Influence of Ion Implantation on Tribo and Mechanical Behaviour of Duplex Hard Coatings

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Skoric ◽  
Damir Kakas ◽  
Aleksandar Miletic
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
Unloading Stiffness

In this paper, we present the results of a study of TiN films which are deposited by a Physical Vapor Deposition and Ion Beam Assisted Deposition. In the present investigation the subsequent ion implantation was provided with N2+ ions. The ion implantation was applied to enhance the mechanical properties of surface. In the nanoindentation technique, hardness and Young’s modulus can be determined by the Oliver and Pharr method. Indentation was performed with CSM Nanohardness Tester. The results are analyzed in terms of load-displacement curves, hardness, Young’s modulus, unloading stiffness and elastic recovery The analysis of the indents was performed by Atomic Force Microscope. The stress determination follows the conventional sin2 Ψ method, using a X-ray diffractometer. A variety of analytic techniques were used for characterization, such as scratch test, calo test, SEM, AFM, XRD and EDAX. Therefore, by properly selecting the processing parameters, well-adherent TiN films with high hardness can be obtained on engineering steel substrates, and show a potential for engineering applications. The experimental results indicated that the mechanical hardness is elevated by penetration of nitrogen, whereas the Young’s modulus is significantly elevated.

Characterization of Hard Coatings Modified with Nitrogen Implantation

2010 ◽  
Vol 297-301 ◽  
pp. 1027-1036
Author(s):  
Branko Skoric ◽  
Damir Kakas ◽  
Aleksansar Miletic
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Crystallographic Orientation ◽  
Vapour Deposition ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Ion Beam Assisted Deposition ◽  
Nanoindentation Technique

In this paper, we present results of a study of TiN films which are deposited by Physical Vapor Deposition and Ion Beam Assisted Deposition. In the present investigation the subsequent ion implantation was provided with N2+ ions. The ion implantation was applied to enhance the mechanical properties of the surface. The film deposition process exerts a number of effects such as crystallographic orientation, morphology, topography, densification of the films. The evolution of the microstructure from porous and columnar grains to densely packed grains is accompanied by changes in mechanical and physical properties. A variety of analytic techniques were used for characterization, such as scratch test, calo test, SEM, AFM, XRD and EDAX. The experimental results indicated that the mechanical hardness is elevated by penetration of nitrogen, whereas the Young’s modulus is significantly elevated. Thin hard coatings deposited by physical vapour deposition (PVD), e.g. titanium nitride (TiN) are frequently used to improve tribological performance in many engineering applications. Ion bombardment during vapour deposition of thin films, colled ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD), exerts a number of effects such as densification, changes in grain size, crystallographic orientation, morphology and topography of the films. This paper describes the successful use of the nanoindentation technique for determination of hardness and elastic modulus. In the nanoindentation technique, hardness and Young’s modulus can be determined by the Oliver and Pharr method. Therefore, in recent years, a number of measurements have been made in which nanoindentation and AFM have been combined.

Analysis of nanoindentation load-displacement loading curves

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1987-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Hainsworth ◽  
H. W. Chandler ◽  
T. F. Page
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Test Volume ◽  
Considerable Difficulty ◽  
Load Displacement ◽  
The Relationship

Nanoindentation load-displacement curves provide a “mechanical fingerprint” of a materials response to contact deformation. Over the last few years, much attention has been focused on understanding the factors controlling the detailed shape of unloading curves so that parameters such as true contact area, Young's modulus, and an indentation hardness number can be derived. When the unloading curve is well behaved (by which we mean approximating to linear behavior, or alternatively, fitting a power-law relationship), then this approach can be very successful. However, when the test volume displays considerable elastic recovery as the load is removed [e.g., for many stiff hard materials and many inhomogeneous systems (e.g., those employing thin hard coatings)], then the unloading curve fits no existing model particularly well. This results in considerable difficulty in obtaining valid mechanical property data for these types of materials. An alternative approach, described here, is to attempt to understand the shapes of nanoindentation loading curve and thus quantitatively model the relationship between Young's modulus, indentation hardness, indenter geometry, and the resultant maximum displacement for a given load. This paper describes the development and refinement of a previous approach by Loubet et al1 originally suggested for a Vickers indenter, but applied here to understand the factors that control the shape of the loading curve during nanoindentation experiments with a pointed, trigonal (Berkovich) indenter. For a range of materials, the relationship P = Kmδ2 was found to describe the indenter displacement, δ, in terms of the applied load P. For each material, Km can be predicted from the Young's modulus (E) and the hardness (H). The result is that if either E or H is known, then the other may be calculated from the experimental loading curve. This approach provides an attractive alternative to finite element modeling and is a tractable approach for those cases where analysis of unloading curves is infeasible.

scholarly journals Hardness, Young’s Modulus and Elastic Recovery in Magnetron Sputtered Amorphous AlMgB14 Films

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Grishin
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Indentation Size Effect ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
Magnesium Boride ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aluminum Magnesium Boride ◽  
Optical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Diamond Probe

We report optical and mechanical properties of hard aluminum magnesium boride films magnetron sputtered from a stoichiometric AlMgB14 ceramic target onto Corning® 1737 Glass and Si (100) wafers. High target sputtering rf-power and sufficiently short target-to-substrate distance appeared to be critical processing conditions. Amorphous AlMgB14 films demonstrate very strong indentation size effect (ISE): exceptionally high nanohardness H = 88 GPa and elastic Young’s modulus E* = 517 GPa at 26 nm of the diamond probe penetration depth and almost constant values, respectively, of about 35 GPa and 275 GPa starting at depths of about 2–3% of films’ thickness. For comparative analysis of elastic strain to failure index  H/E*, resistance to plastic deformation ratio H3/E*2 and elastic recovery ratio We were obtained in nanoindentation tests performed in a wide range of loading forces from 0.5 to 40 mN. High authentic numerical values of H = 50 GPa and E* = 340 GPa correlate with as low as only 10% of total energy dissipating through the plastic deformations.

A Phenomenological Model for the Hysteresis Behavior of Metal Sheets Subjected to Unloading/Reloading Cycles

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-A. Eggertsen ◽  
K. Mattiasson ◽  
J. Hertzman
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Yield Criterion ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Secant Modulus ◽  
New Model ◽  
Forming Simulation ◽  
Metal Sheets ◽  
Steel Grades

The springback phenomenon is defined as elastic recovery of the stresses produced during the forming of a material. An accurate prediction of the springback puts high demands on the material modeling during the forming simulation, as well as during the unloading simulation. In classic plasticity theory, the unloading of a material after plastic deformation is assumed to be linearly elastic with the stiffness equal to Young’s modulus. However, several experimental investigations have revealed that this is an incorrect assumption. The unloading and reloading stress–strain curves are in fact not even linear, but slightly curved, and the secant modulus of this nonlinear curve deviates from the initial Young’s modulus. More precisely, the secant modulus is degraded with increased plastic straining of the material. The main purpose of the present work has been to formulate a constitutive model that can accurately predict the unloading of a material. The new model is based on the classic elastic-plastic framework, and works together with any yield criterion and hardening evolution law. To determine the parameters of the new model, two different tests have been performed: unloading/reloading tests of uniaxially stretched specimens, and vibrometric tests of prestrained sheet strips. The performance of the model has been evaluated in simulations of the springback of simple U-bends and a drawbead example. Four different steel grades have been studied in the present investigation.

Temperature coefficient of Young’s modulus of silver microwhiskers determined by a laser Doppler vibration measurement

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150350
Author(s):  
Yijun Jiang ◽  
Mingyuan Lu ◽  
Shiliang Wang ◽  
Han Huang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Laser Doppler Vibrometer ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Vibration Measurement

Temperature dependence of Young’s modulus of Ag microwhiskers was determined by a laser Doppler vibrometer. The Ag whiskers with diameters in sub-microns were synthesized by the use of physical vapor deposition (PVD). They have a five-fold twinned structure grown along the [1 1 0] direction. The temperature coefficient of Young’s modulus was measured to be [Formula: see text] ppm/K in the range of 300 K to 650 K. The measured values are very close to the reported values of [Formula: see text] ppm/K for bulk Ag single crystals. This finding can benefit the design of Ag-based micro/nano-electromechanical systems or micro/nano-interconnectors operated at elevated or lowered temperatures.

A New Method Developed for Brittle and Ductile Materials to Evaluate Mechanical Properties of a Lump Specimen in the Use of Indentation Test

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pal Jen Wei ◽  
Jen Fin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Indentation Test ◽  
New Method ◽  
Ductile Materials ◽  
Conventional Material ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Logarithm Function

In this study, the load-depth (P‐h) relationships matching the experimental results of the nanoindentation tests exhibited at the subregions of small and large depths are obtained, respectively. The relationships associated with these two subregions are then linked by the hyperbolic logarithm function to attain a single expression that is applied in the evaluation of the specimen’s elastic recovery ability, as shown in the unloading process. A new method is developed in the present study to evaluate both Young’s modulus and the yield strength of either a ductile or brittle material through the uses of the appropriate P‐h relationships developed in the load and unloading processes. The results of the Young’s modulus and the yield strength achieved by the present method are compared to those obtained from the conventional material tests for a lump material. The scattering of the experimental data shown in the loading and unloading processes are also interpreted by different causes.

Nanomultilayer Coatings Based on Vanadium Nitride

2015 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Smolik ◽  
Adam Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Zbigniew Słomka ◽  
Jan Bujak ◽  
Joanna Kacprzyńska-Gołacka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Multilayer Coating ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Vanadium Nitride ◽  
Material Solution

Based on the analysis of the research directions in the field of coatings and layers with special operating properties, the production technologies of composite coatings, including the gradient, multi-layer, and multi-component coatings, should be distinct. The paper presents the results of material properties tests of a multi-layer coating Ti / TiN / TiAlNgradient / (TiAlN/VN)multinano obtained on hot working steel EN X32CrMoV3.3. The preparation of the multilayer coating was specially designed to increase the durability of forging dies in the brass forging process. The authors discuss the results of the microstructure tests for the obtained coatings (STEM+FIB) and present the hardness and Young's modulus as a function of the distance from the surface (nanoHardness Tester CSM) and the results of adhesion tests carried out using a scratch-test method. The obtained multilayer coatings were also subject to a tribological test using a tribometer tester by DUCOM. The authors indicate that the coatings based on vanadium nitride have very high hardness and Young's modulus (HV = 32–35 GPa, E = 420–450 GPa), a much lower coefficient of friction in combination with brass than steel, and a lower stability of these parameters at elevated temperatures. According to the authors, the coating represents an interesting material solution to increase the durability of forging dies in the process of brass forging.

XRD Tensile Test Technique to Measure Mechanical Properties of Micron-Thick Si and TiN Films

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 574-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Namazu ◽  
Shozo Inoue ◽  
Daisuke Ano ◽  
Keiji Koterazawa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Lateral Strain ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Tin Films

This paper focuses on investigating mechanical properties of micron-thick polycrystalline titanium nitride (TiN) films. We propose a new technique that can directly measure lateral strain of microscale crystalline specimen by X-ray diffraction (XRD) during tensile test. The XRD tensile test can provide not only Young’s modulus but also Poisson’s ratio of TiN films. Micron-thick TiN films were deposited onto both surfaces of single crystal silicon (Si) specimen by r.f. reactive magnetron sputtering. Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of Si specimen obtained by XRD tensile tests were in good agreement with analytical values. TiN films deposited at Ar partial pressure of 0.7Pa had the average values of 290GPa and 0.36 for Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. The elastic mechanical properties of TiN films gradually decreased down to 220GPa and 0.29 with increasing Ar partial pressure up to 1.0Pa, regardless of film thickness. The change in the film properties with Ar partial pressure would be attributed to the change in the film density.

Duplex Hard Coatings with Aditional Ion Implantation

2012 ◽  
Vol 157-158 ◽  
pp. 1320-1323
Author(s):  
Branko Škorić ◽  
D. Kakaš ◽  
G. Favato ◽  
A. Miletić ◽  
M. Arsenovic
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Tin Thin Films

In this paper, we present the results of a study of TiN thin films which are deposited by a Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) and Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD). In the present investigation the subsequent ion implantation was provided with N2+ ions. The ion implantation was applied to enhance the mechanical properties of surface. The thin film deposition process exerts a number of effects such as crystallographic orientation, morphology, topography, densification of the films.. A variety of analytic techniques were used for characterization, such as scratch test, calo test, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX).

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