Preventing Misuse of Consumer Products

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Nakao ◽  
Toshio Miyamura ◽  
Kensuke Tsuchiya ◽  
Kenji Iino
Keyword(s):  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Functional Requirement ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Japanese Market ◽  
Actual Design

Accidents with consumer products originate from either product defects or misuse. These two explicit causes result from aging degradation, coupled design, or in some cases from causes that are unknown. We analyzed over 600 cases of past accidents with consumer products in the Japanese market. Of the 309 cases of product defects, 51% were caused by aging degradation, and coupled design was responsible for 66% of the 296 cases of misuse. Evaluation, from the viewpoint of axiomatic design, of these coupled design caused misuse cases revealed that over half of them had coupling of the operational functional requirement in the design stage. These cases consist about 38% of the 296 misuse cases. Instead of blaming the user for misuse, if the designer carefully removes such coupling in the design stage, such accidents can be avoided. In the actual design work, changing part configurations, or adding sensors or interlocks can decouple operational functional requirements.

scholarly journals Level of Readiness Index for Conceptual Design Refinement

2019 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 00001
Author(s):  
Kenji Iino ◽  
Masayuki Nakao
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Parameter Space ◽  
Design Parameter ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Design Matrix ◽  
Functional Requirement ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Graduate Schools ◽  
The Matrix

The authors have been teaching conceptual design courses to graduate schools and adult groups. Despite the instructors’ encouragement to refine a design to a level that clarifies the elemental functional requirement for each part element, the students often lump elemental functional requirements into higher level functions. The resulting Design Record Graph shows a functional requirement with multiple arcs extending to the corresponding nodes in the design parameter space. When such a design maps to a Design Matrix in Axiomatic Design, the matrix turns into a rectangular one with non-diagonal elements. Instead of just speaking to the students that they will face difficulty when it comes to producing prototypes, the authors developed a metric that quantifies the level of detail of a design so the students, often driven to gain higher numerical scores, will naturally spend efforts to refine their designs to levels that are ready for building prototypes. We call this metric Level of Readiness Index, i.e., LOR Index.

A GRAPH PARTITIONING TECHNIQUE TO OPTIMIZE THE PHYSICAL INTEGRATION OF FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AXIOMATIC DESIGN

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Emilyn Green ◽  
Spenser Estrada ◽  
Praveen Kumare Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Sogol Jahanbekam ◽  
Sara Behdad
Keyword(s):  
Graph Partitioning ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Functional Requirement ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Target Number ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Physical Elements ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Abstract According to the concept of physical integration as understood in Axiomatic Design, design parameters of a product should be integrated into a single physical part or a few parts with the aim of reducing the information content, while still satisfying the independence of functional requirement. However, no specific method is suggested in the literature for determining the optimal degree of physical integration in a given design. This is particularly important with the current advancement in technologies such as additive manufacturing. As new manufacturing technologies allow physical elements to be integrated in new ways, new methods are needed to help designers optimize physical integration given the specific constraints and conflicts of each design. This study proposes an algorithm which uses graph partitioning to allow a designer to optimize the integration of functional requirements into a target number of parts, with the goal of minimizing the co-allocation of incompatible functional requirements in the same part. The operation and viability of the algorithm is demonstrated via two numerical examples and a practical example of designing a pencil.

The Use of the Independence Design Axiom As an Enhancement to QFD

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Bascaran ◽  
Carlos Tellez
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Product Design Process ◽  
Qfd Method

Abstract In recent years, engineering design has been recognized as one of the areas with greatest potential for overall improvements on the life cycle cost of consumer products. Two key ideas that are recognized in modern design practice are the creative implementation of basic functional requirements as well as the incorporation of consumer perceptions of need in the initial stages of the design process. The Quality Function Deployment Method, QFD, has been used by many companies to incorporate consumer needs and preferences in the design of products and services. The QFD method is based on the paradigm that engineering products are coupled by nature. This idea is not unique to QFD. What differentiates the method is the notion that coupling is desirable. Specifically, this notion seems to be in contrast with the bases of the theory of Axiomatic Design. According to this theory, one of the driving forces of a design process is the elimination of coupling conditions between product functions and their corresponding implementations. In this paper we address the apparent inconsistency between QFD and Axiomatic Design. We specifically concentrate on the application of the Independence Design Axiom as an enhancement to the QFD process. A brief description of both methods is presented first, followed by a step by step description of how both concepts can be used in harmony to improve the conceptual product design process.

Axiomatic Design of an Adjustable Lifting System for the Assembly of Booms of Telehandlers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Landi ◽  
Agnese Sorgenti ◽  
Denny Clerini
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Preliminary Design Stage ◽  
Physical Prototype ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Lifting System

This work describes the Axiomatic Design of a lifting system to be used during the assembly of various telescopic lift booms. The main function of the lifting system is to assist the workers during both the pre-assembly of the individual parts of a boom and also during the final assembly of a wide ranges of telescopic booms of telehandlers. Prior to the design of the lifting system the fundamental phase of data collection work is described in the paper. The company production process is analysed to detect the needs and design constraints impacting directly on the design stage. The preliminary design stage included: functional, ergonomic study of the lifting system and also considerations on the safety of operators during assembly. The Axiomatic Design allows the designer to implement the Customer Needs into Functional Requirements and Design Parameters through a matrix description. So the product designer can recognize and properly transform Functional Requirements into Design Parameters during early stages of the design. In the paper the development of this new lifting system is shown through Axiomatic Design method. The resulting modular lifting system and the principal results obtained will be described in terms of: - reduction of assembly space on the “moving assembly chain” of the company, - reduction of cycle time of the assembly of the boom using the new lifting system, - improvement of ergonomic conditions of workers. During the so called decoupling phase of Axiomatic Design, the Design Parameters of the lifting system are first determined and then hierarchically ordered. So the wasted time for typical trial and error process of advanced design stage is reduced because of this clear ordering. The physical prototype of the new lifting system was already built and successfully used for the assembly on the industrial field.

scholarly journals Application of Axiomatic Design for the Design of a Safe Collaborative Human-Robot Assembly Workplace

2018 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 01003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Gualtieri ◽  
Erwin Rauch ◽  
Rafael Rojas ◽  
Renato Vidoni ◽  
Dominik T. Matt
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Factory Of The Future

In the context of the Industry 4.0 wave, which is currently making its way into production engineering research, human robot collaboration is also a very important topic. With new technologies and ever more intelligent control systems for machines and robots, the cooperation between human and machine has become easier. In the smart factory of the future, robots are working hand in hand with people and support them, when their assistance is needed. However, the implementation of such collaborative human-robot workplaces is not so easy in practice. The design of collaborative workplaces also presents completely new challenges in terms of safety of the worker. Such a complex problem requires a systematic and structured approach for concept design, in order to avoid loops in the design stage or even worse during implementation. The research team therefore uses a laboratory case study to show how Axiomatic Design can be used as a method to design collaborative human-robot workstations. First, functional requirements for such workplaces are defined. Based on the functional requirements, the design parameters are derived by using the Axiomatic Design mapping and decomposition process. The result is a concept study for a collaborative workplace in the laboratory environment based on Axiomatic Design.

scholarly journals NON FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS (NFRS) TRACEABILITY METAMODEL FOR AGILE DEVELOPMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adila Firdaus ◽  
Imran Ghani ◽  
Dayang Norhayati Abg Jawawi ◽  
Wan Mohd Nasir Wan Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Agile Development ◽  
Functional Requirement ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Agile Methodologies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Requirement Changes ◽  
Recall Methods

Agile methodologies are well known for early and frequent releases. Besides, these methodologies also handle requirement changes well without causing delays. However, it has been noticed that the functional requirements changes can affect the non-functional requirements (NFRs) such as security and performance. It is also possible that the agile team is not even aware of these effects causing dysfunctional system. This issue could be addressed by offering traceability mechanism that helps to trace the effect of functional requirement changes on the non-functional requirements. Unfortunately, a few researchers have conducted studies regarding this issue. Thus, this study attempts to present a Traceability Process Model (TPM) to tackle the issue of tracing NFR especially security and performance. However, to materialize a full scale TPM, a metamodel is necessary. Therefore in this paper, we present a metamodel by integrating two existing metamodels. Then we validate the newly built metamodel with precision and recall methods. Lastly, we also develop a traceability tool that is based on the proposed metamodel.

Engineering Design as Research

2012 ◽  
pp. 1766-1779
Author(s):  
Timothy L.J. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Is Research ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Actual Design ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
The Impact

Research is defined as an activity that creates new knowledge. This is often misunderstood in the engineering community as necessarily requiring a scientific contribution that advances the theory of some matter related to engineering materials or processes. Consequently, typical engineering research projects investigate physical phenomena thought likely to be interesting in potential applications or to describe the characteristics of processes used in engineering work. The results of such projects provide a fragmented, abstracted view of the phenomena investigated, which is difficult to use in engineering decision making related to contextualised situations. This chapter shows how the actual design of engineered artefacts is research because it provides knowledge of the impact of the integration of various elements of existing knowledge, which demonstrates the properties of the designs achieved through the design work and leads to discovery of solutions to the various challenges of integration discovered through the project which attempts to achieve the integration.

scholarly journals Design of a tablet holder with the help of Axiomatic Design International Conference of Axiomatic Design 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Auðunn Herjólfsson ◽  
Haraldur Helgason ◽  
Sindri S. Ingvason ◽  
þráinn þórarinsson ◽  
Joseph Timothy Foley
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Customer Needs ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Viewing Experience

With the explosion of smart devices, tablets can currently be found everywhere. From schools to kiosks to watching movies in bed, these devices are prevalent everywhere in modern life. The problem with watching movies in bed using tablets is the necessity of hand usage. The market currently holds a few products that attempt to solve this, but none truly frees the user, allowing them hands-free usage with an easy exit of the bed. In this paper, we will describe a design which, utilizing axiomatic design, will out-perform anything currently existing in the same field, by giving a stable viewing experience while fitting to nearly any bed or sofa. Axiomatic Design ensured a comprehensive design process by ensuring customer needs were transformed into carefully thought out functional requirements and design parameters while maintaining modularity.

scholarly journals Design Considerations for Therapeutic Devices - An Investigation of Pre-Schoolers’ Preferences for an Artefact’s Basic Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 877-886
Author(s):  
Emanuel Balzan ◽  
Philip Farrugia ◽  
Owen Casha ◽  
Liberato Camilleri ◽  
Andrew Wodehouse
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Material Hardness ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Dominant Characteristic ◽  
Set Up

AbstractToys are children's first consumer products and while playing they acquire numerous skills, learn about their environment and socialise with other children and adults. Toys are adapted and used by clinicians as therapeutic devices because they allow them to create bonds and communicate with children. Aesthetical aspects should be considered early in the design process, especially since pre-schoolers’ views are still dominated by the appearance of artefacts, also known as, the perceptual salient characteristics. The study of emotions mediates the understanding of the relationships between a product, user and the process with which consumers set up preferences over products. Decisions taken in each design stage will influence whether therapeutic devices will be enjoyed by children. An experiment was carried out to test out pre-schoolers’ preferences on individual attributes: form, dimension, material (hardness and weight) and surface (appearance and texture). This study exposed dominant characteristic preferences and the fact that some are influenced by gender and age. Employing these findings in therapeutic devices will enable clinicians to better engage the children during therapy.

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