scholarly journals Synergistic Technology Combinations for Future Commercial Aircraft Using Liquid Hydrogen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlos Rompokos ◽  
Andrew Rolt ◽  
Devaiah Nalianda ◽  
Askin T. Isikveren ◽  
Capucine Senné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Liquid Hydrogen ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Distributed Propulsion ◽  
Body Design

Abstract Liquid hydrogen (LH2) has long been seen as a technically feasible fuel for a fully sustainable greener aviation future. The low density of the cryogenic fuel would dictate the redesign of commercial aircraft to accommodate the large tanks, which are unlikely to be integrated within the whole internal volume of the wing. In the ENABLEH2 project, the morphological aspects of a LH2 aircraft design are discussed and a methodology for rapid concept comparative assessment is proposed. An exercise is then carried on to down-select short-to-medium range (SMR) and long-range (LR) concepts, able to carry 200 passengers for 3000 nmi and 414 passengers for 7500?nmi respectively. The down-selection process was split into two phases with the first considering 31 potential airframe architectures and 21 propulsion-system arrangements. The second phase made the final down-selections from a short-list of nine integrated design concepts that were ranked according to 34 criteria, relating to operating cost, revenue, noise and safety. Upon completion of the process, a tube and wing design with the tanks integrated into extended wing roots, and a blended-wing-body design were selected as the best candidates for the SMR and LR applications respectively. Both concepts feature distributed propulsion to maximise synergies from integrating the airframe and propulsion systems.

scholarly journals Synergistic Technology Combinations for Future Commercial Aircraft Using Liquid Hydrogen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlos Rompokos ◽  
Andrew Rolt ◽  
Devaiah Nalianda ◽  
Askin T. Isikveren ◽  
Capucine Senné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Liquid Hydrogen ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Distributed Propulsion ◽  
Body Design

Abstract Liquid hydrogen (LH2) has long been seen as a technically feasible fuel for a fully sustainable greener aviation future. The low density of the cryogenic fuel would dictate the redesign of commercial aircraft to accommodate the large tanks, which are unlikely to be integrated within the whole internal volume of the wing. In the ENABLEH2 project, the morphological aspects of a LH2 aircraft design are discussed and a methodology for rapid concept comparative assessment is proposed. An exercise is then carried on to down-select short-to-medium range (SMR) and long-range (LR) concepts, able to carry 200 passengers for 3000 nmi and 414 passengers for 7500 nmi respectively. The down-selection process was split into two phases with the first considering 31 potential airframe architectures and 21 propulsion-system arrangements. The second phase made the final down-selections from a short-list of nine integrated design concepts that were ranked according to 34 criteria, relating to operating cost, revenue, noise and safety. Upon completion of the process, a tube and wing design with the tanks integrated into extended wing roots, and a blended-wing-body design were selected as the best candidates for the SMR and LR applications respectively. Both concepts feature distributed propulsion to maximise synergies from integrating the airframe and propulsion systems.

Experimental Quantification of Fan Rotor Effects on Inlet Swirl Using Swirl Distortion Descriptors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin J. Frohnapfel ◽  
Walter F. O’Brien ◽  
K. Todd Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Flow Angle ◽  
Turbofan Engines ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Inlet Swirl

The prominence of highly integrated engine/airframe architectures in modern commercial aircraft design concepts has led to significant research efforts investigating the use of conventional turbofan engines in unconventional installations where severe inlet distortions can arise. In order to determine fan rotor capabilities for reducing or eliminating a complex inlet swirl distortion, an experimental investigation using a StreamVane™ swirl distortion generator was conducted in a turbofan engine research platform. Three-dimensional flow data collected at two discrete planes surrounding the fan rotor indicated that the intensity of the swirl distortion was decreased by the fan rotor; however, substantial swirl distortion effects remained in the fan exit flow. Flow angle magnitudes and swirl intensity decreased by approximately 30–40% across the fan rotor, while the presence of large-scale features within the distortion profile was nearly eliminated. Secondary flow streamlines indicated that small-scale features of the distortion were less affected by the rotating component and remained coherent at the fan rotor outlet plane. These results led to the conclusion that swirl distortion survived interactions with the fan rotor, leading to off-design conditions cascading through downstream engine components.

Computational analysis of the aerodynamic performance of a jet-flap airfoil in transonic flow

2012 ◽  
Vol 226 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Mantič-Lugo ◽  
G Doulgeris ◽  
A Gohardani ◽  
R Singh
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Active Flow Control ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Angle Variation ◽  
Distributed Propulsion ◽  
Lift And Drag ◽  
Active Flow

The needed shift in next generation aircraft design is expected to bring novel concepts for civil aviation as the jet-flap wing. The aircraft efficiency improvements with the jet-flap wing directs its use for future aircraft designs reinforced by the tendency for more synergistic systems as active flow control, boundary layer ingestion and distributed propulsion, making the jet-flap wing a very suitable option for the latter concept. The analysis carried out in this paper is aimed at the application of the jet-flap wing concept for manoeuvrability and cruise efficiency improvement of an airliner. A 2D computational model of a jet-flapped transonic airfoil is developed in order to assess the jet-flap wing technology for a commercial aircraft at cruise conditions. This paper provides an insight into the parameters that affect the performance of a jet-flap under various flight conditions. To do this, a general parametrical analysis is performed, studying numerically the influences of main flow parameters like Mach number, Reynolds number, angle of attack, jet deflection angle and jet thickness. Changes in pressure distribution and flow circulation around the airfoil yield strong modifications in lift and drag due to jet angle variation. Improvements are encountered in the performance of an airfoil with a jet-flap system compared with a standard airfoil with no jet. Enhancements in lift and reduction in drag, as well as an increase of the lift-to-drag ratio is possible with a proper combination of the jet deflection and the angle of attack of the airfoil. In summary, this paper shows the conditions under which the benefits of the jet-flapped wing, for lift enhancement and manoeuvrability as an active flow control are promising.

scholarly journals Experimental Quantification of Fan Rotor Effects on Inlet Swirl Using Swirl Distortion Descriptors

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin J. Frohnapfel ◽  
K. Todd Lowe ◽  
Walter F. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Flow Angle ◽  
Turbofan Engines ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Inlet Swirl

The prominence of highly integrated engine/airframe architectures in modern commercial aircraft design concepts has led to significant research efforts investigating the use of conventional turbofan engines in unconventional installations where severe inlet distortions can arise. In order to determine fan rotor capabilities for reducing or eliminating a complex inlet swirl distortion, an experimental investigation using a StreamVaneTM swirl distortion generator was conducted in a turbofan engine research platform. Three-dimensional (3D) flow data collected at two discrete planes surrounding the fan rotor indicated that the intensity of the swirl distortion was decreased by the fan rotor; however, substantial swirl distortion effects remained in the fan exit flow. Flow angle magnitudes and swirl intensity (SI) decreased by approximately 30–40% across the fan rotor, while the presence of large-scale features within the distortion profile was nearly eliminated. Secondary flow streamlines indicated that small-scale features of the distortion were less affected by the rotating component and remained coherent at the fan rotor outlet plane. These results led to the conclusion that swirl distortion survived interactions with the fan rotor, leading to off-design conditions cascading through downstream engine components.

scholarly journals THE FUTURE OF PASSENGER AIR TRANSPORT – VERY LARGE AIRCRAFT AND OUT KEY HUMAN FACTORS AFFECTING THE OPERATION AND SAFETY OF PASSENGER AIR TRANSPORT

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Petra Skolilova
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The article outlines some human factors affecting the operation and safety of passenger air transport given the massive increase in the use of the VLA. Decrease of the impact of the CO2 world emissions is one of the key goals for the new aircraft design. The main wave is going to reduce the burned fuel. Therefore, the eco-efficiency engines combined with reasonable economic operation of the aircraft are very important from an aviation perspective. The prediction for the year 2030 says that about 90% of people, which will use long-haul flights to fly between big cities. So, the A380 was designed exactly for this time period, with a focus on the right capacity, right operating cost and right fuel burn per seat. There is no aircraft today with better fuel burn combined with eco-efficiency per seat, than the A380. The very large aircrafts (VLAs) are the future of the commercial passenger aviation. Operating cost versus safety or CO2 emissions versus increasing automation inside the new generation aircraft. Almost 80% of the world aircraft accidents are caused by human error based on wrong action, reaction or final decision of pilots, the catastrophic failures of aircraft systems, or air traffic control errors are not so frequent. So, we are at the beginning of a new age in passenger aviation and the role of the human factor is more important than ever.

Function Ordering Within Morphological Charts: An Experimental Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anant Chawla ◽  
Joshua D. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Design Space Exploration ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Input Function ◽  
Output Function ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Morphological Chart

Morphological charts are widely recognized tools in engineering design applications and research. However, a literature gap exists in instructing the representation and exploration of morphological charts. In this paper, an experiment is conducted to understand how morphological charts are explored and what impact functional arrangement has on it. The experiment consisted of two problem statements, each with five different functional arrangements: 1) Most to Least Important Function, 2) Least to Most Important Function, 3) Input to Output Function, 4) Output to Input Function, and 5) Random. Sixty-seven junior mechanical engineering students were provided a prepopulated morphological chart and asked to generate integrated design concepts. The generated concepts were analyzed to determine how frequently a given means is selected, how much of the chart is explored, what is the sequence of exploration, and finally the influence of function ordering on them. Experimental results indicate a tendency to focus more on the initial columns of the chart irrespective of functional order. Moreover, the Most-to-Least-Important functional order results in higher chances and uniformity of design space exploration.

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