Security in Cyber-Enabled Design and Manufacturing: A Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva Chaitanya Chaduvula ◽  
Adam Dachowicz ◽  
Mikhail J. Atallah ◽  
Jitesh H. Panchal
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Security Practices ◽  
Adversarial Models ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Realization Process ◽  
Product Realization

Developments in digital technology and manufacturing processes have expanded the horizon of designer innovation in creating products. In addition to this, real-time collaborative platforms help designers shorten the product development cycle by enabling collaborations with domain experts from concept generation to product realization and after-market. These collaborations are extending beyond enterprise and national boundaries, contributing to a growing concern among designers regarding the security of their sensitive information such as intellectual property (IP) and trade secrets. The source of such sensitive information leaks could be external (e.g., hacker) or internal (e.g., disgruntled employee) to the collaboration. From a designer's perspective, this fear can inhibit participation in a collaboration even though it might result in better products or services. In this paper, we aim to contextualize this evolving security space by discussing various security practices in digital domains, such as encryption and secret sharing, as well as manufacturing domains, such as physically unclonable function (PUF) and physical part watermarking for anticounterfeiting and tamper evidence purposes. Further, we classify these practices with respect to their performance against different adversarial models for different stages in product development. Such a classification can help designers to make informed decisions regarding security practices during the product realization process.

Introducing the Industrial Product Realization Process Into Mechanical Engineering Design Education

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vance D. Browne
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Education ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Engineering Design Education ◽  
Realization Process ◽  
Product Realization

Abstract The process by which new products are brought to market — the product realization process, or PRP — can be introduced in engineering design education. In industry, the PRP has been evolving to concurrent engineering and product teams. The PRP includes components such as concept generation, analysis, manufacturing process development and customer interaction. Also, it involves the sequencing of the components and their connections which includes teamwork, project planning, meetings, reports and presentations. A capstone senior engineering project, along with classroom lectures and presentations can be structured to provide knowledge and experience to the students in many of the PRP components and the connections. This paper will give an overview of the PRP and a project/lecture structure at the author’s university. The instructor recently joined the academic ranks after years in industry with responsibility for directing product development and R&D and for leading product development teams.

The Role of Conceptualization and Design in Product Realization

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed E. M. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Physical Realization ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Virtual Realities ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Product Development Cycle ◽  
Realization Process ◽  
Product Realization ◽  
The Physical Realization

The term Product realization is usually used to describe the physical realization of a product in the product development cycle. Therefore, the term may or may not include conceptualization and design phases. Considering that product realization means bringing a product to reality, it is important to study the concept of reality to understand the role of conceptualization, design, and manufacturing in product realization. In this paper, the concept of reality is expanded to include the perceptual and virtual realities as integral parts of the product realization process. This paper discusses the three phases of realization and their interactions. It also addresses the key roles of conceptualization, design and manufacturability in the realization process. To illustrate the concepts, presented in the paper, some examples are included.

A Product Realization Approach to Creativity in Engineering Education

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed E. M. El-Sayed ◽  
Jacqueline A. J. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
Design Education ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Realization Process ◽  
Product Realization

Product realization, which is the goal of any product development process from concept to production, usually means bringing a product to physical reality. Problem solving and design are two of the engineering activities for achieving the product development process goal. For this reason engineering education efforts are usually focused on problem solving as a building block for any educational course or program activities. In addition, some courses and curriculum threads are usually dedicated to design education and practices. The common restriction of realization to mean physical reality, however, limits the full understanding and potential of better problem solving and design education in engineering. In this paper, the realization process is expanded to include the virtual and perceptual realities as valid domains of the product realization process. These domains of realization and their interactions with the physical reality are studied. Also, the relationships between research, problem solving, and design are examined in the context of engineering product realization. Focus, in this study, is directed to the understanding of research, engineering problem solving, and design activities as a result of the expanded realization concept. This understanding aims at improving engineering education by focusing on the key issue of creativity in program and course design, delivery, and assessment. To illustrate the concepts, presented in the paper, several examples are included.

Design for Mass Customization by Developing Product Family Architecture

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell M. Tseng ◽  
Jianxin Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Mass Customization ◽  
Product Family ◽  
Customer Requirements ◽  
Market Positioning ◽  
Product Families ◽  
Integration Platform ◽  
Product Family Architecture ◽  
Realization Process ◽  
Product Realization

Abstract Mass customization is becoming an important agenda in industry and academia alike. This paper deals with mass customization from a product development perspective. A framework of design for mass customization (DFMC) by developing product family architecture (PFA) is presented. To deal with tradeoffs between diversity of customer requirements and reusability of design and process capabilities, DFMC advocates shifting product development from designing individual products to designing product families. As the core of DFMC, the concept of PFA is developed to assist different functional departments within a manufacturing enterprise to work together cohesively. A PFA describes variety and product families and performs as a generic product platform for product differentiation in which individual customer requirements can be satisfied through systematic decisions of developing product variants. Based on such a PFA, the DFMC framework provides a unifying integration platform for synchronizing market positioning, soliciting customer requirements, increasing reusability, and enhancing manufacturing scale of economy across the entire product realization process.

A Service Oriented Architecture for Collaborative Product Design

2010 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 1115-1118
Author(s):  
Zhi Jun Rong ◽  
Bao Sheng Ying ◽  
Bin Bin Dan
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Collaborative Product Design ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Realization Process ◽  
Product Realization ◽  
Distributed Infrastructure

The recent advance in information technologies has the potential to greatly enhance product development, and to make distributed designers, engineers, manufacturers and customers work together over networks. This paper reviews related work on service-oriented architecture, distributed infrastructure and highlights the need to integrate service-oriented architecture technologies for meaningful and interactive collaborative design processes. This paper presents a service-oriented architecture implemented by web services for collaborative design. The collaborative workspace is presented to facilitate the design participants’ collaboration. The proposed architecture is applicable to different requirements of design participants and enhances design interaction during the product realization process.

Toward an Information Management Infrastructure for Product Family Planning and Mass Customization

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Shooter ◽  
Timothy W. Simpson ◽  
Soundar R. T. Kumara ◽  
Robert B. Stone ◽  
Janis P. Terpenny
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Information Management ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Product Family ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Distributed Resources ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Realization Process ◽  
Product Realization

Complex new product development requires numerous decisions by many individuals and groups, which are often geographically and temporally distributed. There is a need to share and coordinate distributed resources and synchronize decisions, and recent advances in information technology (IT) pose an untapped potential for assisting in the capture, storage, retrieval and facilitated use of product development information. We exploit IT to address this problem through the proposed approach to Product Family Planning. By sharing assets such as components, processes and knowledge across a family of products, companies can efficiently develop differentiated products and increase the flexibility and responsiveness of their product realization process. In this paper we describe our recent efforts in realizing an information management infrastructure for product family planning and platform customization. In particular, we focus on three current research thrusts to identify product platform leveraging strategies to support future product family planning: (1) an evolutionary approach to product platforming, (2) a bottom-up approach to product platforming, and (3) industry-based platform case studies. Future research directions are also outlined.

Customizing Next-Generation Multidisciplinary Product Realization Frameworks

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manas Bajaj ◽  
Robert Fulton ◽  
Russell Peak
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Semantic Model ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Printed Wiring Board ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Rich Information ◽  
Wiring Board ◽  
Realization Process ◽  
Product Realization

Technological advancements have made the product realization process assume multi-disciplinary proportions. The information models associated with a product have grown richer not only in content but also in semantics and though derived from diverse sources, they are interdependent and need to interact. This paper envisions customizing Product Realization Frameworks (PRFs) as a synergistic aggregation of rich information models that cater to product development. It proposes a semantic model to organize product realization information and then develops a “Three-Tier Architecture” to enable the customization of Product Realization Frameworks for individual business needs of engineering enterprises. A prototype PRF for an “Optimized printed wiring board (PWB) stack-up design” problem has been implemented using the concepts proposed. The paper points towards the inherent flexibility of the proposed architecture to cater to varied extensions of the stack-up design problem.

A Framework for Augmented Reality Based Collaborative Product Development

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Agarwal ◽  
C. P. Huang ◽  
F. W. Liou ◽  
O. R. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Collaborative Product Development ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Augmented Reality Technology ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract The aim of this paper is develop a framework for a system for collaborative product development using Internet and augmented reality technology. The system allows fruitful interaction between experts at geographically dispersed locations through a flexible environment for sharing of information which could be in the form of live video, computer-aided design, audio, textual or conceptual. This system will provide a new paradigm for flexible interaction between the vendors and/or the domain experts at different stages of the product development cycle in order to reduce turn-around time. Also the system can be used in the classroom as a demonstration tool or in distance learning environment to introduce the concept of distributed collaborative engineering to students.

SHARP: A System for Haptic Assembly and Realistic Prototyping

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Seth ◽  
Hai-Jun Su ◽  
Judy M. Vance
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Prototyping ◽  
Mechanical Assembly ◽  
Swept Volumes ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Product Design Process ◽  
Costly Product ◽  
Easy Integration ◽  
Realization Process ◽  
Product Realization

Virtual Reality (VR) technology holds promise as a virtual prototyping tool for mechanical assembly; however, several developmental challenges still need to be addressed before virtual prototyping applications can successfully be integrated into the product realization process. This paper describes the development of SHARP (System for Haptic Assembly & Realistic Prototyping), a portable VR interface for virtual assembly. SHARP uses physically-based modeling for simulating realistic part-to-part and hand-to-part interactions in virtual environments. A dual handed haptic interface for realistic part interaction using the PHANToM® haptic devices is presented. The capability of creating subassemblies enhances the application’s ability to handle a wide variety of assembly scenarios. Swept volumes are implemented for addressing maintainability issues and a network module is added for communicating with different VR systems at dispersed geographic locations. Support for various types of VR systems allows an easy integration of SHARP into the product realization process resulting in faster product development, faster identification of assembly and design issues and a more efficient and less costly product design process.

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