a rate of 13 frames per crank angle degree within the same engine cycle at 1200 r min−1. The temperature-dependent fuel evaporation rate and mixing evolution were observed at different injection timings and intake pressure and temperature conditions. An initial cross-validation of the tomographic images was performed with planar laser-induced fluorescence images, showing good agreement in feature localisation and identification. This is the first time chemical species tomography using near-infrared spectroscopic absorption has been validated under engine conditions, and the first application of chemical species tomography to a compression-ignition engine.

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