Micro Power Multiplexer, a Compact Device That Controls Mechanical Power Flow

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Zhang ◽  
Dennis W. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Main Shaft ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Shaft Speed ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Micro Power ◽  
Shift Speed

A novel device that we have named Micro Power Multiplexer was developed. The goal of this work was to create a device that can split one power input to several outputs with controllable distribution while providing high modularity, robustness, and compactness. This device is capable to greatly reduce the size, weight, and complexity of a mechanical system requiring complicated distribution of mechanical power. To reduce friction and provide robustness, a device with “mechanical intelligence” named Non-Contact Flexure was designed. Non-Contact Flexure and a clutching mechanism for this device was theoretically modeled and are discussed in this paper. A zero-load prototype was built to test the design. The effect of main shaft and shift speed was studied during dynamic shifting experiments. Shifting with zero main shaft speed was also tested. The device was proven to be stable and robust. This paper further discusses in detail the various test results obtained.

scholarly journals Interaction Boundary Determination of Renewable Energy Sources to Estimate System Strength Using the Power Flow Tracing Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Namki Choi ◽  
Byongjun Lee ◽  
Dohyuk Kim ◽  
Suchul Nam
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Boundary Determination ◽  
Actual Interaction ◽  
Power Flow Tracing ◽  
Estimate System

System strength is an important concept in the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs). However, evaluating system strength is becoming more ambiguous due to the interaction of RESs. This paper proposes a novel scheme to define the actual interaction boundaries of RESs using the power flow tracing strategy. Based on the proposed method, the interaction boundaries of RESs were identified at the southwest side of Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) systems. The test results show that the proposed approach always provides the identical interaction boundaries of RESs in KEPCO systems, compared to the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) method. The consistent boundaries could be a guideline for power-system planners to assess more accurate system strength, considering the actual interactions of the RESs.

scholarly journals Bi-Directional Power Flow in Switchgear with Static Transfer Switch Applied at Various Renewable Energies

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3187
Author(s):  
Keon-Woo Park ◽  
Chul-Hwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Communication System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Test Sequence ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Distributed Generations ◽  
Prototype Development ◽  
Intelligent Electronic Device ◽  
Bidirectional Power Flow ◽  
Actual Test

In this study, we describe the development of a plug-in type of switchgear that can control bidirectional power flow. This switchgear system can connect distributed generations such as photovoltaic and wind turbine generation, and AC and DC loads. The proposed switchgear system consists of an inverter for connecting distributed generations and DC load, a static transfer switch (STS) that can control and interrupt the bidirectional power flow, and an intelligent electronic device (IED) that can control each facility using a communication system. Since the topology inside the switchgear is composed of DC bus, it can be operated as a plug-in type of system that can be used by simply connecting the converters of various distributed generations to the inverter in the developed switchgear system. In this study, we describe the overall structure of the proposed switchgear system and the operation of the components. In addition, prototypes of each facility are developed and the results of building a small testbed are presented. Finally, we verify the operation of the inverter by performing an experiment on the testbed and show that throughout a test sequence the proposed switchgear system works normally. The contributions of this study are the development of a plug-in type of switchgear for AC/DC and the actual test results presented through prototype development and testbed configuration.

Endurance and Failure Characteristic of Main-Shaft Jet Engine Bearing at 3 × 106 DN

1976 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Bamberger ◽  
E. V. Zaretsky ◽  
H. Signer
Keyword(s):  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Main Shaft ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Material Life ◽  
Thrust Load ◽  
Inner Race ◽  
Continuous Running ◽  
Life Factor ◽  
Engine Bearing

Groups of thirty 120-mm bore angular-contact ball bearings were endurance tested at a speed of 12 000 and 25 000 rpm (1.44 × 106 and 3.0 × 106 DN) and a thrust load of 66 721 N (5000 lb). The bearings were manufactured from a single heat of VIM-VAR AISI M-50 steel. At 1.44 × 106 and 3.0 × 106 DN, 84 483 and 74 800 bearing test hours were accumulated, respectively. Test results were compared with similar bearings made from CVM AISI M-50 steel run under the same conditions. Bearing lives at speeds of 3 × 106 DN with the VIM-VAR AISI M-50 steel were nearly equivalent to those obtained at lower speeds. A combined processing and material life factor of 44 was found for VIM-VAR AISI M-50 steel. Continuous running after a spall has occurred at 3.0 × 106 DN can result in a destructive fracture of the bearing inner race.

Characterization of a Piezoelectric Membrane for MEMS Power

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bruce ◽  
R. Richards ◽  
D. Bahr ◽  
C. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Power System ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Carnot Cycle ◽  
Modular Architecture ◽  
Micro Power

Abstract Work toward the development of a thin-film piezoelectric membrane generator is presented. The membrane generator is the central component of a new MEMS power generation system, the P3 micro power system. The P3 micro power system is based on a two-dimensional, modular architecture, in which the individual generic modules or unit cells each have all the functions of an engine integrated. Each unit cell is an external combustion engine, in which thermal power is converted to mechanical power through the use of a novel thermodynamic cycle that approaches the ideal vapor Carnot cycle. Mechanical power is converted into electrical power through the use of a thin-film piezoelectric membrane generator. This paper introduces the concept of the thin-film piezoelectric membrane generator, and describes its design and fabrication. Results of a study to characterize the performance of the piezoelectric membrane generator under expected operating conditions are presented. Current prototypes of the membrane generator are shown to be capable of producing a peak power of 0.1 milliWatts at a voltage of 0.5 Volts.

scholarly journals Control of Fan Blade Vibrations Using Piezoelectrics and Bi-Directional Telemetry

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Provenza ◽  
Carlos R. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Ac Power ◽  
Dynamic Spin ◽  
Wireless Device ◽  
Fan Blade

A novel wireless device which transfers supply power through induction to rotating operational amplifiers and transmits low voltage AC signals to and from a rotating body by way of radio telemetry has been successfully demonstrated in the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) Dynamic Spin Test Facility. In the demonstration described herein, a rotating operational amplifier provides controllable AC power to a piezoelectric patch epoxied to the surface of a rotating Ti plate. The amplitude and phase of the sinusoidal voltage command signal, transmitted wirelessly to the amplifier, was tuned to completely suppress the 3rd bending resonant vibration of the plate. The plate’s 3rd bending resonance was excited using rotating magnetic bearing excitation while it spun at slow speed in a vacuum chamber. A second patch on the opposite side of the plate was used as a sensor. This paper discusses the characteristics of this novel device, the details of a spin test, results from a preliminary demonstration, and future plans.

scholarly journals Flagellar energetics from high-resolution imaging of beating patterns in tethered mouse sperm

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin Nandagiri ◽  
Avinash Satish Gaikwad ◽  
David L Potter ◽  
Reza Nosrati ◽  
Julio Soria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Ion Channel Regulation ◽  
Mouse Sperm ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Internal Dissipation ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Proper Orthogonal

We demonstrate a technique for investigating the energetics of flagella or cilia. We record the planar beating of tethered mouse sperm at high-resolution. Beating waveforms are reconstructed using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition of the centerline tangent-angle profiles. Energy conservation is employed to obtain the mechanical power exerted by the dynein motors from the observed kinematics. A large proportion of the mechanical power exerted by the dynein motors is dissipated internally by the motors themselves. There could also be significant dissipation within the passive structures of the flagellum. The total internal dissipation is considerably greater than the hydrodynamic dissipation in the aqueous medium outside. The net power input from the dynein motors in sperm from Crisp2-knockout mice is significantly smaller than in wildtype samples, indicating that ion-channel regulation by cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs) controls energy flows powering the axoneme.

Optimal Power Flow Based Economic Generation Scheduling in Day-ahead Power Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Kshitij Choudhary ◽  
Rahul Kumar ◽  
Dheeresh Upadhyay ◽  
Brijesh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Congestion Management ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Loss Minimization ◽  
Optimal Power ◽  
Generation Scheduling ◽  
Generation Cost

The present work deals with the economic rescheduling of the generation in an hour-ahead electricity market. The schedules of various generators in a power system have been optimizing according to active power demand bids by various load buses. In this work, various aspects of power system such as congestion management, voltage stabilization and loss minimization have also taken into consideration for the achievement of the goal. The interior point (IP) based optimal power flow (OPF) methodology has been used to obtain the optimal generation schedule for economic system operation. The IP based OPF methodology has been tested on a modified IEEE-30 bus system. The obtained test results shows that not only the generation cost is reduced also the performance of power system has been improved using proposed methodology.

scholarly journals Consequences of load carrying by birds during short flights are found to be behavioral and not energetic

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (1) ◽  
pp. R249-R256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Nudds ◽  
David M. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Mass Loading ◽  
Metabolic Power ◽  
Additional Mass ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Mechanical Power Output ◽  
Load Carrying

The doubly-labeled water technique and video were used to measure the effect of mass loading on energy expenditure and takeoff performance in zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata, that were making routine (nonalarm) short flights. Finches that carried 27% additional mass did not expend more energy during flight than unloaded controls. Carrying additional mass, however, led to a reduced body mass and a decreased velocity during takeoffs (by 12%). Calculations of instantaneous mechanical power indicated that energy expended by unloaded and loaded finches at takeoff was similar, due to the observed decrease in velocity by mass-loaded finches and a lowering of their body mass. During routine short flights, zebra finches appear to maintain their metabolic power input and mechanical power output regardless of mass loading. Here, the costs of carrying additional mass during routine short flights were revealed to be behavioral and not energetic.

scholarly journals A novel opto-mechanical system constituted by LEDs to employment in photobiostimulation: Clinical application in optical therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso J. Barbosa ◽  
Crisaldo Teles ◽  
Leonardo M. Moreira ◽  
Álvaro J. Damião ◽  
Carlos J. de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Mechanical System ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Laser Systems

Optical techniques of photobiostimulation, which use transducer as lasers and LEDs, have been employed in the treatment of several diseases. The laser systems usually irradiate in a reduced area of the target biological tissue, presenting high cost of acquisition. Devices with a LED of “Surface Mount Device” (SMD) type have high angle of light emission, implying in intense decrease of the density of optical potency. Furthermore, the use of this device requires the utilization of a cooling system, which provokes an increase in the cost of this product. In the present work, it is suggested the application of a novel opto-mechanical device constituted by usual LEDs with package dimension of 5 mm of diameter, which presents significant efficient and very low cost. The arrangement of the geometric configuration of these LEDs is elaborated in such way that all units emit photons in a unique section of an specific area. An opto-mechanical system was developed, which includes seven LEDs, being that six of these LEDs are disposed in a specific angle around a unique central LED. It is important to notice that all the opto-mechanical system with seven LEDs emit light in a unique area. Besides, a methodology was employed to allow the verification of the distribution of light intensity upon this respective area. This arrangement allows that this novel device propitiate measurements of the degree of homogeneity of the light intensity in specific areas, which are accessed by the seven light emitting units. The potency employing LEDs in the red (visible) and near infrared regions were also measured, being that the result demonstrated the capability of clinical application in optical therapy of photobiostimulation, which was also used in a pilot test of clinical application.

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