scholarly journals A novel opto-mechanical system constituted by LEDs to employment in photobiostimulation: Clinical application in optical therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso J. Barbosa ◽  
Crisaldo Teles ◽  
Leonardo M. Moreira ◽  
Álvaro J. Damião ◽  
Carlos J. de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Mechanical System ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Laser Systems

Optical techniques of photobiostimulation, which use transducer as lasers and LEDs, have been employed in the treatment of several diseases. The laser systems usually irradiate in a reduced area of the target biological tissue, presenting high cost of acquisition. Devices with a LED of “Surface Mount Device” (SMD) type have high angle of light emission, implying in intense decrease of the density of optical potency. Furthermore, the use of this device requires the utilization of a cooling system, which provokes an increase in the cost of this product. In the present work, it is suggested the application of a novel opto-mechanical device constituted by usual LEDs with package dimension of 5 mm of diameter, which presents significant efficient and very low cost. The arrangement of the geometric configuration of these LEDs is elaborated in such way that all units emit photons in a unique section of an specific area. An opto-mechanical system was developed, which includes seven LEDs, being that six of these LEDs are disposed in a specific angle around a unique central LED. It is important to notice that all the opto-mechanical system with seven LEDs emit light in a unique area. Besides, a methodology was employed to allow the verification of the distribution of light intensity upon this respective area. This arrangement allows that this novel device propitiate measurements of the degree of homogeneity of the light intensity in specific areas, which are accessed by the seven light emitting units. The potency employing LEDs in the red (visible) and near infrared regions were also measured, being that the result demonstrated the capability of clinical application in optical therapy of photobiostimulation, which was also used in a pilot test of clinical application.

scholarly journals Photoelectronic Properties of End-bonded InAsSb Nanowire Array Detector under Weak Light

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Yao ◽  
Xutao Zhang ◽  
Tingting Kang ◽  
Zhiyong Song ◽  
Qiang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nanowire Array ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Weak Light ◽  
Gap States

Abstract A simple and low-cost fabrication of end-bonded contacts InAsSb NW (nanowire) array detector to weak light is demonstrated in this study. The detector is fabricated using InAsSb NW array grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrate. The MIGS (metal-induced gap states) is induced by the end-bonded contact which suppresses the dark current at various temperatures. The existence of the interface dipole due to the interfacial gap states enhances the light excitation around the local field, thus upgrade the photo responsivity and photo detectivity to the weak light. The light intensity of the infrared light source in this report is 14 nW/cm2 which is about 3 to 4 orders of magnitude less than the laser source. The responsivity of the detector has reached 28.57 A/W at room temperature with the light (945 nm) radiation, while the detectivity is 4.81×1011 cm·Hz1/2 W−1. Anomalous temperature-dependent performance emerges at the variable temperature experiments, and we discussed the detailed mechanism behind the non-linear relationship between the photoresponse of the device and temperatures. Besides, the optoelectronic characteristics of the detector clarified that the light trapping effect and photogating effect of the NWs can enhance the photoresponse to the weak light across ultraviolet to near-infrared. These results highlight the feasibility of the InAsSb NW array detector to the infrared weak light without a cooling system.

Visible Light Assisted Hantzsch Reaction: Synthesis of Polycyclic Dihydropyridines

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 676-682
Author(s):  
Ankusab Noorahmadsab Nadaf ◽  
Kalegowda Shivashankar
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Short Reaction Time ◽  
Green Protocol ◽  
Dihydropyridine Derivatives

The polycyclic dihydropyridine nucleus represents the heterocyclic system of invaluable core motifs with wide applications in chemical, biological and physical properties. Although this kind of compounds have been extensively synthesized by other groups, the synthesis of these compounds under CFL light intensity were not explored. The synthesis of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives were achieved through the reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin, aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate under CFL light irradiation conditions. A series of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives were prepared under CFL light irradiation conditions with high yield, short reaction time, ambient condition and without the use of catalyst. The results displayed an efficient method for the synthesis of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives. Clean profile, short reaction time, low cost and use of CFL light intensity instead of catalyst making it a genuinely green protocol.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Using VIS/NIR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis for Pesticide Residue Detection in Tomatoes

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Araz Soltani Nazarloo ◽  
Vali Rasooli Sharabiani ◽  
Yousef Abbaspour Gilandeh ◽  
Ebrahim Taghinezhad ◽  
Mariusz Szymanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Residue Detection ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Reflective Spectroscopy

The purpose of this work was to investigate the detection of the pesticide residual (profenofos) in tomatoes by using visible/near-infrared spectroscopy. Therefore, the experiments were performed on 180 tomato samples with different percentages of profenofos pesticide (higher and lower values than the maximum residual limit (MRL)) as compared to the control (no pesticide). VIS/near infrared (NIR) spectral data from pesticide solution and non-pesticide tomato samples (used as control treatment) impregnated with different concentrations of pesticide in the range of 400 to 1050 nm were recorded by a spectrometer. For classification of tomatoes with pesticide content at lower and higher levels of MRL as healthy and unhealthy samples, we used different spectral pre-processing methods with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models. The Smoothing Moving Average pre-processing method with the standard error of cross validation (SECV) = 4.2767 was selected as the best model for this study. In addition, in the calibration and prediction sets, the percentages of total correctly classified samples were 90 and 91.66%, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that reflective spectroscopy (VIS/NIR) can be used as a non-destructive, low-cost, and rapid technique to control the health of tomatoes impregnated with profenofos pesticide.

scholarly journals Compact Miniaturized Bioluminescence Sensor Based on Continuous Air-Segmented Flow for Real-Time Monitoring: Application to Bile Salt Hydrolase (BSH) Activity and ATP Detection in Biological Fluids

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Aldo Roda ◽  
Pierpaolo Greco ◽  
Patrizia Simoni ◽  
Valentina Marassi ◽  
Giada Moroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Segmented Flow ◽  
Active Substrate ◽  
Flat Spiral ◽  
Bsh Activity

A simple and versatile continuous air-segmented flow sensor using immobilized luciferase was designed as a general miniaturized platform based on sensitive biochemiluminescence detection. The device uses miniaturized microperistaltic pumps to deliver flows and compact sensitive light imaging detectors based on BI-CMOS (smartphone camera) or CCD technology. The low-cost components and power supply make it suitable as out-lab device at point of need to monitor kinetic-related processes or ex vivo dynamic events. A nylon6 flat spiral carrying immobilized luciferase was placed in front of the detector in lensless mode using a fiber optic tapered faceplate. ATP was measured in samples collected by microdialysis from rat brain with detecting levels as low as 0.4 fmoles. The same immobilized luciferase was also used for the evaluation of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity in intestinal microbiota. An aminoluciferin was conjugatated with chenodeoxycholic acid forming the amide derivative aLuc-CDCA. The hydrolysis of the aLuc-CDCA probe by BSH releases free uncaged aminoluciferin which is the active substrate for luciferase leading to light emission. This method can detect as low as 0.5 mM of aLuc-CDCA, so it can be used on real faecal human samples to study BSH activity and its modulation by diseases and drugs.

scholarly journals Photoelectronic Properties of End-bonded InAsSb Nanowire Array Detector under Weak Light

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Yao ◽  
Xutao Zhang ◽  
Tingting Kang ◽  
Zhiyong Song ◽  
Qiang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Light Trapping ◽  
Nanowire Array ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Weak Light ◽  
Gap States

AbstractA simple fabrication of end-bonded contacts InAsSb NW (nanowire) array detector to weak light is demonstrated in this study. The detector is fabricated using InAsSb NW array grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrate. The metal-induced gap states are induced by the end-bonded contact which suppresses the dark current at various temperatures. The existence of the interface dipole due to the interfacial gap states enhances the light excitation around the local field and thus upgrades the photoresponsivity and photodetectivity to the weak light. The light intensity of the infrared light source in this report is 14 nW/cm2 which is about 3 to 4 orders of magnitude less than the laser source. The responsivity of the detector has reached 28.57 A/W at room temperature with the light (945 nm) radiation, while the detectivity is 4.81 × 1011 cm·Hz1/2 W−1. Anomalous temperature-dependent performance emerges at the variable temperature experiments, and we discussed the detailed mechanism behind the nonlinear relationship between the photoresponse of the device and temperatures. Besides, the optoelectronic characteristics of the detector clarified that the light-trapping effect and photogating effect of the NWs can enhance the photoresponse to the weak light across ultraviolet to near-infrared. These results highlight the feasibility of the InAsSb NW array detector to the infrared weak light without a cooling system.

scholarly journals Co-Design of CVT-Based Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1825
Author(s):  
Caiyang Wei ◽  
Theo Hofman ◽  
Esin Ilhan Caarls
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Cost Of Ownership ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Design Freedom

For an electric vehicle (EV) with a continuously variable transmission (CVT), a novel convex programming (CP)-based co-design method is proposed to minimize the total-cost-of-ownership (TCO). The integration of the electric machine (EM) and the CVT is the primary focus. The optimized system with co-design reduces the TCO by around 5.9% compared to a non-optimized CVT-based EV (based on off-the-shelf components) and by around 2% compared to the EV equipped with a single-speed transmission (SST). By taking advantage of the control and design freedom provided by the CVT, the optimal CVT, EM and battery sizes are found to reduce the system cost. It simultaneously finds the optimal CVT speed ratio and air-flow rate of the cooling system reducing the energy consumption. The strength of co-design is highlighted by comparing to a sequential design, and insights into the design of a low-power EV that is energy-efficient and cost-effective for urban driving are provided. A highly integrated EM-CVT system, which is efficient, low-cost and lightweight, can be expected for future EV applications.

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