scholarly journals Fuel Cell Backup Power System for Grid Service and Microgrid in Telecommunication Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Ma ◽  
Joshua Eichman ◽  
Jennifer Kurtz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Grid Service ◽  
Grid Services ◽  
Strategic Integration

This paper presents the feasibility and economics of using fuel cell backup power systems in telecommunication cell towers to provide grid services (e.g., ancillary services, demand response (DR)) as well as power for cell towers during emergency conditions. This study evaluates the strategic integration of clean, efficient, and reliable fuel cell systems with the grid for improved economic benefits. The backup systems can potentially enhance capabilities through information exchange with the power grid, which adds value for grid services that depend on location and time. The economic analysis focused on the potential revenue for distributed telecommunications fuel cell backup units to provide value-added power supply. This paper includes case studies on current fuel cell backup power locations and regional grid service programs. The grid service benefits and system configurations for different operation modes provide opportunities for expanding backup fuel cell applications responsive to grid needs. The objective of this work is primarily on how fuel cells can become a significant part of the telecom backup power fleet to reduce system costs, environmental impact, and dependence on fossil fuels, while ensuring continuity of indispensable service for mobile users. The study identifies different fuel cell applications and nano/microgrid approaches for an extensive network of fuel cells as distributed energy resources. The possibilities of various application scenarios extend to fuel cell technologies and microgrids for reliable power supply.

scholarly journals Fuel Cell Backup Power System for Grid-Service and Micro-Grid in Telecommunication Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Ma ◽  
Josh Eichman ◽  
Jennifer Kurtz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Grid Service ◽  
Grid Services ◽  
Strategic Integration

This paper presents the feasibility and economics of using fuel cell backup power systems in telecommunication cell towers to provide grid services (e.g., ancillary services, demand response). The fuel cells are able to provide power for the cell tower during emergency conditions. This study evaluates the strategic integration of clean, efficient, and reliable fuel cell systems with the grid for improved economic benefits. The backup systems have potential as enhanced capability through information exchanges with the power grid to add value as grid services that depend on location and time. The economic analysis has been focused on the potential revenue for distributed telecommunications fuel cell backup units to provide value-added power supply. This paper shows case studies on current fuel cell backup power locations and regional grid service programs. The grid service benefits and system configurations for different operation modes provide opportunities for expanding backup fuel cell applications responsive to grid needs. The objective of this work primarily focuses on how fuel cells can become a significant part of the telecom backup power to reduce system costs, environmental impact, and dependence on fossil fuels, while ensuring continuity of indispensable service for mobile users. The study identifies the approaches on the fuel cell application through nano/microgrids for an extensive network of fuel cells as distributed energy resources. The possibilities of various application scenarios extend the fuel cell technologies and microgrid for reliable power supply.

scholarly journals Optimal Synergy between Photovoltaic Panels and Hydrogen Fuel Cells for Green Power Supply of a Green Building—A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6304
Author(s):  
Raluca-Andreea Felseghi ◽  
Ioan Așchilean ◽  
Nicoleta Cobîrzan ◽  
Andrei Mircea Bolboacă ◽  
Maria Simona Raboaca
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels

Alternative energy resources have a significant function in the performance and decarbonization of power engendering schemes in the building application domain. Additionally, “green buildings” play a special role in reducing energy consumption and minimizing CO2 emissions in the building sector. This research article analyzes the performance of alternative primary energy sources (sun and hydrogen) integrated into a hybrid photovoltaic panel/fuel cell system, and their optimal synergy to provide green energy for a green building. The study addresses the future hydrogen-based economy, which involves the supply of hydrogen as the fuel needed to provide fuel cell energy through a power distribution infrastructure. The objective of this research is to use fuel cells in this field and to investigate their use as a green building energy supply through a hybrid electricity generation system, which also uses photovoltaic panels to convert solar energy. The fuel cell hydrogen is supplied through a distribution network in which hydrogen production is outsourced and independent of the power generation system. The case study creates virtual operating conditions for this type of hybrid energy system and simulates its operation over a one-year period. The goal is to demonstrate the role and utility of fuel cells in virtual conditions by analyzing energy and economic performance indicators, as well as carbon dioxide emissions. The case study analyzes the optimal synergy between photovoltaic panels and fuel cells for the power supply of a green building. In the simulation, an optimally configured hybrid system supplies 100% of the energy to the green building while generating carbon dioxide emissions equal to 11.72% of the average value calculated for a conventional energy system providing similar energy to a standard residential building. Photovoltaic panels account for 32% of the required annual electricity production, and the fuel cells generate 68% of the total annual energy output of the system.

scholarly journals Overpotential evaluation of PEMFC using semi-empirical equation and SEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 01015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaro Akimoto ◽  
Shin-nosuke Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Independent Power Supply ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
Degradation Diagnosis ◽  
Semi Empirical

Fuel cells are a clean and weather-independent power supply. Solar and wind power are widespread in islands that are difficult to supply power. If problems are solved in the future, fuel cells are also expected to become popular. The widespread commercialization of PEMFC stacks depends on their reliability and fault diagnosis. In this study, we developed a degradation diagnosis method for the purpose of improving reliability. The output reduction of the fuel cell is separated into reduction factors called overpotentials. And the factor of the decrease is specified. In this paper, we show the proposed method and the degradation factors, and the effectiveness of the method.

Paper 3: Fuel Cells as a Source of Power in Locomotives

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (7) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Williams ◽  
B. M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Solid Oxide Electrolyte ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cell Traction ◽  
Oxide Electrolyte

The principles of the more important fuel cells are described and their current state of development assessed. Reference is made to the suitability of various fuels for fuel cell power systems applied to locomotive traction. The overall scheme for a 300-kW power unit using a low-temperature fuel battery is described. While technically possible, such a system is unlikely to be economically viable. It is suggested that fuel cell traction for locomotives will have to await the development of an improved fuel cell, such as one using a solid oxide electrolyte.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fuel Cell DC/DC Power Supply Topologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2095 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Guofu Chen ◽  
Fengjiao Dai ◽  
Wei Kang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Electronics ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Topological Structures ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Dc Power Supply ◽  
Output Characteristics

Abstract With the development of fuel cell products and technology, power electronics researchers have proposed a variety of fuel cell DC/DC power supply topologies for the output characteristics of fuel cells. This article compares and analyzes several existing non-isolated and isolated topological structures, summarizes the respective advantages and disadvantages of different topological structures and applicable scenarios, and provides references for further indepth discussion of related issues.

scholarly journals New Avenues for Electrochemistry

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (02) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Michael Valenti
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Coal Mine Methane ◽  
Automotive Engines

Manufacturers of fuel cells are working to improve the economics of electrochemical devices to make them more competitive with conventional fossil fuel power systems for industrial plants and vehicles. FuelCell Energy of Danbury, Connecticut, is designing a system to convert polluting coal mine methane into electricity. General Electric MicroGen of Latham, New York, plans to introduce a residential fuel cell system by the end of the year to provide remote homes with backup current and heat. Another residential system is being developed by International Fuel Cells of South Windsor, Connecticut. The Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory in Morgantown, West Virginia, is sponsoring a program to determine the feasibility of feeding coal mine methane to fuel cells. The program involves building a 250-kilowatt fuel cell system at the Nelms mining complex operated by Harrison Mining Corp. in Cadiz, Ohio. A fuel cell system planned for the Nelms complex will assist these automotive engines in consuming methane emissions while generating electricity.

Water Balance in PEM Fuel Cells

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Izenson ◽  
Roger W. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Power Sources

Fuel cells based on polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) are attractive power sources because they are efficient, non-polluting, and do not rely on non-renewable fossil fuels. Water management is a critical design issue for these fuel cells because the PEM must be maintained at the proper water content to remain ionically conducting without flooding the electrodes. Furthermore, portable PEM power systems should operate at water balance. That is, water losses from the cell should be balanced by the rate of water production from the fuel cell reaction. A portable system that operates at water balance does not require an external supply of water. The rate of water production depends on the cell’s electrochemical characteristics. The rate of water loss depends on the flow rates of reactants and products, transport of water and fuel across the PEM, and the stack operating temperature. This paper presents the basic design relationships that govern water balance in a PEM fuel cell. Specific calculations are presented based on data from hydrogen/air and direct methanol fuel cells currently under development for portable power systems. We will show how the water balance operating point depends on the cell operating parameters and show the sensitivity to off-design conditions.

scholarly journals A Fuzzy Model to Manage Water in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Gómer Abel Rubio ◽  
Wilton Edixon Agila
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Proton Exchange

In this paper, a fuzzy model is presented to determine in real-time the degree of dehydration or flooding of a proton exchange membrane of a fuel cell, to optimize its electrical response, and, consequently, its autonomous operation. By applying load, current, and flux variations in the dry, normal, and flooded states of the membrane, it was determined that the temporal evolution of the fuel cell voltage is characterized by changes in slope and by its voltage oscillations. The results were validated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and show slope changes from 0.435 to 0.52 and oscillations from 3.6 to 5.2 mV in the dry state, and slope changes from 0.2 to 0.3 and oscillations from 1 to 2 mV in the flooded state. The use of fuzzy logic is a novelty and constitutes a step towards the progressive automation of the supervision, perception, and intelligent control of fuel cells, allowing them to reduce their risks and increase their economic benefits.

Standard and Code Considerations for Stationary Fuel Cell Installations in the United States

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Conmy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Sustainable Power

Fuel cells power systems provide clean, efficient, and sustainable power. With the current push for sustainable green energy, interest in fuel cell power systems as alternate or supplemental power is high. For those intending to purchase and install stationary fuel cells, as well as for those responsible for permitting their operation, specific standards and codes should be reviewed.

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