Development of a Search Tool to Identify Structural Design Principles for Bioinspired Materials Design

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Tsenn ◽  
Julie S. Linsey ◽  
Daniel A. McAdams
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Bioinspired Materials ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
Engineered Materials ◽  
Key Terms

Natural materials are often more efficient and tend to have a wider range and combination of properties than do present-day engineered materials. Biological materials are composed from a limited set of components, but are able to achieve great diversity in their properties. The variation in properties is largely due to the different arrangements of the materials components, which form unique structures. We believe that there are underlying structural design principles, relating material structure to material properties, that commonly appear in biological materials. Because nature itself achieves highly effective design solutions, the utilization of these natural design principles could similarly improve the effectiveness of engineered materials. Materials scientists need a way to abstract relevant structural design principles from the myriad of biological materials articles for the development of bioinspired materials. This research involves the development of a data mining tool that will quickly identify potential structural design principles of biological materials with respect to a chosen material property or combination of properties. This paper presents the first stage of this process: information retrieval. An algorithm is developed to extract structural design principles’ key terms and relevant passages for specified material properties from a corpus of materials journal articles. The development of this search tool is explained beginning with the determination of search term categories and appropriate search terms and continuing to the refinement of the program algorithm. An evaluation of the tool is also described comparing the program’s results to those of a manual search for the structure-property relationships. The program identified 98% of the manually found structural design principle key terms, although many unanticipated passages were returned as well. Finally, the future work needed to improve the program is presented.

Bioinspired Materials Design: An Assessment of Methods to Improve a Text Mining Algorithm for Identifying Biological Material Structural Design Principles

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Tsenn ◽  
Julie S. Linsey ◽  
Daniel A. McAdams
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Mining Algorithm ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bioinspired Materials ◽  
Future Work

Natural materials are able to achieve a wide range and combination of properties through the arrangement of the material’s components. These biological materials are often more effective and better suited to their function than engineered materials, even with the use of a limited set of components. By mimicking a biological material’s component arrangement, or structure, man-made bioinspired materials can achieve improved properties as well. While considerable research has been conducted on biological materials, identifying the beneficial structural design principles can be time-intensive for a materials designer. Previously, a text mining algorithm and tool were developed to quickly extract passages describing property-specific structural design principles from a corpus of materials journals. Although the tool identified over 90% of the principles (recall), many irrelevant passages were returned as well with approximately 32% of the passages being useful (precision). This paper discusses approaches to refine the program in order to improve precision. The text classification techniques of machine learning classifiers, statistical features, and part-of-speech analyses, are evaluated for effectiveness in sorting passages into relevant and irrelevant classes. Manual identification of patterns in the returned passages is also employed to create a rule-based method, resulting in an updated algorithm. An evaluation comparing the revised algorithm to the previously developed algorithm is completed using a new set of journal articles. Although the revised algorithm’s recall was reduced to 80%, the precision increased to 45% and the number of returned passages was reduced by 22%, allowing a materials designer to more quickly identify potentially useful structures. The paper concludes with suggestions to improve the program’s usefulness and scope for future work.

scholarly journals Health Informatics in Developing Countries: Systematic Review of Reviews Contribution of the IMIA Working Group Health Informatics for Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
C. Otero ◽  
A. Marcelo ◽  
D. Luna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Review Of Reviews

Summary Objectives: An evidence-base is important for medicine and health informatics. Despite numerous publications showing the benefits of health informatics, the emergence of health information systems in developing countries has been slower than expected. The aim of this paper is to identify systematic reviews on the domain of health informatics in developing countries, and classify the different types of applications covered. Methods: A systematic review of reviews was conducted. The literature search spanned the time period between 2000 and 2012 and included PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, LILACS, and Google Scholar. The search term was ‘systematic reviews of health informatics in developing countries’, and transparent and systematic procedures were applied to limit bias at all stages. Results: Of the 982 identified articles, only 10 met the inclusion criteria and one more article was added in a second manual search, resulting in a total of 11 systematic reviews for the analysis. Conclusions: Although it was difficult to find high quality resources on the selected domain, the best evidence available allowed us to generate this report and create an incipient review of the state of the art in health informatics in the developing countries. More studies will be needed to optimize the results.

Structural design principles for low hole effective mass s-orbital-based p-type oxides

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (23) ◽  
pp. 5772-5779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viet-Anh Ha ◽  
Francesco Ricci ◽  
Gian-Marco Rignanese ◽  
Geoffroy Hautier
Keyword(s):  
Effective Mass ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Carrier Mobility ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Hole Effective Mass ◽  
P Type

We demonstrate through first principles computations how the metal–oxygen–metal angle directly drives the hole effective mass (thus the carrier mobility) in p-type s-orbital-based oxides.

scholarly journals Polya Counting Theory Applied to Combination of Edge Conditions for Generally Shaped Isotropic Plates

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Narita
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Isotropic Plates ◽  
Edge Conditions ◽  
Structural Responses ◽  
Structural Behaviors ◽  
Clamped Edges

Structural behaviors of plate components, such as internal stress, deflection, buckling and dynamic response, are important in the structural design of aerospace, mechanical, civil and other industries. These behaviors are known to be affected not only by plate shapes and material properties but also by edge conditions. Any one of the three classical edge conditions in bending, namely free, simply supported and clamped edges, may be used to model the constraint along an edge of plates. Along the entre boundary with plural edges, there exist a wide variety of combinations in the entire plate boundary, each giving different values of structural responses. For counting the total number of possible combinations, the present paper considers Polya counting theory in combinatorial mathematics. For various plate shapes, formulas are derived for counting exact numbers in combination. In some examples, such combinations are confirmed in the figures by a trial and error approach.

scholarly journals Structural Design Elements in Biological Materials: Application to Bioinspiration

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (37) ◽  
pp. 5455-5476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Naleway ◽  
Michael M. Porter ◽  
Joanna McKittrick ◽  
Marc A. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Design Elements

scholarly journals Structural Design for a 10-GWh SMES Vacuum Vessel

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
J. G. Bennett ◽  
C. A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Approximate Solution ◽  
Elastic Deformation ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Vacuum Vessel ◽  
Nonlinear Elastic

An approximate solution to the problem of the nonlinear elastic deformation of a periodically point-supported cylindrical shell is obtained. This solution is used to investigate the structural design of the vacuum vesssel for the large underground SMES concept. Vacuum vessel designs are evaluated by varying such parameters as shell thickness, support, spacing, material properties and physical configuration to keep the amount of material used and construction cost to a minimum.

scholarly journals Basic Concepts of Structural Design for Architecture Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Khodadadi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Math Problem Solving ◽  
Vector Addition ◽  
Rules Of Thumb ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Basic Concepts

This book aims to narrate fundamental concepts of structural design to architecture students such that they have minimum involvement with math problem-solving. Within this book, students learn about different types of loads, forces and vector addition, the concept of equilibrium, internal forces, geometrical and material properties of structural elements, and rules of thumb for estimating the proportion of some structural systems such as catenary cables and arches, trusses, and frame structures.

scholarly journals Vitamin K prophylaxis in newborns

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Jullien
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Vitamin K Prophylaxis ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Oral Regimen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Key Terms

AbstractWe looked at existing recommendations and supporting evidence on the effectiveness of vitamin K given after birth in preventing the haemorrhagic disease of the newborn (HDN).We conducted a literature search up to the 10th of December 2019 by using key terms and manual search in selected sources. We summarized the recommendations and the strength of the recommendation when and as reported by the authors. We summarized the main findings of systematic reviews with the certainty of the evidence as reported.All newborns should receive vitamin K prophylaxis, as it has been proven that oral and intramuscular prophylactic vitamin K given after birth are effective for preventing classical HDN. There are no randomized trials looking at the efficacy of vitamin K supplement on late HDN. There are no randomized trials comparing the oral and intramuscular route of administration of prophylactic vitamin K in newborns. From older trials and surveillance data, it seems that there is no significant difference between the intramuscular and the oral regimens for preventing classical and late HDN, provided that the oral regimen is duly completed. Evidence assessing vitamin K prophylaxis in preterm infants is scarce.

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