Optimum Microturbine Sizing in Small Scale CHP Systems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Aghaei Meybodi ◽  
Masud Behnia
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Present Worth ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Chp System ◽  
The Impact

Microturbines are ideally suited for distributed generation applications due to their flexibility in connection methods. They can be stacked in parallel for larger loads and provide stable and reliable power generation. One of the main applications of microturbines is operating as the prime mover in a combined heat and power (CHP) system. CHP systems are considered to be one of the best ways to produce heat and power with efficient fossil fuel consumption. Further, these systems emit less pollution compared to separate productions of the same amount of electricity and heat. In order to optimally benefit from combined heat and power systems, the proper sizing of prime movers is of paramount importance. This paper presents a technical-economic method for selecting the optimum number and nominal power as well as planning the operational strategy of microturbines as the prime movers of small scale combined heat and power systems (capacities up to 500 kW) in three modes of operation: one-way connection (OWC) mode, two-way connection (TWC) mode, and heat demand following (HDF) mode. In the proposed sizing procedure both performance characteristics of the prime mover and economic parameters (i.e. capital and maintenance costs) are taken into account. As the criterion for decision making Net Present Worth (NPW) is used. In our analysis we have also considered the impact of carbon tax on the economics of generation. The proposed approach may also be used for other types of prime movers as well as other sizes of CHP system.

Optimum Sizing of the Prime Mover in a Medium Scale Gas Turbine CHP System

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Aghaei Meybodi ◽  
Masud Behnia
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Chp System ◽  
The Impact

Optimum selection of prime movers in combined heat and power (CHP) systems is of crucial importance due to the fact that inappropriate choices reduce the benefits of CHP systems considerably. In the selection procedure, the performance characteristics of prime movers as well as economic parameters should be taken into account. In this paper, a thermo-economic method for selecting the optimum nominal power and planning the operational strategy of gas turbine as the prime mover of a medium scale (500–5000 kW) CHP system is presented. Appropriate relations for estimating thermodynamic and economic parameters of the system in the context of net annual cost criterion are introduced. Three modes of operation have been considered, namely, two-way connection (TWC) mode, one-way connection (OWC) mode, and heat demand following (HDF) mode. In TWC mode, buying electricity from the grid and selling the excess electricity to the grid are allowed. OWC mode is a situation in which it is only possible to buy electricity from the grid. In HDF mode, buying electricity from the grid and selling electricity to the grid are allowed. HDF mode of operation is considered to have the minimum waste of energy due to the fact that prime movers work in a condition at which the excess produced heat is minimal. As a way of dealing with the environmental concerns, the impact of carbon tax has also been studied. The proposed method has been used for a case study. It was observed that the optimum nominal powers in TWC mode, OWC mode, and HDF mode are 3.5 MW, 3.4 MW, and 0.8 MW, respectively. Furthermore, in order to determine the sensitivity of results to parameters such as cost of electricity, cost of fuel, and carbon tax, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis was conducted. It is noted that the proposed method may be used for other types of prime movers (such as internal combustion engines) as well as various sizes of combined heat and power systems.

The Impact of Australia’s Carbon Price on the Optimisation and Selection of Gas Turbine CHP System

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanel A. Gibson ◽  
Mehdi Aghaei Meybodi ◽  
Masud Behnia
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Present Worth ◽  
Dual Connection ◽  
Chp System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Optimum Working ◽  
Selection Of

This paper aims to indentify the impact of Australia’s carbon pricing mechanism on the optimization of a gas turbine combined heat and power (CHP) system using a thermo-economic approach. Three economic scenarios were considered: no carbon price (case one); carbon price and not liable (case two); and a carbon price and liable (case three). With the intention of demonstrating the methodology used and to identify the impact of the carbon price quantitatively, a case study was utilized. Pricing data sourced from an ongoing investigation at this institution was employed to facilitate the three economic scenarios in addition to the yearly price fluctuations. The system was permitted to operate at off-design conditions in order to determine the optimum working conditions for each month. The analysis drew on the economic indicators of net present worth and payback period. Two connection modes to the grid were considered: a single connection that allowed only for the purchasing of supplementary electricity from the grid and a dual connection which allowed both purchasing and selling of electricity.

Assessment of Tesla Turbine Performance for Small Scale Rankine Combined Heat and Power Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Van P. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Turbine Design ◽  
The Impact

For solar Rankine cycle combined heat and power systems for residential buildings and other small-scale applications (producing 1–10 kWe), a low manufacturing cost, robust, and durable expander is especially attractive. The Tesla-type turbine design has these desired features. This paper summarizes a theoretical exploration of the performance of a Tesla turbine as the expander in a small-scale Rankine cycle combined heat and power system. A one-dimensional idealized model of momentum transfer in the turbine rotor is presented, which can be used to predict the efficiency of the turbine for typical conditions in these systems. The model adopts a nondimensional formulation that identifies the dimensionless parameters that dictate performance features of the turbine. The model is shown to agree well with experimental performance data obtained in earlier tests of prototype Tesla turbine units. The model is used to explore the performance of this type of turbine for Rankine cycle applications using water as a working fluid. The model indicates that isentropic efficiencies above 0.75 can be achieved if the operating conditions are tailored in an optimal way. The scalability of the turbine design, and the impact of the theoretical model predictions on the development of solar combined heat and power systems are also discussed.

Number and Nominal Power of Prime Movers in Combined Heat and Power Systems

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Sanaye ◽  
Mehdi Aghaee Meibodi ◽  
Shahabeddin Shokrollahi ◽  
Habibollah Fouladi
Keyword(s):  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Operational Strategy ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Heating Load ◽  
Chp System ◽  
Selection Of

Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems have many economical and environmental benefits. Generally, selection of these systems is performed using the time-dependent curves of the required electricity and heating load during a year. In the selection of a CHP system, the operation of this system at off-design point also should be studied. In this paper, a method for selecting the number of prime movers, and determining their nominal power and operational strategy considering specific electrical and heating loads is presented. Three types of prime movers which are studied in this paper are gas turbine, diesel engine, and gas engine. Selecting the number of each type of prime mover and determining their nominal power as well as the operational strategy are presented here. Ambient conditions and electricity and heating load curves are assumed as known parameters. Parameters such as engine thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, mass flow rate of fuel and exhaust gases are computed for three types of prime movers. After determining the optimum value of number and nominal power of prime mover(s), the operational strategy of each type of prime mover in CHP system is analyzed.

Assessment of Tesla Turbine Performance for Small Scale Solar Rankine Combined Heat and Power Systems

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van P. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Turbine Design ◽  
The Impact

For solar Rankine cycle combined heat and power systems for residential buildings and other small-scale applications (producing 1–10 kWe), a low manufacturing cost, robust and durable expander is especially attractive. The Tesla turbine design has these desired features. This paper summarizes a theoretical exploration of the performance of a Tesla Turbine as the expander in a small-scale Rankine cycle combine heat and power system. A one-dimensional idealized model of momentum transfer in the turbine rotor is presented which can be used to predict the efficiency of the turbine for typical conditions in these systems. The model adopts a non-dimensional formulation that identifies the dimensionless parameters that dictate performance features of the turbine. The model is shown to agree well with experimental performance data obtained in earlier tests of prototype Tesla turbine units. The model is used to explore the performance of this type of turbine for Rankine cycle applications using water as a working fluid. The model indicates that isentropic efficiencies above 0.70 can be achieved if the operating conditions are tailored in an optimal way. The scalability of the turbine design, and the impact of the theoretical model predictions on development of solar combined heat and power systems are also discussed.

scholarly journals Noise assessment of the small-scale wind farm

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Cristian-Gabriel Alionte ◽  
Daniel-Constantin Comeaga
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Small Power ◽  
Noise Assessment ◽  
The Impact

The importance of renewable energy and especially of eolian systems is growing. For this reason, we propose the investigation of an important pollutant - the noise, which has become so important that European Commission and European Parliament introduced Directive 2002/49/CE relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise. So far, priority has been given to very large-scale systems connected to national energy systems, wind farms whose highly variable output power could be regulated by large power systems. Nowadays, with the development of small storage capacities, it is feasible to install small power wind turbines in cities of up to 10,000 inhabitants too. As a case study, we propose a simulation for a rural locality where individual wind units could be used. This specific case study is interesting because it provides a new perspective of the impact of noise on the quality of life when the use of this type of system is implemented on a large scale. This option, of distributed and small power wind turbine, can be implemented in the future as an alternative or an adding to the common systems.

A modeling approach for low-temperature SOFC-based micro-combined heat and power systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fida Hussain ◽  
M. Ashfaq Ahmad ◽  
Saeed Badshah ◽  
Rizwan Raza ◽  
M. Ajmal Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Operating Strategies ◽  
End Use ◽  
Chp System

The world’s challenge is to determine a more efficient, economical and environmental-friendly energy source to compete and replace the ongoing conventional energy resources. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) provide a highly efficient system to use divergent energy resources and have proved to provide the cleanest energy, least energy use, and lowest emissions. A techno-economic study is required to investigate the model design for SOFC-based micro-combined heat and power (m-CHP) systems for applications in terms of educational and commercial buildings. This work models and explores the optimized application of hydrogen gas-fueled SOFC-based m-CHP systems in educational buildings. Two educational departments’ loads are presented and model of SOFC-based m-CHP system against the different electric power demands is performed, in order to provide a techno-economic assessment of the technology. For successful development of the technology, results are related to system rightsizing, operating strategies, thermal to electric ratios, and match between end-use, with an aim towards classifying the overall feasibility and essential application requirements.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Evaluation of Interconnected Nuclear-Renewable Micro Hybrid Energy Systems with Combined Heat and Power

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam A. Gabbar ◽  
Muhammad R. Abdussami ◽  
Md. Ibrahim Adham
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems ◽  
The Impact

Renewable energy sources (RESs) play an indispensable role in sustainable advancement by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Nevertheless, due to the shortcomings of RESs, an energy mix with RESs is required to support the baseload and to avoid the effects of RES variability. Fossil fuel-based thermal generators (FFTGs), like diesel generators, have been used with RESs to support the baseload. However, using FFTGs with RESs is not a good option to reduce GHG emissions. Hence, the small-scale nuclear power plant (NPPs), such as the micro-modular reactor (MMR), have become a modern alternative to FFTGs. In this paper, the authors have investigated five different hybrid energy systems (HES) with combined heat and power (CHP), named ‘conventional small-scale fossil fuel-based thermal energy system,’ ‘small-scale stand-alone RESs-based energy system,’ ‘conventional small-scale fossil fuel-based thermal and RESs-based HES,’ ‘small-scale stand-alone nuclear energy system,’ and ‘nuclear-renewable micro hybrid energy system (N-R MHES),’ respectively, in terms of net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE), and GHG emissions. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to identify the impact of the different variables on the systems. The results reveal that the N-R MHES could be the most suitable scheme for decarbonization and sustainable energy solutions.

Enginuity’s Combined Heat and Power (CHP) System Part 1: Fundamental Design & Performance Evaluation of Residential Engine System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehar Bade ◽  
Vince Meyers ◽  
Eric Suits ◽  
Anthony F. Mannarino ◽  
Jayaram Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Chp System ◽  
Cooling And Lubrication ◽  
Fundamental Design

Abstract The development of highly compact and energy-efficient systems is critical for world energy security and technology leadership. Due to the abundance of natural gas, the natural gas fueled distributed energy systems that lower the energy consumption and utility costs would be ideal in the U.S. as well as worldwide markets. To meet these objectives, researchers from Enginuity Power Systems (EPS) are currently working on the development of an ultra-efficient Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system for residential and commercial applications. These CHP systems generate electricity at the point of use while also meeting the space and water heating demands. Furthermore, a single CHP system replaces the conventional electricity generator, space, and water heating systems in residential and commercial applications. The main technical objective of this research article is the demonstration of the fundamental design and performance characteristics of an EPS’s 6 kW–10 kW CHP system intended for residential applications. The proposed residential system utilized a mirror-balanced, patented, inwardly opposed piston, four-stroke internal combustion engine as a prime mover. This novel four-stroke opposed piston design resolved the scavenging, cooling, and lubrication issues faced by the conventional opposed designs in the market while also maintaining the power density, balancing, and performance benefits. Initially, a series of experiments were conducted on the proposed system for different speeds and throttle openings. Later, the combustion, performance, and quantified energy loss pathways were presented at Wide Open Throttle (WOT) conditions to demonstrate the performance benefits of the proposed system. Finally, a performance-oriented framework was developed for the proposed CHP system for future efforts.

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