Analysis of the Cause of Suffocation Resulting from Leakage in Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing Systems

The safety of carbon dioxide fire extinguishing facilities is studied through a fundamental case analysis of leakage accidents in carbon dioxide fire extinguishing facilities. In Korea, since 2001, there have been 11 accidents caused by leaks from carbon dioxide fire extinguishing facilities, killing 9 people and injuring more than 60 others. Recently, three subcontractors inhaled CO₂ gas from a transportation passage outside a collection chamber, killing two of them and injuring the other. This incident brought social attention to the CO₂ fire extinguishing facility in the first basement of S Electronics. In this study, we analyze the cause of the accident (e.g., pressure and temperature changes in the carbon dioxide leakage process) using a one-dimensional transient model, the effects of oxygen and CO₂ concentration at the location of the incident, and that these results can be used as basic data to prevent suffocation disaster in carbon dioxide fire extinguishing facilities.

Financial precautions, carbon dioxide leakage, and the European Directive 2009/31/EC on carbon capture and storage (CCS)

The phenomenon of anthropogenic climate change has been identified as a threat multiplier for many human-related concerns. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) can, in combination with several other mitigation technologies, alleviate global warming by reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Reducing climate change-related risks via CCS creates another risk, smaller in extent: the risk that some of the stored CO2 leaks out of the storage complex. This article reviews European legislation and evaluates how one of its objectives, that private liabilities of CCS-related leakage risks are not socialized, is ensured. Slight modifications of European legislation are suggested in order to prevent an indefinite liability of CCS operators in case a storage complex turns out to be unexpectedly and unavoidably prone to CO2 leakages. Official German and Hungarian financial precaution specifications are contrasted and related to this article’s finding that the state budget is sufficiently hedged against the expected value of climate-related leakage compensation costs of poorly managed storage complexes if 3 to 6% of a CCS operator’s emission-related revenues are diverted into a financial precaution fund.