Effect of Cryogenic Intake Air Temperature on the In-Cylinder Temperature and Formation of Exhaust Emissions in a Compression Ignition Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Se Hun Min ◽  
Hyun Kyu Suh ◽  
Seongin Jo ◽  
Suhan Park
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Combustion Behaviors

The objective of this study is to numerically investigate the effect of cryogenic intake air temperature on the in-cylinder temperature and formation of exhaust emissions in a CI engine. The experimental setup was consisted of a single-cylinder diesel engine. The intake air temperature was varied from 18 °C to 40 °C, which was controlled by cooler and heater. Submodels were applied for the simulations of physical/chemical phenomenon of spray and combustion behaviors. The intake air temperature in numerical condition was varied from −18 °C to 18 °C. The numerical results were validated with experimental results for the reliability of this work. The results of this work were compared in terms of cylinder pressure, rate of heat release (ROHR), indicated specific nitrogen oxide (ISNO), indicated specific carbon monoxide (ISCO), ignition delay, in-cylinder temperature distributions, equivalence ratio distributions, NO mass fraction, and CO mass fraction. When the intake air temperature was decreased in steps of 9 °C, the cylinder temperature and cylinder pressure were decreased in steps of about 14.5 °C and 0.05 MPa, respectively. In all cases, the area where the NO formed in the cylinder was identified with the area of the high equivalence ratio and temperature in the cylinder. The amount of CO generation shows the similar distributions in the cylinder according to the intake air temperature conditions. However, the oxidation rate of formed CO under the low intake air temperature was lower than those of the high intake air temperature.

Prediction of Peak Cylinder Pressure Variations Over Varying Inlet Air Condition of Compression-Ignition Engine

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Peak Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Cylinder Compression

Peak cylinder pressure of a compression-ignition engine can be affected by engine inlet air condition such as its temperature and pressure. The variation of peak cylinder pressure due to varying inlet air temperature and pressure is analytically studied in this paper. An analytical model is developed and thus the variations of peak cylinder pressure can be predicted along with inlet air temperature or pressure varying. It is indicated that cylinder compression ratio (CR) and intake air boost ratio (pm0/pi0) play significant roles in affecting the variation of peak cylinder pressure over inlet air temperature and pressure, and the pressure variation is proportional to CRk and pm0/pi0. The predicted results are compared to those from engine experiments, and show a close agreement. The prediction also includes the investigation of the variation in peak cylinder pressure due to varying the cylinder TDC volume. Results from the analytical studies are presented and show that the change in pmax versus a change in the volume is also affected by compression ratio. This indicates that for a certain change in the clearance volume, a higher compression-ratio configuration would produce a greater change in pmax than a lower compression-ratio would with the rest of the engine design parameters remaining unchanged.

Study of the Variations in Cylinder-Exhaust-Gas Temperature Over Inlet Air and Operation-Input Parameters of Compression-Ignition Engines

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

Cylinder-exhaust-gas temperature (Texh) of a turbocharged compression-ignition engine indicates the levels of engine thermal loading on cylinder and exhaust components, thermal efficiency performance, and engine exhaust emissions. In consideration that Texh is affected by engine air inlet condition that primarily includes inlet air temperature (Ti) and pressure (pi), this paper studies the variation (ΔTexh) of Texh over varying the engine inlet air parameters of compression-ignition engines. The study is to understand ΔTexh with appropriate relations between the inlet parameters and Texh being identified and simply modeled. The regarded effects on Texh and ΔTexh for both naturally aspirated and turbocharged engines of this type are analyzed and predicted. The results indicate that Texh increases as Ti increases or pi decreases. The rate of variation in ΔTexh over varying Ti or pressure pi is smaller in a turbocharged engine than that in a naturally aspirated engine, as reflected from the model and results of the analysis. The results also indicate, for instance, Texh would increase approximately by ∼2 °C as Ti increases by 1 °C or increase by ∼35 °C as pi decreases by 10−2 MPa, as predicted for a typical high-power turbocharged diesel engine operating at a typical full-load condition. The design and operating parameters significant in influencing ΔTexh along with varying Ti or pi are studied in addition. These include the degree of engine cylinder compression, the level of intake manifold air temperature, the magnitude of intake air boost, and the quantity of cycle combustion thermal input. As those parameters change, the rate of variation in Texh varies. For instance, the results indicate that the rate of ΔTexh versus the inlet air parameters would increase as the quantity of cycle combustion thermal input becomes higher. With the understanding of ΔTexh, the engine output performances of thermal loading, efficiency, and exhaust emissions, concerning engine operation at variable ambient temperature or pressure, can be understood and evaluated for the purpose of engine analysis, design, and optimization.

Prediction of Peak Cylinder Pressure Variations Over Varying Inlet Air Condition of Compression-Ignition Engine

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Peak Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Cylinder Compression

Peak cylinder pressure (pmax) of a compression-ignition engine can be affected by the engine inlet air condition, such as its inlet air temperature (Ti) and pressure (pi). The variation of peak cylinder pressure due to varying inlet air temperature or pressure is analytically studied. A model is developed and simplified, and thus the variations of pmax can be predicted along with varying inlet air temperature or pressure. The analysis and prediction indicate that cylinder active compression ratio (CR) and intake air boost ratio (pm0∕pi0) play relatively significant roles in affecting the variation of pmax over inlet air temperature and pressure, and the pressure variation is proportional to CRk and ratio pm0∕pi0. Comparison between the predicted results using the simplified model and those from engine experiments shows a close agreement in both the trend and magnitude. The investigation and prediction also include modeling the variation in pmax due to varying the cylinder TDC clearance volume (Vc). The simplified model is presented and shows that the change in pmax versus varying Vc also depends on the cylinder compression ratio. It is indicated that for a certain change in the clearance volume, a higher compression-ratio configuration would produce a greater change in pmax than a lower one does, especially as the rest of the engine design and operating parameters remain unchanged.

Quantification and Analysis of the Charge Cooling Effect of Methanol in a Compression Ignition Engine Utilizing PPC Strategy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Shamun ◽  
Burak Zincir ◽  
Pravesh Shukla ◽  
Pablo Garcia Valladolid ◽  
Sebastian Verhelst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Lower Heat ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Charge Cooling ◽  
Fuel Evaporation

The charge cooling effect of methanol was studied and compared to that of iso-octane. The reduction in compression work due to fuel evaporation and the gain in expansion work were evaluated by the means of in-cylinder pressure measurements in a HD CI engine. A single injection strategy was utilized to obtain a longer premixing period to adequately capture the cooling effect. The effect was clear for both tested fuels, however, methanol generally caused the pressure to reduce more than iso-octane near TDC. It was found that the contribution of reduced compression work to the increased net indicated efficiency is negligible. Regarding the expansion work, a slower combustion with higher pressure was obtained for methanol in comparison to that of iso-octane due to the cooling effect of fuel evaporation. As a result from this, a lower heat transfer loss was obtained for methanol, in addition to the significantly lower NOx emissions.

Investigation of fuel properties and engine analysis of Jatropha biodiesel of Kenyan origin

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Maina
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Crank Angle ◽  
Test Engine ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release

Biodiesel was produced from jatropha curcas oil of Kenyan origin through a two-step acid-base catalytic transesterification process. The relevant physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel were tested according to appropriate standards and were found to be within the requirements. Engine tests were carried out in an Audi, 1.9 litre, turbocharged direct injection, compression ignition engine at different loads. Emissions were measured by a Horiba emission analyser system while combustion data was collected by a data acquisition system, from which, cylinder pressure and rate of heat release of the test engine in every crank angle were calculated. Though the biodiesel had slightly higher brake specific fuel consumption when compared to fossil diesel, its emission behaviour was significantly better. The combustion characteristics were also slightly higher as compared to fossil diesel. This study therefore concluded that biodiesel derived from jatropha curcas of Kenyan origin can be utilized as a safe substitute for mineral diesel.

scholarly journals Exhaust emission characteristics of a gardener compression ignition engine fuelled with rapeseed methyl ester and fossil diesel

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 752-760
Author(s):  
H.A. Dandajeh ◽  
Y.S. Sanusi ◽  
T.O. Ahmadu
Keyword(s):  
Engine Speed ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Rapeseed Methyl Ester

This paper presents an experimental investigation into the exhaust emissions characteristics of a gardener Compression Ignition (CI) Engine fuelled with rapeseed methyl Esther (RME) and fossil diesel under lean equivalence ratios (0.2≤ φ ≤0.8). The experiments were carried out at engine speeds of 750 and 1250 rpm under five different loads. The experimental results showed that NOx and CO2 emissions increased while emissions of HC, O2 and CO decreased with increasing equivalence ratio, exhaust temperature, brake mean effective pressure and specific fuel consumption. All exhaust emissions were found to decrease with increasing engine speed from 750 to 1250 rpm. There was reduction in exhaust emissions of RME over fossil diesel by 0.06% for O2, 84% for CO and 4.7% for CO2 at 750rpm. At higher speed of 1250rpm however, RME was observed having higher NOx and CO2 but relatively lower O2 and CO than the fossil diesel. Keywords— Exhaust Emission, Compression ignition engine, rapeseed methyl Esther, engine speed, fossil diesel

Evaluating the combustion and emission phenomenon of algal and cotton seed biodiesel as fuel for compression ignition engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hariram Venkatesan ◽  
Godwin John J. ◽  
Seralathan Sivamani
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Algal Oil ◽  
Algal Biodiesel ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release

Purpose Vast areas have been studied toward combustion and emission analysis in vegetable oil methyl esters and quite a few in algal oil biodiesel. To analyze the better alternate source for diesel engine, this study aims to investigate the combustion behavior and emission characteristics between cottonseed biodiesel and algal oil biodiesel on comparison with mineral diesel in a compression ignition engine. Design/methodology/approach The fuel properties like density, kinematic viscosity, calorific value and Cetane number have met the biodiesel standards for both algal and cottonseed biodiesel. At rated power, engine was operated on all three test fuels, where combustion analysis describing in-cylinder pressure, peak pressure, rate of pressure rise and rate of heat release and emission characteristics including hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke for both biodiesel comparing mineral diesel. Findings Algal and cottonseed biodiesel showed up to 2-3°CA delayed start of combustion comparing mineral diesel curve. The in-cylinder pressure of algal biodiesel was found to be 68 bar, whereas cottonseed biodiesel exhibited 65 bar at full load condition. Similarly, the rate of pressure rise and rate of heat release of algal biodiesel depicted 7.9 and 10.7 per cent rise than cottonseed biodiesel, respectively. As the load increased, ignition delay showed decreasing trend, while combustion duration showed an increasing trend. HC, CO and smoke emissions were seen to be lower than mineral diesel with noticeable increase in NOx emission. Originality/value In this present investigation, biodiesel from Stoechospermum Marginatum, a marine marco algae, was used to fuel the compression ignition engine. Its combustion behavior and emission characteristics are compared with cottonseed biodiesel, a vegetable oil-based biodiesel having similar physio-chemical characteristics to understand the suitability of algal biodiesel in compression ignition engine. This study involves the assessment of straight biodiesel from macro algae and cottonseed oil on standard operating conditions.

Study of Cylinder-Exhaust-Gas-Temperature Variations Over Inlet Air Parameters of Compression-Ignition Engines

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

Cylinder-exhaust-gas temperature (Texh) of a turbocharged compression-ignition engine indicates the levels of engine thermal loading on cylinder and exhaust components, thermal efficiency performance, and engine exhaust emissions. In consideration that Texh is affected by engine air inlet condition that primarily includes inlet air temperature (Ti) and pressure (pi), this paper studies the variation (ΔTexh) of Texh over varying the engine inlet air parameters of compression-ignition engines. The study is to understand ΔTexh with appropriate relations between the inlet parameters and Texh identified and simply modeled. The regarded effects on Texh and ΔTexh for turbocharged engines of this type are analyzed and predicted. The results indicate that Texh generally increases as Ti increases or pi decreases. For example, Texh would increase by ∼2 °C as Ti increases by 1 °C or increase by ∼35 °C as pi decreases by 10−2 MPa, as predicted for a typical high-power turbocharged diesel engine. The design and operating parameters significant in influencing ΔTexh along with varying Ti or pi are also studied. These include the degree of engine cylinder compression, the level of intake manifold air temperature, the magnitude of intake air boost, and the quantity of cycle combustion thermal input. As those change, the rate of variation in Texh varies. For instance, the results indicate that the rate of ΔTexh versus the inlet air parameters would increase as the quantity of cycle combustion thermal input becomes higher. With the understanding of ΔTexh, the engine output performances of thermal loading, efficiency, and exhaust emissions, concerning engine operation at variable ambient temperature or pressure, can be understood and evaluated for the purpose of engine analysis, design and optimization.

scholarly journals Formulation of a task to control of harmful exhaust emissions from compression ignition engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Jacek NOWAKOWSKI ◽  
Krzysztof BRZOZOWSKI ◽  
Tomasz KNEFEL
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Common Rail System ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Working Cycle ◽  
Ci Engine

This paper presents a possibility of control a harmful exhaust emissions from compression ignition engine based on computationally efficiently model of the working cycle a compression ignition engine. Parameters of the model are identified on the basis of experimental measurements carried out for a CI engine with Common Rail system. In this study is considered the control task aimed at minimization of nitrogen oxides emission for a fixed operating point of the engine.

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