Emissions From Oxy-Combustion of Raw and Torrefied Biomass

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Meng ◽  
Emad Rokni ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Hongliang Qi ◽  
Rui Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture And Utilization ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Torrefied Biomass

Abstract This work assesses the evolution of acid gases from raw and torrefied biomass (distiller’s dried grains with solubles and rice husk) combustion in conventional (air) and simulated oxy-combustion (oxygen/carbon dioxide) environments. Emphasis was placed on the latter, as oxy-combustion of renewable or waste biomass, coupled with carbon capture and utilization or sequestration, could be a benefit toward mitigating global warming. The oxy-combustion environments were set to 21%O2/79%CO2 and 30%O2/70%CO2. Results revealed that combustion of either raw or torrefied biomass generated CO2 emissions that were lower in 21%O2/79%CO2 than at 30%O2/70%CO2, whereas CO emissions exhibited the opposite trend. Emissions of CO from combustion in air were drastically lower than those in the two oxy-combustion environments and those in 21%O2/79%CO2 were the highest. Emissions of NO followed the same trend as those of CO2, while HCN emissions followed the same trend as those of CO. Emissions of NO were higher than those of HCN. The emissions of SO2 were lower in oxy-combustion than in air combustion. Moreover, combustion of torrefied biomass generated higher CO2 and NO, comparable CO and SO2, and lower HCN emissions than combustion of raw biomass. Out of the three conditions tested in this study, oxy-combustion of biomass, either in the raw and torrefied state, attained the highest combustion effectiveness and caused the lowest CO, HCN, and SO2 emissions when the gas composition was 30%O2/70%CO2.

Evolution of Gases from the Pyrolysis of Raw and Torrefied Biomass and from the Oxy-combustion of their Bio-Chars

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Meng ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Emad Rokni ◽  
Xigang Yang ◽  
Yiannis Levendis
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Carbon Capture And Utilization ◽  
Combustion Emissions ◽  
Torrefied Biomass ◽  
High Heating ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
N Compounds

Abstract The current research assessed the evolution of gases from pyrolysis of biomass and from subsequent combustion of bio-chars. Raw and torrefied biomass was pyrolyzed in nitrogen or carbon dioxide under high heating rates (104 K/s) and high temperatures (1450 K). Pyrolyzates gases were monitored for carbon, nitrogen and sulfur oxides. Subsequently, generated bio-chars were burned in both conventional (air) and simulated oxy-combustion (O2/CO2) gases. In principle, oxy-combustion of renewable biomass coupled with carbon capture and utilization/sequestration can help remove atmospheric CO2. Pyrolysis of biomass in CO2 generated lower char yields, lower SO2 and NO, and higher CO2, CO and HCN mole fractions, compared to pyrolysis in N2. HCN was the most prominent among all measured nitrogen-bearing gases (HCN, NH3, NO) from biomass pyrolysis. Compared to their combustion in air, bio-chars burned more effectively in 30%O2/79%CO2 and less effectively in 21%O2/79%CO2. Emissions of CO were the lowest in 21%O2/79%CO2. Emissions of HCN were the highest in air combustion, and decreased with increasing O2 mole fraction in oxy-combustion; emissions of NO were highest in 30%O2/79%CO2, and emissions of NO were dominant during bio-char oxy-combustion compared with other N-compounds. In oxy-combustion bio-chars released the lowest emissions of SO2. Finally, the emissions of CO, NO, HCN, and SO2 from combustion of DDGS bio-chars were higher than those from RH bio-chars, because of different physicochemical properties.

scholarly journals Effect of Urban Heat Island and Global Warming Countermeasures on Heat Release and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Detached House

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Daisuke Narumi ◽  
Ronnen Levinson ◽  
Yoshiyuki Shimoda
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Cooling Effects

Urban air temperature rises induced by the urban heat island (UHIE) effect or by global warming (GW) can be beneficial in winter but detrimental in summer. The SCIENCE-Outdoor model was used to simulate changes to sensible heat release and CO2 emissions from buildings yielded by four UHIE countermeasures and five GW countermeasures. This model can evaluate the thermal condition of building envelope surfaces, both inside and outside. The results showed that water-consuming UHIE countermeasures such as evaporative space cooling and roof water showering provided positive effects (decreasing sensible heat release and CO2 emissions related to space conditioning) in summer. Additionally, they had no negative (unwanted cooling) effects in winter since they can be turned off in the heating season. Roof greening can provide the greatest space- conditioning CO2 emissions reductions among four UHIE countermeasures, and it reduces the amount of heat release slightly in the heating season. Since the effect on reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by UHIE countermeasures is not very significant, it is desirable to introduce GW countermeasures in order to reduce CO2 emissions. The significance of this study is that it constructed the new simulation model SCIENCE-Outdoor and applied it to show the influence of countermeasures upon both heat release and CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Critical Analysis and Evaluation of the Technology Pathways for Carbon Capture and Utilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-512
Author(s):  
Simon P. Philbin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Carbon Capture And Utilization ◽  
The Impact

Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) is the process of capturing unwanted carbon dioxide (CO2) and utilizing for further use. CCU offers significant potential as part of a sustainable circular economy solution to help mitigate the impact of climate change resulting from the burning of hydrocarbons and alongside adoption of other renewable energy technologies. However, implementation of CCU technologies faces a number of challenges, including identifying optimal pathways, technology maturity, economic viability, environmental considerations as well as regulatory and public perception issues. Consequently, this research study provides a critical analysis and evaluation of the technology pathways for CCU in order to explore the potential from a circular economy perspective of this emerging area of clean technology. This includes a bibliographic study on CCU, evaluation of carbon utilization processes, trend estimation of CO2 usage as well as evaluation of methane and methanol production. A value chain analysis is provided to support the development of CCU technologies. The research study aims to inform policy-makers engaged in developing strategies to mitigate climate change through reduced carbon dioxide emission levels and improve our understanding of the circular economy considerations of CCU in regard to production of alternative products. The study will also be of use to researchers concerned with pursuing empirical investigations of this important area of sustainability.

A review on materials and processes for carbon dioxide separation and capture

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110509
Author(s):  
R Maniarasu ◽  
Sushil Kumar Rathore ◽  
S. Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Storage

In today’s world, owing to industrial expansion, urbanization, the rapid growth of the human population, and the high standard of living, the utilization of the most advanced technologies is unavoidable. The enhanced anthropogenic activities worldwide result in a continuous increase in global warming potential, thereby raising a global concern. The constant rise in global warming potential forces the world to mitigate greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is considered as the primary contributor responsible for global warming and climatic changes. The global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions released into the atmosphere can eventually deteriorate the environment and endanger the ecosystem. Combating global warming is one of the main challenges in achieving sustainable development. Carbon capture and storage is a potential solution to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. There are three main methods for carbon capture and storage: post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion. Among them, post-combustion is used in thermal power plants and industrial sectors, all of which contribute a significant amount of carbon dioxide. Different techniques such as physical and chemical absorption, physical and chemical adsorption, membrane separation, and cryogenic distillation used for carbon capture are thoroughly discussed and presented. Currently, there are various materials including absorbents, adsorbents, and membranes used in carbon dioxide capture. Still, there is a search for new and novel materials and processes for separating and capturing carbon dioxide. This review article provides a comprehensive review of different methods, techniques, materials, and processes used for separating and capturing carbon dioxide from significant stationary point sources.

Development Status and Energy Penalty of Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1598-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Yong Liu ◽  
Xiao Feng Zhang ◽  
Ji Fa Zhang ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Fang Qin Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Energy Penalty

Carbon dioxide is claimed to be responsible for 60 percent of the global warming caused by greenhouse gases. CCS is important for reducing CO2emissions. Most technologies are in demonstration stage. Carbon capture accounts for two thirds of total cost of CCS. The trend of CCS is also described.

scholarly journals New Trends in the Conversion of CO2 to Cyclic Carbonates

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erivaldo J.C. Lopes ◽  
Ana P.C. Ribeiro ◽  
Luísa M.D.R.S. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Fine Chemicals ◽  
Cyclic Carbonates ◽  
Atom Economy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Meaningful Measure

This work concerns recent advances (mainly in the last five years) in the challenging conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into fine chemicals, in particular to cyclic carbonates, as a meaningful measure to reduce CO2 emissions in the atmosphere and subsequent global warming effects. Thus, efficient catalysts and catalytic processes developed to convert CO2 into different chemicals towards a more sustainable chemical industry are addressed. Cyclic carbonates can be produced by different routes that directly, or indirectly, use carbon dioxide. Thus, recent findings on CO2 cycloaddition to epoxides as well as on its reaction with diols are reviewed. In addition, indirect sources of carbon dioxide, such as urea, considered a sustainable process with high atom economy, are also discussed. Reaction mechanisms for the transformations involved are also presented.

scholarly journals Financial precautions, carbon dioxide leakage, and the European Directive 2009/31/EC on carbon capture and storage (CCS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 787-806
Author(s):  
Manuel Wifling
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
State Budget ◽  
European Legislation ◽  
European Directive ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Leakage ◽  
And Storage

AbstractThe phenomenon of anthropogenic climate change has been identified as a threat multiplier for many human-related concerns. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) can, in combination with several other mitigation technologies, alleviate global warming by reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Reducing climate change-related risks via CCS creates another risk, smaller in extent: the risk that some of the stored CO2 leaks out of the storage complex. This article reviews European legislation and evaluates how one of its objectives, that private liabilities of CCS-related leakage risks are not socialized, is ensured. Slight modifications of European legislation are suggested in order to prevent an indefinite liability of CCS operators in case a storage complex turns out to be unexpectedly and unavoidably prone to CO2 leakages. Official German and Hungarian financial precaution specifications are contrasted and related to this article’s finding that the state budget is sufficiently hedged against the expected value of climate-related leakage compensation costs of poorly managed storage complexes if 3 to 6% of a CCS operator’s emission-related revenues are diverted into a financial precaution fund.

scholarly journals Monolithic metal-organic frameworks for carbon dioxide separation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Madden ◽  
Robin Babu ◽  
Ceren Camur ◽  
Nakul Rampal ◽  
Joaquin Silvestre-Albero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Separation ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is both a primary contributor to global warming and a major industrial impurity. Traditional approaches to carbon capture involve corrosive and energy intensive processes such as liquid...

scholarly journals Photochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoubhik Das ◽  
Robin Cauwenbergh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Photochemical Reduction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Carbon Capture And Utilization ◽  
And Storage

With the growing awareness of green chemistry, carbon capture and utilization (CCU) has got tremendous attention compared to the carbon capture and storage (CCS). Over the past decades, the development...

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