scholarly journals Fuel Cell Backup Power System for Grid-Service and Micro-Grid in Telecommunication Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Ma ◽  
Josh Eichman ◽  
Jennifer Kurtz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Grid Service ◽  
Grid Services ◽  
Strategic Integration

This paper presents the feasibility and economics of using fuel cell backup power systems in telecommunication cell towers to provide grid services (e.g., ancillary services, demand response). The fuel cells are able to provide power for the cell tower during emergency conditions. This study evaluates the strategic integration of clean, efficient, and reliable fuel cell systems with the grid for improved economic benefits. The backup systems have potential as enhanced capability through information exchanges with the power grid to add value as grid services that depend on location and time. The economic analysis has been focused on the potential revenue for distributed telecommunications fuel cell backup units to provide value-added power supply. This paper shows case studies on current fuel cell backup power locations and regional grid service programs. The grid service benefits and system configurations for different operation modes provide opportunities for expanding backup fuel cell applications responsive to grid needs. The objective of this work primarily focuses on how fuel cells can become a significant part of the telecom backup power to reduce system costs, environmental impact, and dependence on fossil fuels, while ensuring continuity of indispensable service for mobile users. The study identifies the approaches on the fuel cell application through nano/microgrids for an extensive network of fuel cells as distributed energy resources. The possibilities of various application scenarios extend the fuel cell technologies and microgrid for reliable power supply.

scholarly journals Fuel Cell Backup Power System for Grid Service and Microgrid in Telecommunication Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Ma ◽  
Joshua Eichman ◽  
Jennifer Kurtz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Grid Service ◽  
Grid Services ◽  
Strategic Integration

This paper presents the feasibility and economics of using fuel cell backup power systems in telecommunication cell towers to provide grid services (e.g., ancillary services, demand response (DR)) as well as power for cell towers during emergency conditions. This study evaluates the strategic integration of clean, efficient, and reliable fuel cell systems with the grid for improved economic benefits. The backup systems can potentially enhance capabilities through information exchange with the power grid, which adds value for grid services that depend on location and time. The economic analysis focused on the potential revenue for distributed telecommunications fuel cell backup units to provide value-added power supply. This paper includes case studies on current fuel cell backup power locations and regional grid service programs. The grid service benefits and system configurations for different operation modes provide opportunities for expanding backup fuel cell applications responsive to grid needs. The objective of this work is primarily on how fuel cells can become a significant part of the telecom backup power fleet to reduce system costs, environmental impact, and dependence on fossil fuels, while ensuring continuity of indispensable service for mobile users. The study identifies different fuel cell applications and nano/microgrid approaches for an extensive network of fuel cells as distributed energy resources. The possibilities of various application scenarios extend to fuel cell technologies and microgrids for reliable power supply.

scholarly journals Alternative fuels and power systems to reduce environmental impact of support vessels

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cdr (E) dr. ir. Geertsma ◽  
ir. M Krijgsman
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Marine Diesel

The Netherlands Ministry of Defence have declared the ambition to reduce its fossil fuel dependency by at least 20% in 2030 and by at least 70% in 2050. For the Royal Netherlands Navy (RNLN), these targets seem more stringent than the initial strategy on greenhouse gas reduction for ships agreed by IMO, which aims for 50% reduction in total annual global shipping emission by 2050. The RNLN is currently investigating the replacement of a series of support vessels, 5 ships between 1000 and 2000 tons that perform hydrographic, submarine exercise support, civil support and seamanship training operations. These vessels perform support operations, are not volume critical in their design and have a limited mission duration of 2 to 3 weeks, and thus seem good candidates for alternative fuels and alternative power systems, such as fuel cells and batteries, that have emissions with a minimum impact on the environment. This study presents a novel approach to compare various alternative energy carrier and power system options with the Ships Power and Energy Concept (SPEC) exploration tool. We first introduce the baseline vessel and introduce the various fuels and technologies considered. We consider marine diesel oil as a baseline and alternative energy carriers hydrogen, methanol or ammonia and batteries. We review the fuels, their current and future availability and their impact on the environment. Moreover, we review the power system technologies, considering diesel generators running on marine diesel oil, methanol, ammonia or dimethyl ether, fuel cells running on hydrogen or methanol and batteries as the only power supply, recharged when ashore. Furthermore, we review power system designs with the combinations of fuel and power supply identified above and will consider: the mass and volume of the power system configurations and energy storage, fuel or batteries; the estimated capital and operational expenditure; technology readiness level; logistic availability of the fuel; and the estimated yearly CO2 emissions. Electrical propulsion with electrical power supply from internal combustion engines running on methanol appears a mature and cost-effective candidate to achieve the reduction target of 70% reduction in CO2 emission and its related dependancy on fossil fuels, with a 10% increase in capital cost and double fuel cost.

scholarly journals Optimal Synergy between Photovoltaic Panels and Hydrogen Fuel Cells for Green Power Supply of a Green Building—A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6304
Author(s):  
Raluca-Andreea Felseghi ◽  
Ioan Așchilean ◽  
Nicoleta Cobîrzan ◽  
Andrei Mircea Bolboacă ◽  
Maria Simona Raboaca
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels

Alternative energy resources have a significant function in the performance and decarbonization of power engendering schemes in the building application domain. Additionally, “green buildings” play a special role in reducing energy consumption and minimizing CO2 emissions in the building sector. This research article analyzes the performance of alternative primary energy sources (sun and hydrogen) integrated into a hybrid photovoltaic panel/fuel cell system, and their optimal synergy to provide green energy for a green building. The study addresses the future hydrogen-based economy, which involves the supply of hydrogen as the fuel needed to provide fuel cell energy through a power distribution infrastructure. The objective of this research is to use fuel cells in this field and to investigate their use as a green building energy supply through a hybrid electricity generation system, which also uses photovoltaic panels to convert solar energy. The fuel cell hydrogen is supplied through a distribution network in which hydrogen production is outsourced and independent of the power generation system. The case study creates virtual operating conditions for this type of hybrid energy system and simulates its operation over a one-year period. The goal is to demonstrate the role and utility of fuel cells in virtual conditions by analyzing energy and economic performance indicators, as well as carbon dioxide emissions. The case study analyzes the optimal synergy between photovoltaic panels and fuel cells for the power supply of a green building. In the simulation, an optimally configured hybrid system supplies 100% of the energy to the green building while generating carbon dioxide emissions equal to 11.72% of the average value calculated for a conventional energy system providing similar energy to a standard residential building. Photovoltaic panels account for 32% of the required annual electricity production, and the fuel cells generate 68% of the total annual energy output of the system.

scholarly journals Overpotential evaluation of PEMFC using semi-empirical equation and SEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 01015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaro Akimoto ◽  
Shin-nosuke Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Independent Power Supply ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
Degradation Diagnosis ◽  
Semi Empirical

Fuel cells are a clean and weather-independent power supply. Solar and wind power are widespread in islands that are difficult to supply power. If problems are solved in the future, fuel cells are also expected to become popular. The widespread commercialization of PEMFC stacks depends on their reliability and fault diagnosis. In this study, we developed a degradation diagnosis method for the purpose of improving reliability. The output reduction of the fuel cell is separated into reduction factors called overpotentials. And the factor of the decrease is specified. In this paper, we show the proposed method and the degradation factors, and the effectiveness of the method.

scholarly journals A Review of The Methanol Economy: The Fuel Cell Route

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Simon Araya ◽  
Vincenzo Liso ◽  
Xiaoti Cui ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Jimin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Methanol Economy

This review presents methanol as a potential renewable alternative to fossil fuels in the fight against climate change. It explores the renewable ways of obtaining methanol and its use in efficient energy systems for a net zero-emission carbon cycle, with a special focus on fuel cells. It investigates the different parts of the carbon cycle from a methanol and fuel cell perspective. In recent years, the potential for a methanol economy has been shown and there has been significant technological advancement of its renewable production and utilization. Even though its full adoption will require further development, it can be produced from renewable electricity and biomass or CO2 capture and can be used in several industrial sectors, which make it an excellent liquid electrofuel for the transition to a sustainable economy. By converting CO2 into liquid fuels, the harmful effects of CO2 emissions from existing industries that still rely on fossil fuels are reduced. The methanol can then be used both in the energy sector and the chemical industry, and become an all-around substitute for petroleum. The scope of this review is to put together the different aspects of methanol as an energy carrier of the future, with particular focus on its renewable production and its use in high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) via methanol steam reforming.

Paper 3: Fuel Cells as a Source of Power in Locomotives

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (7) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Williams ◽  
B. M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Solid Oxide Electrolyte ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cell Traction ◽  
Oxide Electrolyte

The principles of the more important fuel cells are described and their current state of development assessed. Reference is made to the suitability of various fuels for fuel cell power systems applied to locomotive traction. The overall scheme for a 300-kW power unit using a low-temperature fuel battery is described. While technically possible, such a system is unlikely to be economically viable. It is suggested that fuel cell traction for locomotives will have to await the development of an improved fuel cell, such as one using a solid oxide electrolyte.

Fabrication Methods for Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 396-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Akidah Baharuddin ◽  
Andanastuti Muchtar ◽  
Abu Bakar Sulong ◽  
Huda Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Dry Pressing

As an environmentally friendly technology, the fuel cell is one of the alternative technologies that can replace fossil fuels. Various types of fuel cells are available in the market, including the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The planar and tubular designs of SOFC are the leading designs mentioned in the literature. Several factors such as manufacturing cost, manufacturing process and production scale differentiate between the two main designs. Each cell component can be produced using a number of methods, two of which are the most common, namely dry pressing and screen printing techniques for the making of planar SOFC. This paper thus reviews several works that have utilized each of the fabricating methods mentioned. The processing steps, technical parameters, and results, such as the maximum power density of each method are discussed.

scholarly journals REVIEW ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUEL CELLS AND ITS FUTURE PROSPECTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Thareny Ravichandran ◽  
Juhana Jaafar ◽  
Hamid Ilbeygi ◽  
Mochammad Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Storage Medium ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Competing Technologies

Fossil fuels are unsustainable energy storage medium with pollution problems. With the limitation of fossil fuels, fuel cells, which are known as effective electrochemical converters, has attracted much attention. Present review paper provides a complete information on fuel cell technology and history which includes competing technologies, current status of research-and-development and its future direction. Fuel cell plays an important role in stationary applications from 1990s till now due to its efficiency upon reducing emissions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fuel Cell DC/DC Power Supply Topologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2095 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Guofu Chen ◽  
Fengjiao Dai ◽  
Wei Kang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Electronics ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Topological Structures ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Dc Power Supply ◽  
Output Characteristics

Abstract With the development of fuel cell products and technology, power electronics researchers have proposed a variety of fuel cell DC/DC power supply topologies for the output characteristics of fuel cells. This article compares and analyzes several existing non-isolated and isolated topological structures, summarizes the respective advantages and disadvantages of different topological structures and applicable scenarios, and provides references for further indepth discussion of related issues.

scholarly journals New Avenues for Electrochemistry

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (02) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Michael Valenti
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Coal Mine Methane ◽  
Automotive Engines

Manufacturers of fuel cells are working to improve the economics of electrochemical devices to make them more competitive with conventional fossil fuel power systems for industrial plants and vehicles. FuelCell Energy of Danbury, Connecticut, is designing a system to convert polluting coal mine methane into electricity. General Electric MicroGen of Latham, New York, plans to introduce a residential fuel cell system by the end of the year to provide remote homes with backup current and heat. Another residential system is being developed by International Fuel Cells of South Windsor, Connecticut. The Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory in Morgantown, West Virginia, is sponsoring a program to determine the feasibility of feeding coal mine methane to fuel cells. The program involves building a 250-kilowatt fuel cell system at the Nelms mining complex operated by Harrison Mining Corp. in Cadiz, Ohio. A fuel cell system planned for the Nelms complex will assist these automotive engines in consuming methane emissions while generating electricity.

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