Aiding Design Decision Making: Adapting Mathematical Paradigms to Fit Designers’ Actual Needs

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Hayes ◽  
F. Akhavi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Quality Cost ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Product Decision ◽  
Further Development

When designing products, designers compare complex alternatives and select one or more for further development. The quality of these selection decisions directly impacts the quality, cost and safety of the final product. Decision theoretic approaches for making systematic comparisons might help in this process, yet designers do not tend to use them. The goals of this work are to begin understanding why, and to identify future questions that may lead to solutions. This paper summarizes the results of two studies, 1) an ethnographic study of working designers in which their actual practices and needs were observed during decision making, and 2) a laboratory study in which designers were asked to use mathematical models to compare and select design alternatives. Based on these studies, we conclude that the mathematical models, as formulated, are not well suited to designers’ needs. We propose a research agenda that may lead to new approaches combining decision theoretic and user-centered methods to create tools that the average designer will be willing to use.

scholarly journals Integrating Value Considerations in the Decision Making for the Design of Biorefineries

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 2927-2955
Author(s):  
Mar Palmeros Parada ◽  
Lotte Asveld ◽  
Patricia Osseweijer ◽  
John Alexander Posada
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Value Sensitive Design ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Biobased Production

AbstractBiobased production has been promoted as a sustainable alternative to fossil resources. However, controversies over its impact on sustainability highlight societal concerns, value tensions and uncertainties that have not been taken into account during its development. In this work, the consideration of stakeholders’ values in a biorefinery design project is investigated. Value sensitive design (VSD) is a promising approach to the design of technologies with consideration of stakeholders’ values, however, it is not directly applicable for complex systems like biorefineries. Therefore, some elements of VSD, such as the identification of relevant values and their connection to a technology’s features, are brought into biorefinery design practice. Midstream modulation (MM), an approach to promoting the consideration of societal aspects during research and development activities, is applied to promote reflection and value considerations during the design decision making. As result, it is shown that MM interventions during the design process led to new design alternatives in support of stakeholders' values, and allowed to recognize and respond to emerging value tensions within the scope of the project. In this way, the present work shows a novel approach for the technical investigation of VSD, especially for biorefineries. Also, based on this work it is argued that not only reflection, but also flexibility and openness are important for the application of VSD in the context of biorefinery design.

Manufacturing Investment and Allocation in Product Line Design Decision-Making

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy J. Michalek ◽  
Oben Ceryan ◽  
Panos Y. Papalambros ◽  
Yoram Koren
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Product Line Design ◽  
Product Decision ◽  
Market Consequences ◽  
Line Design ◽  
Is Design

An important aspect of product development is design for manufacturability (DFM) analysis that aims to incorporate manufacturing requirements into early product decision-making. Existing methods in DFM seldom quantify explicitly the tradeoffs between revenues and costs generated by making design choices that may be desirable in the market but costly to manufacture. This paper builds upon previous work coordinating models for engineering design and marketing product line decision-making by incorporating quantitative models of manufacturing investment and production allocation. The result is a methodology that considers engineering design decisions quantitatively in the context of manufacturing and market consequences in order to resolve tradeoffs, not only among performance objectives, but also between market preferences and manufacturing cost.

Understanding Design Decisions Under Competition Using Games With Information Acquisition and a Behavioral Experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitesh H. Panchal ◽  
Zhenghui Sha ◽  
Karthik N. Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Behavioral Experiment ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Game Theoretic

The primary motivation in this paper is to understand decision-making in design under competition from both prescriptive and descriptive perspectives. Engineering design is often carried out under competition from other designers or firms, where each competitor invests effort with the hope of getting a contract, attracting customers, or winning a prize. One such scenario of design under competition is crowdsourcing where designers compete for monetary prizes. Within existing literature, such competitive scenarios have been studied using models from contest theory, which are based on assumptions of rationality and equilibrium. Although these models are general enough for different types of contests, they do not address the unique characteristics of design decision-making, e.g., strategies related to the design process, the sequential nature of design decisions, the evolution of strategies, and heterogeneity among designers. In this paper, we address these gaps by developing an analytical model for design under competition, and using it in conjunction with a behavioral experiment to gain insights about how individuals actually make decisions in such scenarios. The contributions of the paper are two-fold. First, a game-theoretic model is presented for sequential design decisions considering the decisions made by other players. Second, an approach for synergistic integration of analytical models with data from behavioral experiments is presented. The proposed approach provides insights such as shift in participants' strategies from exploration to exploitation as they acquire more information, and how they develop beliefs about the quality of their opponents' solutions.

scholarly journals Implementasi Teknik Pengambilan Keputusan untuk Mengembangkan Mutu Pendidikan di Sekolah

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himayatul Rahmi Sikumbang ◽  
Hade Afriansyah ◽  
Rusdinal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Identification Problem ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Control Phase ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Principal Decision Making ◽  
Selection Of

is the action of releasing practical, tacticaland operational actions as planning actions to beachieved, implementation strategies and problemsolving strategis, through decisions based on theresult of the selection of several alternativesolutions deciding to achieve the objectives of theschool. The strengths and weaknesses of thedecision maker are determined in the style used bythe principal. Decision making activities includeproblem identification, problem formulation, andalternative selection decisions based oncalculations and various impacts that may arise. Atthe stage of implementation of decision making,leaders in school as leaders must make manyroutine decisions to control activities in accordancewith the plans so that they can develop the qualityof education or the quality of the shcool. While inthe control phase which includes monitoring,inspection, and evaluation of the result of theimplementation carried out to evaluate theimplementation of the decision.

scholarly journals Management of the Development and Implementation of New Generation Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Komkov ◽  
V. V. Sutyagin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Full Life Cycle ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Further Development

Purpose: to justification of the need to develop new-generation domestic technologies that ensure the competitiveness and stability of the Russian economy to external challenges. Using the laws of accelerated development of various systems, objects and processes of the material world will allow us to construct a mechanism for analysis, decision-making and management of the justification, development and implementation of new generation technologies.Methods: the research method is based on the generalization of forecasting the accelerated development of various processes under the conditions of growth restrictions, methods for constructing targeted information-logic models, decision-making methods for justifying the costs of upgrading one-generation technology options and analyzing domestic and foreign technology development experience new generation.Results: within the space of creation and development of new generation technologies, in accordance with the well-known concept of the full life cycle, the process of development and implementation of new generation technologies in the form of a logistic curve has been specified. The solution to the problem of managing the creation of new generation technologies is presented as the fastest possible implementation of projects to search for innovative solutions that meet the requirements of competitiveness. Mathematical models of the formulated problem are considered. Examples of practical tasks for managing the development and development of new generation technologies are given.Conclusions and Relevance: the dynamics of development and the economic conditions for the transition to technology modernization are determined by the need for further development of new generation technologies in the interests of full use of the innovative potential of this generation. Information-logical and mathematical models have been developed for making decisions on managing the justification of the necessary resources for the implementation of projects in the full cycle during the transition from innovative solutions to new technologies and innovative products.

scholarly journals teknik pengambilan keputusan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayu Eka Putra ◽  
Hade Afriansyah ◽  
Rusdinal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Identification Problem ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Principal Decision Making ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
Selection Of

The main meaning of decision making in a school is the action of releasing practical, tactical and operational actions as planning actions to be achieved, implementation strategies and problem solving strategis, through decisions based on the result of the selection of several alternative solutions deciding to achieve the objectives of the school. The strengths and weaknesses of the decision maker are determined in the style used by the principal. Decision making activities include problem identification, problem formulation, and alternative selection decisions based on calculations and various impacts that may arise. At the stage of implementation of decision making, leaders in school as leaders must make many routine decisions to control activities in accordance with the plans so that they can develop the quality of education or the quality of the shcool. While in the control phase which includes monitoring, inspection, and evaluation of the result of the implementation carried out to evaluate the implementation of the decision.

scholarly journals Implementasi Teknik Pengambilan Keputusan untuk Mengembangkan Mutu Pendidikan di Sekolah

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himayatul Rahmi Sikumbang ◽  
Hade Afriansyah ◽  
Rusdinal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Identification Problem ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Principal Decision Making ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
Selection Of

Abstrak—The main meaning of decision making in a school is the action of releasing practical, tactical and operational actions as planning actions to be achieved, implementation strategies and problem solving strategis, through decisions based on the result of the selection of several alternative solutions deciding to achieve the objectives of the school. The strengths and weaknesses of the decision maker are determined in the style used by the principal. Decision making activities include problem identification, problem formulation, and alternative selection decisions based on calculations and various impacts that may arise. At the stage of implementation of decision making, leaders in school as leaders must make many routine decisions to control activities in accordance with the plans so that they can develop the quality of education or the quality of the shcool. While in the control phase which includes monitoring, inspection, and evaluation of the result of the implementation carried out to evaluate the implementation of the decision.

scholarly journals An Ontology for Reusable and Executable Decision Templates

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenjun Ming ◽  
Guoxin Wang ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Joseph Dal Santo ◽  
Janet K. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Resource Selection ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Attribute Selection ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Rigorous Mathematical Model

Engineering design is increasingly recognized as a decision making process. Providing decision support is crucial to augment designers' decision-making capability in this process. In this paper, we present a template-based ontological method that integrates the decision-making mechanism with problem-specific information; thus, it can provide design decision support from both the “construct” and the “information” perspectives. The “construct,” namely, decision-making mechanism, is the utility-based Decision Support Problem (u-sDSP), which is a rigorous mathematical model that facilitates designers making multi-attribute selection decisions under uncertainty, while the information for decision making is archived as u-sDSP templates and represented using frame-based ontology to facilitate reuse, execution, and consistency-maintaining. This paper is an extension of our earlier work on the ontological modeling of the compromise decisions. The unique advantage of this ontology is that it captures both the declarative and procedural knowledge of selection decisions and represents them separately, thus facilitating designers reusing, executing previous documented decision knowledge to effect new decisions. The efficacy of ontology is demonstrated using a rapid prototyping (RP) resource selection example.

scholarly journals Robot swarm democracy: the importance of informed individuals against zealots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia De Masi ◽  
Judhi Prasetyo ◽  
Raina Zakir ◽  
Nikita Mankovskii ◽  
Eliseo Ferrante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Majority Rule ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Robot Swarm ◽  
Decision Mechanisms

AbstractIn this paper we study a generalized case of best-of-n model, which considers three kind of agents: zealots, individuals who remain stubborn and do not change their opinion; informed agents, individuals that can change their opinion, are able to assess the quality of the different options; and uninformed agents, individuals that can change their opinion but are not able to assess the quality of the different opinions. We study the consensus in different regimes: we vary the quality of the options, the percentage of zealots and the percentage of informed versus uninformed agents. We also consider two decision mechanisms: the voter and majority rule. We study this problem using numerical simulations and mathematical models, and we validate our findings on physical kilobot experiments. We find that (1) if the number of zealots for the lowest quality option is not too high, the decision-making process is driven toward the highest quality option; (2) this effect can be improved increasing the number of informed agents that can counteract the effect of adverse zealots; (3) when the two options have very similar qualities, in order to keep high consensus to the best quality it is necessary to have higher proportions of informed agents.

Non-Intuitive Dependent Decision Making: Sub-Optimal Design Selection

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Daniel Cooksey ◽  
Dimitri Mavris
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Robust Design ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Optimal Selection ◽  
Traditional Design ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Design Selection

This paper explores a flaw in traditional design decision making (including optimization) when uncertainty is present. It introduces the concept of the Non-Intuitive Dependent Decision Making (NIDDM) problem, where the assumption that each of the design alternatives is independent can be false due to a common underlying uncertainty. In this situation, the implicit assumption that design alternatives are independent can lead to a sub-optimal selection. This paper provides a simplified example of the NIDDM problem, and uses this to define the conditions where the NIDDM problem arises. An aerospace design toolset is then used to explore the NIDDM problem in realistic conditions, and a discussion is presented about when traditional robust design processes are appropriate or an alternative design methodology is needed.

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