Numerical Optimization of Geometry Parameters for Shaped Film Cooling Holes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad M. Alshehaby ◽  
Kasem E. Ragab ◽  
Lamyaa El-Gabry
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Circular Hole ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Rectangular Slot ◽  
Gas Turbine Blades ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Optimization Of Geometry ◽  
Film Cooling Holes

Film cooling, along with other approaches, are essential to control the very high gas temperatures passing over gas turbine blades. The abundant research in film cooling characteristics and parameters reveals the importance of the topic as an integral part of blade cooling. Although these extensive studies have identified the important parameters that influence both aerodynamics and thermal performance of film cooling, optimization research is continuing to enhance overall system design. Owing to the simplicity in manufacturing, the circular hole shape has been studied more than any other shaped coolant hole. However, data from literature shows that shaped hole may limit coolant jet separation, resulting in less aerodynamic losses and better cooling effect. The purpose of the present study is to numerically verify aeroslot (rectangular slot with fully round ends) superiority over circular one by neutralizing other important parameters, and to optimize the aeroslot aspect ratio (straight length over thickness) to maximize cooling effect. After confirming model validity, a comparison between aeroslot and circular hole showed a superiority of the former in terms of adiabatic film effectiveness. In addition, aspect ratio optimization was evaluated in terms of both adiabatic film effectiveness and Nusselt number indications. Aspect ratios from 2.5 to 8 were tested. It was found that the optimum aspect ratio for overall cooling performance is 7. The influence of velocity and thermal diffusion on surface temperature was examined.

Discharge Coefficients of Holes Angled to the Flow Direction

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hay ◽  
S. E. Henshall ◽  
A. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Discharge Coefficient ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Gas Turbine Blades ◽  
Discharge Coefficients ◽  
Film Cooling Holes

In the cooling passages of gas turbine blades, branches are often angled to the direction of the internal flow. This is particularly the case with film cooling holes. Accurate knowledge of the discharge coefficient of such holes at the design stage is vital so that the holes are correctly sized, thus avoiding wastage of coolant and the formation of hot spots on the blade. This paper describes an experimental investigation to determine the discharge coefficient of 30 deg inclined holes with various degrees of inlet radiusing and with the axis of the hole at various orientation angles to the direction of the flow. Results are given for nominal main flow Mach numbers of 0, 0.15, and 0.3. The effects of radiusing, orientation, and crossflow Mach number are quantified in the paper, the general trends are described, and the criteria for optimum performance are identified.

Discharge Coefficients of Holes Angled to the Flow Direction

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hay ◽  
S. E. Henshall ◽  
A. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Discharge Coefficient ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Gas Turbine Blades ◽  
Film Cooling Holes

In the cooling passages of gas turbine blades, branches are often angled to the direction of the internal flow. This is particularly the case with film cooling holes. Accurate knowledge of the discharge coefficient of such holes at the design stage is vital so that the holes are correctly sized thus avoiding wastage of coolant and the formation of hot spots on the blade. This paper describes an experimental investigation to determine the discharge coefficient of 30° inclined holes with various degrees of inlet radiusing and with the axis of the hole at various orientation angles to the direction of the flow. Results are given for nominal main flow Mach numbers of 0, 0.15 and 0.3. The effects of radiusing, orientation and cross flow Mach number are quantified in the paper, the general trends are described, and the criteria for optimum performance are identified.

scholarly journals Thermal-Structural Mission Analyses of Air-Cooled Gas Turbine Blades

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Kaufman ◽  
R. E. Gaugler
Keyword(s):  
Film Cooling ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Gas Turbine Blades ◽  
Analysis Computer ◽  
Beam Type ◽  
Film Cooling Holes

Cyclic temperature and stress-strain states in cooled turbine blades were calculated for a simulated mission of an advanced technology aircraft engine. TACT1 (three dimensional heat transfer) and MARC (non-linear structural analysis) computer programs were used to analyze impingement cooled airfoils, with and without leading-edge film cooling. Creep was the pre-dominant damage mode, particularly around film cooling holes. Radially angled holes exhibited less creep than holes normal to surface. Beam-type analyses of all-impingement cooled airfoils gave fair agreement with MARC results for initial creep.

Effect of Hole Pitch Ratio and Compound Angle on the Thermal Flow Fields of Double-Jet Film Cooling Hole

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon-Young Cho ◽  
Hyeon-Seok Seo ◽  
Youn-Jea Kim
Keyword(s):  
Film Cooling ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Flow ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Gas Turbine Blades ◽  
Ansys Cfx ◽  
Cooling Hole ◽  
Pitch Distance

In this study, the effect of a row of double-jet film-cooling hole configurations on the thermal-flow characteristics of gas turbine blades was examined. To investigate the effect of the interference of anti-kidney vortices, the ratios of the pitch distance and hole diameter (P/d=5, 6.25, 8.333) were considered with two different compound angles (λ=0°, 4°). The film cooling performance and the generated losses were studied. Then, the relevant mechanisms were identified and explained. A numerical study was performed using ANSYS CFX 14.5 with the shear stress transport (SST) turbulent model. The blowing ratio was kept at a constant value of M=1.5. The film cooling effectiveness and temperature distribution are graphically depicted with various geometrical configurations.

Flowfield Measurements for Film-Cooling Holes With Expanded Exits

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Thole ◽  
M. Gritsch ◽  
A. Schulz ◽  
S. Wittig
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Round Hole ◽  
Turbulence Level ◽  
Jet In Crossflow ◽  
Expansion Angle ◽  
Cooling Hole ◽  
Film Cooling Holes

One viable option to improve cooling methods used for gas turbine blades is to optimize the geometry of the film-cooling hole. To optimize that geometry, effects of the hole geometry on the complex jet-in-crossflow interaction need to be understood. This paper presents a comparison of detailed flowfield measurements for three different single, scaled-up hole geometries, all at a blowing ratio and density ratio of unity. The hole geometries include a round hole, a hole with a laterally expanded exit, and a hole with a forward-laterally expanded exit. In addition to the flowfield measurements for expanded cooling hole geometries being unique to the literature, the testing facility used for these measurements was also unique in that both the external mainstream Mach number (Ma∞ = 0.25) and internal coolant supply Mach number (Mac = 0.3) were nearly matched. Results show that by expanding the exit of the cooling holes, both the penetration of the cooling jet and the intense shear regions are significantly reduced relative to a round hole. Although the peak turbulence level for all three hole geometries was nominally the same, the source of that turbulence was different. The peak turbulence level for both expanded holes was located at the exit of the cooling hole resulting from the expansion angle being too large. The peak turbulence level for the round hole was located downstream of the hole exit where the velocity gradients were very large.

scholarly journals Prediction of Film Cooling Effectiveness of Steam

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Je-Chin Han ◽  
P. E. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Film Cooling ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Gas Turbine Blades ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

The intent of this work is to show, analytically, that superheated steam can provide better film cooling than conventional air for gas turbine blades and vanes. Goldstein’s two-dimensional and Eckert’s three-dimensional models have been reexamined and modified in order to include the effects of thermal-fluid properties of foreign gas injection on the film cooling effectiveness. Based on the modified models, the computed results for steam film cooling effectiveness, showing an increase of 80 to 100 percent when compared with air cooling at the same operating conditions, are presented.

Flowfield Measurements for Film-Cooling Holes With Expanded Exits

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Thole ◽  
M. Gritsch ◽  
A. Schulz ◽  
S. Wittig
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Round Hole ◽  
Turbulence Level ◽  
Jet In Crossflow ◽  
Expansion Angle ◽  
Cooling Hole ◽  
Film Cooling Holes

One viable option to improve cooling methods used for gas turbine blades is to optimize the geometry of the film-cooling hole. To optimize that geometry, effects of the hole geometry on the complex jet-in-crossflow interaction need to be understood. This paper presents a comparison of detailed flowfield measurements for three different single, scaled-up, hole geometries all at a blowing ratio and density ratio of unity. The hole geometries include a round hole, a hole with a laterally expanded exit, and a hole with a forward-laterally expanded exit. In addition to the flowfield measurements for expanded cooling hole geometries being unique to the literature, the testing facility used for these measurements was also unique in that both the external mainstream Mach number (Ma∞ = 0.25) and internal coolant supply Mach number (Mac = 0.3) were nearly matched. Results show that by expanding the exit of the cooling holes, the penetration of the cooling jet as well as the intense shear regions are significantly reduced relative to a round hole. Although the peak turbulence levels for all three hole geometries was nominally the same, the source of that turbulence was different. The peak turbulence level for both expanded holes was located at the exit of the cooling hole resulting from the expansion angle being too large. The peak turbulence level for the round hole was located downstream of the hole exit where the velocity gradients were very large.

Film Cooling of Gas Turbine Blades: A Study of the Effect of Large Temperature Differences on Film Cooling Effectiveness

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Paradis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Constant Property ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Gas Turbine Blades ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Simple Equations

Experiments have been performed on the film cooling of gas turbine blades in order to study the influence of large temperature differences on the effectiveness of film cooling. A two-dimensional flat plate model was tested in a stream of 1000 K combustion gases flowing at between 110 and 170 m/s. The model was cooled on both sides by jets of air coming from flush angled slots. The range of velocity ratios Uc/Ug covered was from 0.3 to 1.7 and the range of blowing rates was between 0.5 and 5. Film cooling effectiveness was measured and boundary layer traverses were performed. It has been found that once radiation and conduction effects are taken into account, the simple equations proposed by previous workers for the constant property case could be used with little error.

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