A GRAPH PARTITIONING TECHNIQUE TO OPTIMIZE THE PHYSICAL INTEGRATION OF FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AXIOMATIC DESIGN

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Emilyn Green ◽  
Spenser Estrada ◽  
Praveen Kumare Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Sogol Jahanbekam ◽  
Sara Behdad
Keyword(s):  
Graph Partitioning ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Functional Requirement ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Target Number ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Physical Elements ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Abstract According to the concept of physical integration as understood in Axiomatic Design, design parameters of a product should be integrated into a single physical part or a few parts with the aim of reducing the information content, while still satisfying the independence of functional requirement. However, no specific method is suggested in the literature for determining the optimal degree of physical integration in a given design. This is particularly important with the current advancement in technologies such as additive manufacturing. As new manufacturing technologies allow physical elements to be integrated in new ways, new methods are needed to help designers optimize physical integration given the specific constraints and conflicts of each design. This study proposes an algorithm which uses graph partitioning to allow a designer to optimize the integration of functional requirements into a target number of parts, with the goal of minimizing the co-allocation of incompatible functional requirements in the same part. The operation and viability of the algorithm is demonstrated via two numerical examples and a practical example of designing a pencil.

Graph Partitioning Technique to Identify Physically Integrated Design Concepts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumare Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Helen Kain ◽  
Sogol Jahanbekam ◽  
Sara Behdad
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Graph Partitioning ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Physical Elements ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Integration Concept

This study proposes a graph partitioning method to facilitate the idea of physical integration proposed in Axiomatic Design. According to the physical integration concept, the design features should be integrated into a single physical part or a few parts with the aim of reducing the information content, given that the independence of functional requirements is still satisfied. However, no specific method is suggested in the literature for determining the optimal degree of physical integration of a design artifact. This is particularly important with the current advancement in Additive Manufacturing technologies. Since additive manufacturing allows physical elements to be integrated, new methods are needed to help designers evaluate the impact of the physical integration on the design success. The objective of this paper is to develop a framework for determining the best way that functional requirements can be assigned to different parts of a product.

scholarly journals Design of a tablet holder with the help of Axiomatic Design International Conference of Axiomatic Design 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Auðunn Herjólfsson ◽  
Haraldur Helgason ◽  
Sindri S. Ingvason ◽  
þráinn þórarinsson ◽  
Joseph Timothy Foley
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Customer Needs ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Viewing Experience

With the explosion of smart devices, tablets can currently be found everywhere. From schools to kiosks to watching movies in bed, these devices are prevalent everywhere in modern life. The problem with watching movies in bed using tablets is the necessity of hand usage. The market currently holds a few products that attempt to solve this, but none truly frees the user, allowing them hands-free usage with an easy exit of the bed. In this paper, we will describe a design which, utilizing axiomatic design, will out-perform anything currently existing in the same field, by giving a stable viewing experience while fitting to nearly any bed or sofa. Axiomatic Design ensured a comprehensive design process by ensuring customer needs were transformed into carefully thought out functional requirements and design parameters while maintaining modularity.

Knowledge Base Representation for Axiomatic Design Through Ontologies

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuochen Shi ◽  
Gregory Mocko
Keyword(s):  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Formal Ontology ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Multiple Groups

Axiomatic Design has been applied and developed as a tool, offering a scientific basis for design and improving design activities. Axiomatic Design has been used in various fields such as software system design, structure design, and product design. However, several challenges and limitations exist in Axiomatic Design including: the inconsistency in identifying design parameters, existence of coupled design, and multiple groups of functional requirements and design parameters. Aimed at using Axiomatic Design to generate conceptual solutions in engineering design while overcoming its limitations, a formal ontology is developed. The ontology defines functional requirements, design parameters, concepts, components and variables and their relationships. Axioms and rules of Axiomatic Design for the ontology are summarized. The Axiomatic Design ontology is applied to the design of a car seat as an example generating several concepts, and then compared and analyzed multiple groups of the concepts with the help of Axiomatic Design rules. More design ideas can be generated by combining detailed concepts as the higher level possible solutions.

Design of a Spacer Grid Using Axiomatic Design

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Song ◽  
B. S. Kang ◽  
K. H. Yoon ◽  
S. K. Choi ◽  
G. J. Park
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Water ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Axiomatic Approach ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Independence Axiom ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Spacer Grid ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Analysis And Design

Recently, much attention has been focused on the design of the fuel assemblies in the Pressurized Light Water Reactor (PLWR). The spacer grid is one of the main structural components in a fuel assembly. It supports fuel rods, guides cooling water, and maintains geometry from the external impact loads. In this research, a new shape of the spacer grid is designed by the axiomatic approach. The Independence Axiom is utilized for the design. For the conceptual design, functional requirements (FRs) are defined and corresponding design parameters (DPs) are found to satisfy FRs in sequence. Overall configuration and shapes are determined in this process. Detailed design is carried out based on the result of the axiomatic design. For the detailed design, the system performances are evaluated by using linear and nonlinear finite element analysis. The dimensions are determined by optimization. Some commercial codes are utilized for the analysis and design.

scholarly journals Incorporating Patent Analysis in Axiomatic Design for New Product Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 00015
Author(s):  
Wenguang Lin ◽  
Renbin Xiao ◽  
Rongshen Lai ◽  
Xiaozhen Guo
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
New Product ◽  
Patent Analysis ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Axiomatic Design Theory

Axiomatic design theory is widely used in new product development by providing design solutions through mapping between functional requirements and design parameters. However, the theory does not provide a method to help designer obtain and select design parameters. To this end, this paper introduces patent analysis to overcome the deficiency. Firstly, functional requirements are transformed into patent search terms, and design parameters are obtained from patents. Secondly, morphological matrix is used to represent the relationships between target function and multiple design parameters. Thirdly, design parameters with higher patent frequency are chose and combined into a new scheme. Finally, the scheme is evaluated by the independent axiom of Axiomatic Design theory. The methodology is demonstrated and validated with a case study of spa shower.

scholarly journals Formulation of an Agile Office Product: An Application of Axiomatic Design in Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 00008
Author(s):  
Christopher Spalding ◽  
ZiXiao Wei ◽  
Anthony Yarkov
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Analysis ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Independence Axiom ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Long Tail ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Information Axiom ◽  
Physical Form

Axiomatic Design was applied in an undergraduate student-led project which culminated in the creation of an agile ergonomic monitor stand, a solution designed to optimise the productivity and working conditions of the office environment. The customer domain was determined using a Mendelow’s Stakeholder Analysis followed by contextual inquiries and lead user interviews. These customer needs were organised into different levels via Maslow’s Hierarchy and redefined in terms of functional requirements. The functional requirements were decomposed and classified using the Kano Customer Satisfaction and Long Tail Models, and ultimately organised into a functional requirement tree. Design constraints were considered and listed, and the customer and functional domains were compared using a House of Quality. This allowed potential design paths to be devised with respect to the chosen functional requirements. The path involving the smart ergonomic stand was chosen from a number of potential products assessed against the functional requirements by listing the potential design parameters in a morphologicalmatrix. Concepts were designed by creating combinations of these design parameters, with their suitability being judged using the Independence Axiom. The physical form of the solution was inspired using biological sources. The final details of the design were chosen using the Information Axiom to determine their suitability in practical implementation allowing the final concept to be produced in a 3D CAD model.

Preventing Misuse of Consumer Products

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Nakao ◽  
Toshio Miyamura ◽  
Kensuke Tsuchiya ◽  
Kenji Iino
Keyword(s):  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Functional Requirement ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Japanese Market ◽  
Actual Design

Accidents with consumer products originate from either product defects or misuse. These two explicit causes result from aging degradation, coupled design, or in some cases from causes that are unknown. We analyzed over 600 cases of past accidents with consumer products in the Japanese market. Of the 309 cases of product defects, 51% were caused by aging degradation, and coupled design was responsible for 66% of the 296 cases of misuse. Evaluation, from the viewpoint of axiomatic design, of these coupled design caused misuse cases revealed that over half of them had coupling of the operational functional requirement in the design stage. These cases consist about 38% of the 296 misuse cases. Instead of blaming the user for misuse, if the designer carefully removes such coupling in the design stage, such accidents can be avoided. In the actual design work, changing part configurations, or adding sensors or interlocks can decouple operational functional requirements.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Human Ear Anatomy and Functionality by Axiomatic Design

Biomimetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Pratap Sriram Sundar ◽  
Chandan Chowdhury ◽  
Sagar Kamarthi
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Independence Axiom ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Human Ear

The design of the human ear is one of nature’s engineering marvels. This paper examines the merit of ear design using axiomatic design principles. The ear is the organ of both hearing and balance. A sensitive ear can hear frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. The vestibular apparatus of the inner ear is responsible for the static and dynamic equilibrium of the human body. The ear is divided into the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear, which play their respective functional roles in transforming sound energy into nerve impulses interpreted in the brain. The human ear has many modules, such as the pinna, auditory canal, eardrum, ossicles, eustachian tube, cochlea, semicircular canals, cochlear nerve, and vestibular nerve. Each of these modules has several subparts. This paper tabulates and maps the functional requirements (FRs) of these modules onto design parameters (DPs) that nature has already chosen. The “independence axiom” of the axiomatic design methodology is applied to analyze couplings and to evaluate if human ear design is a good design (i.e., uncoupled design) or a bad design (i.e., coupled design). The analysis revealed that the human ear is a perfect design because it is an uncoupled structure. It is not only a perfect design but also a low-cost design. The materials that are used to build the ear atom-by-atom are chiefly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, calcium, and nitrogen. The material cost is very negligible, which amounts to only a few of dollars. After a person has deceased, materials in the human system are upcycled by nature. We consider space requirements, materials cost, and upcyclability as “constraints” in the axiomatic design. In terms of performance, the human ear design is very impressive and serves as an inspiration for designing products in industrial environments.

Tolerance specification of the plane feature based on the axiomatic design

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (5) ◽  
pp. 1481-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qijian Zhao ◽  
Yanlong Cao ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Lifei Ren ◽  
Jiangxin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Number Of Solutions ◽  
Mapping Rules ◽  
Type Selection ◽  
Information Axiom ◽  
Tolerance Specification ◽  
Assembly Features ◽  
Point Line

Tolerance specification involves selecting tolerance types for functional or assembly features to control the variation of features. General methods tend to formulate a frame to specify all the features of part, while the specification methods or reasoning rules for specific feature (point, line, plane, cylinder, etc.) are less studied. This paper focuses on the tolerance-type selection of the plane feature. The theory of axiomatic design is introduced to select the tolerance type for the plane feature, and the problem is interpreted as a redundant decoupled design. To achieve the functional requirements, design parameters and constraints of physics domain are determined. The mapping rules, which are between design parameters and functional requirements, are generated based on the independent axiom. Considering the large number of solutions of the design, the constraints such as cost and inspection methods are introduced to reduce the number of solutions. The minimum information axiom is introduced for the optimum mapping rules and the tolerance types are selected by the optimum mapping rules for the plane feature. Finally, the specification process is concluded and demonstrated by means of an example.

scholarly journals Level of Readiness Index for Conceptual Design Refinement

2019 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 00001
Author(s):  
Kenji Iino ◽  
Masayuki Nakao
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Parameter Space ◽  
Design Parameter ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Design Matrix ◽  
Functional Requirement ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Graduate Schools ◽  
The Matrix

The authors have been teaching conceptual design courses to graduate schools and adult groups. Despite the instructors’ encouragement to refine a design to a level that clarifies the elemental functional requirement for each part element, the students often lump elemental functional requirements into higher level functions. The resulting Design Record Graph shows a functional requirement with multiple arcs extending to the corresponding nodes in the design parameter space. When such a design maps to a Design Matrix in Axiomatic Design, the matrix turns into a rectangular one with non-diagonal elements. Instead of just speaking to the students that they will face difficulty when it comes to producing prototypes, the authors developed a metric that quantifies the level of detail of a design so the students, often driven to gain higher numerical scores, will naturally spend efforts to refine their designs to levels that are ready for building prototypes. We call this metric Level of Readiness Index, i.e., LOR Index.

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