Experimental Investigations on the Tribological Performance of Electric Discharge Alloyed Ti–6Al–4V at 200–600 °C

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jibin T. Philip ◽  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Jose Mathew ◽  
Basil Kuriachen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Nowadays, the titanium alloys observe broad applicability in aerospace, marine, automobile, and bio-medical industries due to their lightweight, bio-compatibility, good fatigue strength, and corrosion resistance. However, it possesses poor tribological behavior characterized by a high coefficient of friction (CoF) and the specific wear rate (SWR). In this paper, the impact of the electrical discharge machining on the tribological properties of Ti6Al4V (Ti64) was compared before and after electrical discharge machining (EDM) using a pin-on-disk tribometer under un-lubricated and ambient temperature. Besides, ex-situ analysis was performed on the distinct pin surfaces using (i) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), (ii) energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and (iii) X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) techniques to elucidate the associated wear mechanisms. The mechanical properties such as nano-hardness and elastic modulus of the test surfaces were also determined using a nano-indenter. Significant improvement in SWR (65.44% reduction) with a passable compromise for CoF (22.5% increment) occurred during experimentation (before and after EDM) at 100 N. Besides, the wear behavior of the electrical discharge alloyed Ti64 (ETi64) was evaluated at 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C under the applied loads of 50–150 N. At 400 °C and 600 °C, the SWR initially decreased and then increased with variation in load from 50–100 N and 100–150 N, respectively. The enhanced tribo-behavior at 100 N was due to the protective influence of tribo-oxides, viz., TiO2 and Ti8O15 assisted by the hard Ti24C15 carbides in the recast layer (RL).

scholarly journals Structural Changes in French VF Treatment Wetland Porous Media during the Rest Period: An Ex Situ Study Using X-ray Tomography

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
German Dario Martinez-Carvajal ◽  
Laurent Oxarango ◽  
Jérôme Adrien ◽  
Pascal Molle ◽  
Nicolas Forquet
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Treatment Wetland ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deposit Layer

Clogging constitutes a major operational issue for treatment wetlands. The rest period is a key feature of French Vertical Flow (VF) treatment wetlands and serves to mitigate clogging. An ex-situ drying experiment was performed to mimic the rest period and record structural changes in the porous media using X-ray Computed Tomography (CT). Samples containing the deposit and gravel layers of a first stage French VF treatment wetland were extracted and left to dry in a control environment. Based on CT scans, three phases were identified (voids, biosolids, and gravels). The impact of the rest period was assessed by means of different pore-scale variables. Ultimately, the volume of biosolids had reduced to 58% of its initial value, the deposit layer thickness dropped to 68% of its initial value, and the void/biosolid specific surface area ratio increased from a minimum value of 1.1 to a maximum of 4.2. Cracks greater than 3 mm developed at the uppermost part of the deposit layer, while, in the gravel layer, the rise in void volume corresponds to pores smaller than 2 mm in diameter. Lastly, the air-filled microporosity is estimated to have increased by 0.11 v/v.

Sliding Wear Behavior of Remelted Al2O3-TiO2 Plasma Sprayed Coatings on Titanium

2016 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion Dragoş Uţu ◽  
Gabriela Marginean ◽  
Iosif Hulka ◽  
Viorel Aurel Şerban
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sprayed Coating ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Sprayed Coatings

Microstructure and wear properties of the Al2O3-13.wt% TiO2 thermally sprayed coatings before and after remelting were investigated in this study. The coatings were deposited on a pure titanium substrate using the atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) process. The as-sprayed coatings were electron beam (EB) modified in order to improve their compactness and bonding strength.The effect of EB remelting on the microstructure, phase constituents and wear properties was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction technique and hardness measurements. The sliding wear behavior was tested using a pin on disk method.The results showed that the remelting process had a positive effect removing the lamellar defect of the as-sprayed coating and improving the compactness, hardness and wear behavior.

EFFECT OF NITROGEN AMOUNT ON TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF PLASMA NITRIDED 31CrMoV9 STEEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (07) ◽  
pp. 1850217 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. ÇOMAKLI ◽  
A. F. YETIM ◽  
B. KARACA ◽  
A. ÇELIK
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Compound Layer ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pin On Disk

The 31CrMoV9 steels were plasma nitrided under different gas mixture ratios to investigate an influence of nitrogen amount on wear behavior. The structure, mechanical and tribological behavior of untreated and nitrided 31CrMoV9 steels were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), microhardness device, 3D profilometer and pin-on-disk wear tester. The analysis outcomes displayed that the compound layer consists of nitride phases (Fe2N, Fe3N, Fe4N and CrN). Additionally, the thickness of the compound layers, surface hardness and roughness increased with increasing nitrogen amount in the gas mixture. The highest friction coefficient value was obtained at nitrogen amount of 50%, but the lowest value was seen at nitrogen amount of 6%. It was observed that wear resistance of 31CrMoV9 steel improved after plasma nitriding, and the best wear resistance was also obtained from plasma nitrided sample at the gas mixture of 94% H[Formula: see text]% N2.

Atomic Hydrogen Effects on the Optical and Electrical Properties of Transparent Conducting Oxides For a-Si:H TFT-LCDs

1996 ◽  
Vol 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Je-Hsiung Lan ◽  
Jerzy Kanicki
Keyword(s):  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Hydrogen Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Conducting Oxides ◽  
Before And After

AbstractThe effects of the atomic hydrogen treatment (H-treatment) of indium-tin oxide (ITO) and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films have been investigated. The atomic hydrogen was generated by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HW-CVD) technique. Experimental results have shown that AZO films are chemically very stable under the H-treatment; almost no variation in the optical transmittance and electrical resistivity was observed. On the contrary, ITO films, either prepared by sputtering with ex-situ or in-situ thermal-annealing, have shown severe optical and electrical degradation and surface whitening after the H-treatment. SEM studies of the H-treated ITO surfaces have revealed that the surface whitening was due to the increase in surface roughness and the formation of granule-like metallic balls. Auger electron spectroscopy has indicated that the balls were mainly composed of indium atoms and the areas between balls were rich in oxygen atoms. These results were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements done on ITO before and after the H-treatment. Finally, we have demonstrated that a-SiO, deposited by PECVD will completely suppress the chemical reaction between ITO surfaces and atomic hydrogen generated by HW-CVD technique.

scholarly journals Enhancement of the Wear Resistance and Microhardness of Aluminum Alloy by Nd:YaG Laser Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham T. Hussein ◽  
Abdulhadi Kadhim ◽  
Ahmed A. Al-Amiery ◽  
Abdul Amir H. Kadhum ◽  
Abu Bakar Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hardness Values

Influence of laser treatment on mechanical properties, wear resistance, and Vickers hardness of aluminum alloy was studied. The specimens were treated by using Nd:YaG laser of energy 780 mj, wavelength 512 nm, and duration time 8 ns. The wear behavior of the specimens was studied for all specimens before and after treatment by Nd:YaG laser and the dry wear experiments were carried out by sing pinon-disc technique. The specimens were machined as a disk with diameter of 25 mm and circular groove in depth of 3 mm. All specimens were conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray florescence analysis (EDS), optical microscopy, and Vickers hardness. The results showed that the dry wear rate was decreased after laser hardening and increased Vickers hardness values by ratio of 2.4 : 1. The results showed that the values of wear rate for samples having circular grooves are less than samples without grooves after laser treatment.

scholarly journals Interface Orientation Distribution during Grain Growth in Bulk SrTiO3 Measured by Means of 3D X-Ray Diffraction Contrast Tomography

2012 ◽  
Vol 1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Syha ◽  
Wolfgang Rheinheimer ◽  
Michael Bäurer ◽  
Erik M. Lauridsen ◽  
Wolfgang Ludwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Interface Orientation

ABSTRACT3D x-ray diffraction contrast tomography (DCT) is a non-destructive technique for the determination of grain shape and crystallography in polycrystalline bulk materials. Using this technique, a strontium titanate specimen was repeatedly measured between annealing steps.. A systematic analysis of the growth history of selected grains before and after the ex-situ annealing step allows to extract the topological and morphological changes during grain growth. Furthermore, misorientation as well as interface orientation information of the microstructure reconstructions have been determined. The interface normal distribution clearly shows a preference for (100) oriented interfaces in the selected grains when annealed at 1600°C. This observation can be connected to existent interfacial energy estimations resulting from capillarity vector reconstructions.

Fit of cast commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy crowns before and after marginal refinement by electrical discharge machining

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Fernando Ruiz Contreras ◽  
Guilherme Elias Pessanha Henriques ◽  
Suely Ruiz Giolo ◽  
Mauro Antonio Arruda Nobilo
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Before And After
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