scholarly journals Gas Turbine Power Generation Evolutionary Advances for the Future

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Corman
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
The Future ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
Power Generation Systems

Gas turbines have reached a point in their development where they are becoming the preferred choice for utility and industrial power generation applications. In the last decade, this power generation technology has evolved rapidly both in terms of unit rating and in performance. The successful commercialization of the “F” (2350F [1288C] class) machine is the most recent step in this evolution. Although more “F” technology has been a significant accomplishment, it must be viewed as just one step in the evolution of gas turbine power generation systems to advanced conditions. As this development trend continues, these power generation systems will be under increasing pressure to meet tighter emission standards and to accommodate lower-grade fuels. Active development programs are now in place to meet both of these challenges. Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustion systems on advanced gas turbines will permit operation at even higher temperatures while controlling emissions. An integrated gasification gas turbine combined cycle (IGCC) using low-grade fuels — coal, residual oil, and biomass — is now approaching commercial status. The technology base for continuing the development of these gas turbine power generation systems far into the future exists and/or is under development. The DOE sponsored Advanced Turbine System Program is a key element in the development and ultimate commercial demonstration of this Next Generation System.

scholarly journals Development of a Low-NOx LBG Combustor for Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power Generation Systems

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
T. Abe ◽  
T. Ninomiya ◽  
T. Nakata ◽  
T. Yoshine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Combustion Tests ◽  
Power Generation Systems

From the view point of future coal utilization technology for the thermal power generation systems, the coal gasification combined cycle system has drawn special interest recently. In the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system, it is necessary to develop a high temperature gas turbine combustor using a low-BTU gas (LBG) which has high thermal efficiency and low emissions. In Japan a development program of the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system has started in 1985 by the national government and Japanese electric companies. In this program, 1300°C class gas turbines will be developed. If the fuel gas cleaning system is a hot type, the coal gaseous fuel to be supplied to gas turbines will contain ammonia. Ammonia will be converted to nitric oxides in the combustion process in gas turbines. Therefore, low fuel-NOx combustion technology will be one of the most important research subjects. This paper describes low fuel-NOx combustion technology for 1300°C class gas turbine combustors using coal gaseous low-BTU fuel as well as combustion characteristics and carbon monoxide emission characteristics. Combustion tests were conducted using a full-scale combustor used for the 150 MW gas turbine at the atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, high pressure combustion tests were conducted using a half-scale combustor used for the 1 50 MW gas turbine.

Gas Turbine Systems Designed for Coal Water Slurries

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Giramonti ◽  
F. L. Robson
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Coal Powder ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Power Generation Systems

Numerous attempts have been made during the past two decades to develop advanced power generation systems which could burn coal or coal-derived fuels both economically and in an environmentally acceptable manner. Although much valuable technology has been derived from these programs, commercially viable power generation alternatives have not yet appeared. One prospective way to expedite the commercialization of advanced coal-fired power systems is to meld the latest gas turbine technology with the emerging technology for producing slurries of water and ultra clean coal. This paper describes a DOE-sponsored program to identify the most attractive gas turbine power system that can operate on slurry fuels. The approach is to use slurries produced from finely ground (<10 microns) coal powder from which most of the ash and sulfur has been removed. The gas turbines will incorporate a rich-burn, quick-quench combustor to minimize conversion of fuel-bound nitrogen to NOx, advanced single crystal alloys with improved hot corrosion resistance and strength, advanced metallic and ceramic coatings with improved erosion and corrosion resistance, and more effective hot section cooling. Two different power plant configurations are covered: a large (nominally 400 MW) combined cycle plant designed for base load applications; and a small (nominally 12 MW) simple-cycle plant designed for peaking, industrial, and cogeneration applications.

Advanced Particle Control for Coal-Based Power Generation Systems

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Bossart
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Power Generation Systems

The Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is actively sponsoring research to develop coal-based power generation systems that use coal more efficiently and economically and with lower emissions than conventional pulverized-coal power plants. Some of the more promising of the advanced coal-based power generation systems are shown in Figure 1: pressurized fluidized-bed combustion combined-cycle (PFBC), integrated gasification combined-cycle (IGCC), and direct coal-fueled turbine (DCFT). These systems rely on gas turbines to produce all or a portion of the electrical power generation. An essential feature of each of these systems is the control of particles at high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) conditions. Particle control is needed in all advanced power generation systems to meet environmental regulations and to protect the gas turbine and other major system components. Particles can play a significant role in damaging the gas turbine by erosion, deposition, and corrosion. Erosion is caused by the high-speed impaction of particles on the turbine blades. Particle deposition on the turbine blades can impede gas flow and block cooling air. Particle deposition also contributes to corrosive attack when alkali metal compounds adsorbed on the particles react with the gas turbine blades. Incorporation of HTHP particle control technologies into the advanced power generation systems can reduce gas turbine maintenance requirements, increase plant efficiency, reduce plant capital cost, lower the cost of electricity, reduce wastewater treatment requirements, and eliminate the need for post-turbine particle control to meet New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for particle emissions.

Study on the Parameters Influencing Efficiency of Micro-Gas Turbines: A Review

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samarth Jain ◽  
Soumya Roy ◽  
Abhishek Aggarwal ◽  
Dhruv Gupta ◽  
Vasu Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
The Future ◽  
Power Generation Systems

The art and science of gas turbine has traditionally seen a gradual and continuous change over the past few decades. Gas turbines are classified into impulse and reaction types and further into turbojet, turbofan, turboprop, after burning turbojet and micro gas turbine. These turbines find applications in airplanes, large scale industries etc. but these are less suitable for the small scale power generation units due to several factors. Micro gas turbines are set to play a significant role particularly in small-scale power generation using combined heat and power generation among all these types of turbines as the future of power generation lies in decentralised and distributed power generation systems. In the light of making use of the high temperature exhaust of a gas turbine, combined heat and power generation systems are being used to increase the power output and overall efficiency. Micro gas turbines are essentially single-stage, single-shaft and low pressure gas turbines whose capacity ranges from 30–150 KW. In comparison to the conventional turbines, micro gas turbines are compact and have low lubricating oil consumption leading to a simpler lube and sump oil system and because they have fewer rotating parts, this leads to lesser balancing problems. The analysis of micro gas turbines has shown that they are capable of meeting current emission standards of NOx and other pollutants. Even though the installation costs of micro gas turbines are high due to the complexity in adjusting to electrical grid frequency, still these distributed energy systems may prove to be more attractive in a competitive market to those seeking increased reliability as they empower these entities with the capacity of self-generation. The following text reviews the developments in the micro gas turbines with a special focus on the efficiency of its components such as the recuperator, the combustion chamber design and also explores the future prospects of the technology in terms of viability of its application in the automobile sector.

scholarly journals Biomass Gasification for Gas Turbine Based Power Generation

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Paisley ◽  
Donald Anson
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
The Us ◽  
Power Generation Systems

The Biomass Power Program of the US Department of Energy (DOE) has as a major goal the development of cost-competitive technologies for the production of power from renewable biomass crops. The gasification of biomass provides the potential to meet his goal by efficiently and economically producing a renewable source of a clean gaseous fuel suitable for use in high efficiency gas turbines. This paper discusses the development and first commercial demonstration of the Battelle high-throughput gasification process for power generation systems. Projected process economics are presented along with a description of current experimental operations coupling a gas turbine power generation system to the research scale gasifier and the process scaleup activities in Burlington, Vermont.

Operation Experiences of Siemens IGCC Gas Turbines Using Gasification Products From Coal and Refinery Residues

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Huth ◽  
A. Heilos ◽  
G. Gaio ◽  
J. Karg
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
Burner Design

The Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle concept is an emerging technology that enables an efficient and clean use of coal as well as residuals in power generation. After several years of development and demonstration operation, now the technology has reached the status for commercial operation. SIEMENS is engaged in 3 IGCC plants in Europe which are currently in operation. Each of these plants has specific characteristics leading to a wide range of experiences in development and operation of IGCC gas turbines fired with low to medium LHV syngases. The worlds first IGCC plant of commercial size at Buggenum/Netherlands (Demkolec) has already demonstrated that IGCC is a very efficient power generation technology for a great variety of coals and with a great potential for future commercial market penetration. The end of the demonstration period of the Buggenum IGCC plant and the start of its commercial operation has been dated on January 1, 1998. After optimisations during the demonstration period the gas turbine is running with good performance and high availability and has exceeded 18000 hours of operation on coal gas. The air-side fully integrated Buggenum plant, equipped with a Siemens V94.2 gas turbine, has been the first field test for the Siemens syngas combustion concept, which enables operation with very low NOx emission levels between 120–600 g/MWh NOx corresponding to 6–30 ppm(v) (15%O2) and less than 5 ppm(v) CO at baseload. During early commissioning the syngas nozzle has been recognised as the most important part with strong impact on combustion behaviour. Consequently the burner design has been adjusted to enable quick and easy changes of the important syngas nozzle. This design feature enables fast and efficient optimisations of the combustion performance and the possibility for easy adjustments to different syngases with a large variation in composition and LHV. During several test runs the gas turbine proved the required degree of flexibility and the capability to handle transient operation conditions during emergency cases. The fully air-side integrated IGCC plant at Puertollano/Spain (Elcogas), using the advanced Siemens V94.3 gas turbine (enhanced efficiency), is now running successfully on coal gas. The coal gas composition at this plant is similar to the Buggenum example. The emission performance is comparable to Buggenum with its very low emission levels. Currently the gas turbine is running for the requirements of final optimization runs of the gasifier unit. The third IGCC plant (ISAB) equipped with Siemens gas turbine technology is located at Priolo near Siracusa at Sicilly/Italy. Two Siemens V94.2K (modified compressor) gas turbines are part of this “air side non-integrated” IGCC plant. The feedstock of the gasification process is a refinery residue (asphalt). The LHV is almost twice compared to the Buggenum or Puertollano case. For operation with this gas, the coal gas burner design was adjusted and extensively tested. IGCC operation without air extraction has been made possible by modifying the compressor, giving enhanced surge margins. Commissioning on syngas for the first of the two gas turbines started in mid of August 1999 and was almost finished at the end of August 1999. The second machine followed at the end of October 1999. Since this both machines are released for operation on syngas up to baseload.

Advanced Gas Turbine and High Performance Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Plant With Blade Cooling Air Controlling

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Blade Cooling ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Cooling Air

Air cooling blades are usually applied to gas turbines as a basic specification. This blade cooling air is almost 20% of compressor suction air and it means that a great deal of compression load is not converted effectively to turbine power generation. This paper proposes the CCM (Cascade Cooling Module) system of turbine blade air line and the consequent improvement of power generation, which is achieved by the reduction of cooling air consumption with effective use of recovered heat. With this technology, current gas turbines (TIT: turbine inlet temperature: 1350°C) can be up-rated to have a relative high efficiency increase. The increase ratio has a potential to be equivalent to that of 1500°C Class GT/CC against 1350°C Class. The CCM system is designed to enable the reduction of blade cooling air consumption by the low air temperature of 15°C instead of the usual 200–400°C. It causes the turbine operating air to increase at the constant suction air condition, which results in the enhancement of power and thermal efficiency. The CCM is installed in the cooling air line and is composed of three stage coolers: steam generator/fuel preheater stage, heat exchanger stage for hot water supplying and cooler stage with chilled water. The coolant (chilled water) for downstream cooler is produced by an absorption refrigerator operated by the hot water of the upstream heat exchanger. The proposed CCM system requires the modification of cooling air flow network in the gas turbine but produces the direct effect on performance enhancement. When the CCM system is applied to a 700MW Class CC (Combined Cycle) plant (GT TIT: 135°C Class), it is expected that there will be a 40–80MW increase in power and +2–5% relative increase in thermal efficiency.

On the Economics of the Use of Biomass Fuels in Gas Turbine Cycles: Gasification vs. Externally Firing

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Barros Ferreira ◽  
Pericles Pilidis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Current Technology ◽  
Integrated Gasification

The use of biomass as gas turbine combined cycle fuels is broadly seen as one of the alternatives to diminish greenhouse gas emissions, mainly CO2, due to the efficiency delivered by such systems and the renewable characteristic of biomass itself. Integrated gasification cycles, BIGGT, are the current technology available; however the gasification system severely penalizes the power plant in terms of efficiency and demands modifications in the engine to accommodate the large fuel mass flow. This gives an opportunity to improvements in the current technologies and implementation of new ones. This paper intends to analyze new alternatives to the use of solid fuels in gas turbines, from the economical point of view, through the use of external combustion, EFGT, discussing its advantages and limitations over the current technology. The results show that both EFGT and BIGGT technologies are economically competitive with the current natural gas fired gas turbines. However, BIGGT power plants are still in pilot scale and the EFGT plants need further technological development. Thermodynamically speaking, the inherently recuperative characteristic of the EFGT gas turbine engine makes it well suited to the biomass market. The thermal efficiency of this cycle is higher than the BIGGT system. Furthermore, its fuel flexibility and negligible pre-treatmet is another advantage that makes it an interesting option for the Brazilian market.

scholarly journals Current Status and Prospects of Gas Turbine Technology Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 2108 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
Jiangpeng Li ◽  
Ziti Liu ◽  
Ruoxuan Ye
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Popular Power

Abstract The gas turbine is widely used in various fields, including powering aircraft, ships, trains, and electrical generators. This paper reviews multiple researches about two usages of gas turbines, including power generation and propulsion in aerospace. To be specific, two types of gas turbines have been considered in the power generation section. The first one is the micro-scale turbine, and its working principle has been introduced in section 2.1.1. In addition, six diverse kinds of gas turbines, sorted by a different manufacturer, are introduced in 2.1.2, and it has been found out that, compared to its counterpart, EnerTwin is obviously more sustainable. At the same time, both of them generally cost the same. The second type of gas turbine is used in a combined cycle power plant (CCPP), a popular power station. The working principle of CCPP is introduced in 2.2.1, while several optimization methods are illustrated in 2.2.2, including solar thermal power methods and other novel methods. The result indicates that the most popular method of optimizing the combined cycle gas turbine is integrating an additional unit. One of those outstanding technics is the integrated solar-combined cycle, contributing to 64% of fuel saving with 2.8% of output reduction.

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